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As part of CIEs continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE uses
different variants of some question papers for our most popular assessments with large and
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Introduction

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Introduction

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or

as appropriate.

First Variant Question Paper

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*7190250824*

0620/31

CHEMISTRY

May/June 2008

Paper 3 (Extended)

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES
Answer all questions.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
questions.

For Examiner's Use

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IBO8.06_0620_31/4RP
UCLES 2008

[Turn over

2
1

For each of the following select an element from Period 4, potassium to krypton, that
matches the description.

(a) It is a brown liquid at room temperature.

(b) It forms a compound with hydrogen having the formula XH4.

(c) A metal that reacts violently with cold water.

(d) It has a complete outer energy level.

(e) It has oxidation states of 2 and 3 only.

(f) It can form an ion of the type X-.

(g) One of its oxides is the catalyst in the Contact Process.

[Total: 7]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

For
Examiner's
Use

3
2

(a) Complete the table which gives the names, symbols, relative masses and relative
charges of the three subatomic particles.
name

symbol

electron

e-

proton

relative mass

For
Examiner's
Use

relative charge

1
n

0
[3]

(b) Use the information in the table to explain the following.

(i) Atoms contain charged particles but they are electrically neutral because they
have no overall charge.

[2]
(ii) Atoms can form positive ions.

[2]
(iii) Atoms of the same element can have different masses.

[2]
(iv) Scientists are certain that there are no undiscovered elements missing from the
Periodic Table from hydrogen to lawrencium.
[1]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

[Turn over

4
3

Copper is purified by electrolysis.

For
Examiner's
Use

(a) Complete the following.

The positive electrode (anode) is made from
The negative electrode (cathode) is made from
The electrolyte is aqueous

[3]

(b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the positive electrode (anode).
[2]

(c) (i) Give two reasons why copper is used,

in electric wiring,
[2]

in cooking utensils.
[2]

(ii) Give another use of copper.

[1]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

5
4

Sulphuric acid is a typical strong acid.

For
Examiner's
Use

(a) Change the equations given into a different format.

MgSO4 + H2
(i) Mg + H2SO4
Change into a word equation.
[1]
(ii) lithium oxide + sulphuric acid
Change into a symbol equation.

lithium sulphate + water

[2]
Cu2+ + H2O
(iii) CuO + 2H+
Change the ionic equation into a symbol equation.
[2]
(iv) Na2CO3 + H2SO4
Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
Change into a word equation.
[1]

(b) When sulphuric acid dissolves in water, the following reaction occurs.
HSO4- + H3O+
H2SO4 + H2O
Explain why water is behaving as a base in this reaction.
[2]

(c) Sulphuric acid is a strong acid, ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid.

[2]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

[Turn over

6
5

Carbonyl chloride, COCl2, is a colourless gas. It is made by the following reaction.

For
Examiner's
Use

cool
CO(g) + Cl2(g)

COCl2(g)
heat

(a) When the pressure on the equilibrium mixture is decreased, the position of equilibrium
moves to left.
(i) How does the concentration of each of the three chemicals change?

[2]
(ii) Explain why the position of equilibrium moves to left.

[2]
(b) Using the information given with the equation, is the forward reaction exothermic or
endothermic? Give a reason for your choice.

[2]
(c) Carbonyl chloride reacts with water to form two acidic compounds.
Suggest which acidic compounds are formed.
1.
2.

[2]

(d) The structural formula of carbonyl chloride is given below.

Cl
O

C
Cl

Draw a diagram that shows the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule
of this covalent compound.
Use x for an electron from a chlorine atom.
Use o for an electron from a carbon atom.
Use for an electron from an oxygen atom.

[4]
[Total: 12]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

7
6

Three of the factors that can influence the rate of a chemical reaction are:

For
Examiner's
Use

physical state of the reactants

light
the presence of a catalyst

(a) The first recorded dust explosion was in a flour mill in Italy in 1785. Flour contains
carbohydrates. Explosions are very fast exothermic reactions.
(i) Use the collision theory to explain why the reaction between the particles of flour
and the oxygen in the air is very fast.

