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Worksheet Oxidation Reduction

The document discusses oxidation-reduction reactions, including assigning oxidation states, identifying oxidizing and reducing agents, and balancing redox reactions by splitting them into half-reactions. Key concepts covered are oxidation state rules, balancing redox reactions through the half-reaction method, and identifying oxidizing and reducing agents based on changes in oxidation states.

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Rudi Berlian
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446 views

Worksheet Oxidation Reduction

The document discusses oxidation-reduction reactions, including assigning oxidation states, identifying oxidizing and reducing agents, and balancing redox reactions by splitting them into half-reactions. Key concepts covered are oxidation state rules, balancing redox reactions through the half-reaction method, and identifying oxidizing and reducing agents based on changes in oxidation states.

Uploaded by

Rudi Berlian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Worksheet 7 - Oxidation/Reduction Reactions

Oxidation number rules:


Elements have an oxidation number of 0
Group I and II In addition to the elemental oxidation state of 0,
Group I has an oxidation state of +1 and Group II has an
oxidation state of +2.
Hydrogen usually +1, except when bonded to Group I or Group II,
when it forms hydrides, -1.
Oxygen usually -2, except when it forms a O-O single bond, a
peroxide, when it is -1.
Fluorine is always -1. Other halogens are usually -1, except when
bonded to O.
1.

Assign oxidation numbers to each of the atoms in the following


compounds:

Na2CrO4

Na =

O=

Cr =

K2Cr2O7

K=

O=

Cr =

CO2

O=

C=

CH4

H=

C=

HClO4

O=

H=

MnO2

O=

Mn =

SO32-

O=

S=

SF4

F=

S=

Cl =

a.

What is the range of oxidation states for carbon?

b.

Which compound has C in a +4 state?

c.

Which compound has C in a -4 state?

2.

Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons (Group V). It can gain up to 3 electrons


(-3), or lose up to 5 (+5) electrons. Fill in the missing names or formulas
and assign an oxidation state to each of the following nitrogen containing
compounds:
name

formula oxidation state of N


NH3

nitrogen
nitrite
NO3dinitrogen monoxide
NO2
hydroxylamine

NH2OH

nitrogen monoxide
hydrazine

N2H4

During chemical reactions, the oxidation state of atoms can change. This
occurs when compounds gain or lose electrons, or when the bonds to an atom
change. This is illustrated by the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to
make ammonia:
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g)
a.

Assign oxidation numbers to each of the atoms in this reaction.

N (in N2) =

N (in NH3) =

H (in H2) =

H (in NH3) =

When an oxidation number increases, that species has been oxidized