[2]
(ii) Write a word equation for this exothermic reaction.
[1]
The decomposition of silver(I) bromide is the basis of film photography. The equation for
this decomposition is:
2AgBr
white

2Ag + Br2
black

This reaction is photochemical.

A piece of white paper was coated with silver(I) bromide and the following experiment was
carried out.
some time later with the
initially
card and paper removed
black

not covered

covered with
thin paper

exposure
to light

covered with
thick card

grey

white

paper coated with

silver(I) bromide

(b) Explain the results.

[3]
UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

[Turn over

8
(c) The fermentation of glucose is catalysed by enzymes from yeast. Yeast is added to
aqueous glucose, the solution starts to bubble and becomes cloudy as more yeast
cells are formed.
C6H12O6(aq)

2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)

The reaction is exothermic.

Eventually the fermentation stops when the concentration of ethanol is about 12%.
(i) What is an enzyme?
[1]
(ii) Pasteur said that fermentation was respiration in the absence of air. Suggest a
definition of respiration.

[2]
(iii) On a large scale, the reaction mixture is cooled. Suggest a reason why this is
necessary.
[1]
(iv) Why does the fermentation stop? Suggest two reasons.

[2]

(v) When the fermentation stops, there is a mixture of dilute aqueous ethanol and
yeast. Suggest a technique which could be used to remove the cloudiness due to
the yeast.
[1]

Name a technique which will separate the ethanol from the ethanol / water mixture.
[1]
[Total: 14]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

For
Examiner's
Use

9
7

Crystals of sodium sulphate-10-water, Na2SO4.10H2O, are prepared by titration.

For
Examiner's
Use

burette filled with

sulphuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide(aq)

concentration 2.24 mol / dm3
(a) 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide is pipetted into a conical flask.
A few drops of an indicator are added. Using a burette, dilute sulphuric acid is slowly
added until the indicator just changes colour. The volume of acid needed to neutralise
the alkali is noted.
Suggest how you would continue the experiment to obtain pure, dry crystals of sodium
sulphate-10-water.

[4]
(b) Using 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.24 mol / dm3, 3.86 g of crystals were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield.
2NaOH + H2SO4

Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Na2SO4 + 10H2O

Na2SO4.10H2O

Number of moles of NaOH used =

Maximum number of moles of Na2SO4.10H2O that could be formed =
Mass of one mole of Na2SO4.10H2O = 322 g
Maximum yield of sodium sulphate-10-water =
Percentage yield =

g
%

[4]

[Total: 8]
UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

[Turn over

10
8

Large areas of the Amazon rain forest are cleared each year to grow soya beans. The trees
are cut down and burnt.
(a) Why do these activities increase the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

[2]
(b) Soya beans contain all three main food groups. Two of which are protein and
carbohydrate.
(i) What is the third group?
[1]
(ii) Draw the structural formula of a complex carbohydrate such as starch.

[3]
(iii) Compare the structure of a protein with that of a synthetic polyamide. The structure
of a typical protein is given below.

How are they similar?

How are they different?

[3]
[Total: 9]

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

For
Examiner's
Use

11
BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UCLES 2008

0620/31/M/J/08

 UCLES 2008

Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

0620/31/M/J/08

Strontium

Key

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

Actinium

Ac

89

Ra

Radium

88

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

72

Lanthanum

57

178

Hf

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

Barium

56

Caesium

45

Sc

226

55

137

Ba

133

Cs

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

51

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc
186

Re

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

190

Pm

Osmium

Os

Np
93

Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

Sm

150

Iridium

Pu
94

Plutonium

62

Eu

152

Platinum

Am
95

Americium

63

Europium

78

195

Pt

Ir

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

192

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

Cf
98

Californium

66

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

32

Germanium

Ge

73

Silicon

In

Gallium

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

11

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

14

Se

79

Sulphur

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

32

Oxygen

16

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

VII

Hydrogen

VI

He

IV

III
1

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

12

Second Variant Question Paper

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*8672182532*

0620/32

CHEMISTRY

May/June 2008

Paper 3 (Extended)

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES
Answer all questions.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
questions.

For Examiner's Use

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB08 06_0620_32_TZ/RP
UCLES 2008

[Turn over

2
1

For each of the following select an element from Period 4, potassium to krypton, that
matches the description.

(a) It is a brown liquid at room temperature.

(b) It forms a covalent compound with hydrogen having the
formula H2X.

(c) A metal that reacts violently with cold water.

(d) It has a complete outer energy level.

(e) It has oxidation states of 2 and 3 only.

(f) It can form an ion of the type X +.

(g) This metal is the catalyst in the Haber Process.

[Total: 7]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

For
Examiner's
Use

3
2

(a) Complete the table which gives the names, symbols, relative masses and relative
charges of the three subatomic particles.
name

symbol

electron

e-

proton
neutron

relative mass

For
Examiner's
Use

relative charge

1
n
[3]

(b) Use the information in the table to explain the following.

(i) Atoms contain charged particles but they are electrically neutral - they have no
overall charge.

[2]
(ii) Atoms can form negative ions.

[2]
(iii) Different atoms of the element chlorine are

35
17

Cl and

37
17

Cl.

How are they different?

How are they the same?

[2]

(iv) Scientists are certain that there are no undiscovered elements missing from the
Periodic Table from hydrogen to lawrencium.
[1]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

[Turn over

4
3

Copper is purified by electrolysis.

For
Examiner's
Use

(a) Complete the following.

The positive electrode (anode) is made from
The negative electrode (cathode) is made from
The electrolyte is aqueous

[3]

(b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the positive electrode (anode).
[2]

(c) (i) Give two reasons why copper is used,

in electric wiring,
[2]

in cooking utensils.
[2]

(ii) Give another use of copper.

[1]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

5
4

Sulphuric acid is a typical strong acid.

For
Examiner's
Use

(a) Change the equation given into a different format.

MgSO4 + H2
(i) Mg + H2SO4
Change into a word equation.
[1]
(ii) lithium oxide + sulphuric acid
Change into a symbol equation.

lithium sulphate + water

[2]
(iii) CuCO3 + 2H+
Cu2+ + H2O + CO2
Change the ionic equation into a symbol equation.
[2]
Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
(iv) Na2CO3 + H2SO4
Change into a word equation.
[1]

(b) When sulphuric acid dissolves in water, the following reaction occurs.
HSO4- + H3O+
H2SO4 + H2O
Explain why water is behaving as a base.
[2]

(c) Sulphuric acid is a strong acid, ethanoic acid is a weak acid. One way of distinguishing
between them is to measure their pH. The weaker acid will have the higher pH.
Describe another way by which they could be distinguished.

[2]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

[Turn over

6
5

Carbonyl chloride, COCl2, is a colourless gas. It is made by the following reaction.

For
Examiner's
Use

cool
CO(g) + Cl2(g)

COCl2(g)
heat

(a) When the pressure on the equilibrium mixture is increased, the position of equilibrium
moves to right.
(i) How does the concentration of each of the three chemicals change?

[2]
(ii) Explain why the position of equilibrium moves to right.

[2]
(b) Using the information given with the equation, is the forward reaction exothermic or
endothermic? Give a reason for your choice.

[2]
(c) Carbonyl chloride reacts with water to form two acidic compounds.
Name them.
[2]
(d) The structural formula of carbonyl chloride is given below.
Cl
O

C
Cl

Draw a diagram that shows the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule
of this covalent compound.
Use x for an electron from a chlorine atom.
Use o for an electron from a carbon atom.
Use for an electron from an oxygen atom.

[4]
[Total: 12]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

7
6

Three of the factors that can influence the rate of a chemical reaction are:

For
Examiner's
Use

physical state of the reactants

light
the presence of a catalyst

(a) The first recorded dust explosion was in a flour mill in Italy in 1785. Flour contains
carbohydrates. Explosions are very fast exothermic reactions.
(i) Use the collision theory to explain why the reaction between the particles of flour
and the oxygen in the air is very fast.

[2]
(ii) Write a word equation for this exothermic reaction.
[1]
The decomposition of silver(I) bromide is the basis of film photography. The equation for
this decomposition is:
2AgBr
white

2Ag + Br2
black

(b) This reaction is photochemical.

A piece of white paper was coated with silver(I) bromide and the following experiment
was carried out.
some time later with the
initially
card and paper removed
black

not covered

covered with
thin paper

exposure
to light

covered with
thick card

grey

white

paper coated with

silver(I) bromide

Explain the results.

[3]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

[Turn over

8
(c) The fermentation of glucose is catalysed by enzymes from yeast. Yeast is added to
aqueous glucose, the solution starts to bubble and becomes cloudy as more yeast
cells are formed.
C6H12O6(aq)

2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)

The reaction is exothermic.

Eventually the fermentation stops when the concentration of ethanol is about 12%.
(i) What is an enzyme?
[1]
(ii) Pasteur said that fermentation was respiration in the absence of air. Define
respiration.

[2]
(iii) On a large scale, the reaction mixture is cooled. Suggest a reason why this is
necessary.
[1]
(iv) Why does the fermentation stop? Suggest two reasons.

[2]

(v) When the fermentation stops, there is a mixture of dilute aqueous ethanol and
yeast. Suggest a technique which could be used to remove the cloudiness due to
the yeast.
[1]

Name another technique which will separate the ethanol from the ethanol / water
mixture.
[1]
[Total: 14]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

For
Examiner's
Use

9
7

Crystals of sodium sulphate-10-water, Na2SO4.10H2O, are prepared by titration.

For
Examiner's
Use

burette filled with

sulphuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide(aq)

concentration 2.64 mol / dm3
(a) 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide is pipetted into a conical flask.
A few drops of an indicator are added. Using a burette, dilute sulphuric acid is slowly
added until the indicator just changes colour. The volume of acid needed to neutralise
the alkali is noted.
Suggest how you would continue the experiment to obtain pure, dry crystals of sodium
sulphate-10-water.

[4]
(b) Using 25.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 2.64 mol / dm3, 3.95 g of crystals were
obtained. Calculate the percentage yield.
2NaOH + H2SO4

Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Na2SO4 + 10H2O

Na2SO4.10H2O

Number of moles of NaOH used =

Maximum number of moles of Na2SO4.10H2O that could be formed =
Mass of one mole of Na2SO4.10H2O = 322 g
Maximum yield of sodium sulphate-10-water =
Percentage yield =

g
%

[4]

[Total: 8]
UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

[Turn over

10
8

Large areas of the Amazon rain forest are cleared each year to grow soya beans. The trees
are cut down and burnt.
(a) Why do these activities increase the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

[2]
(b) Soya beans contain all three main food groups.
carbohydrate.

Two of which are protein and

(i) What is the third group?

[1]
(ii) Draw the structural formula of a complex carbohydrate such as starch.

[3]
(iii) Compare the structure of a protein with that of a synthetic polyamide. The structure
of a typical protein is given below.

How are they similar?

How are they different?

[3]
[Total: 9]

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

For
Examiner's
Use

11
BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UCLES 2008

0620/32/M/J/08

 UCLES 2008

Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

0620/32/M/J/08

Strontium

Key

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

Actinium

Ac

89

Ra

Radium

88

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

72

Lanthanum

57

178

Hf

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

Barium

56

Caesium

45

Sc

226

55

137

Ba

133

Cs

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc
186

Re

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

190

Pm

Osmium

Os

Np
93

Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

Sm

150

Iridium

Ir

192

Pu
94

Plutonium

62

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

195

Eu

152

Platinum

Pt

Am
95

Americium

63

Europium

78

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

In

115

Gallium

Cf
98

Californium

66

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

Ge

73

Silicon

119

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

Sn

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

32

Germanium

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

11

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

14

Se

79

Sulphur

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

32

Oxygen

16

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

VII

Hydrogen

VI

He

IV

III
1

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

51

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

12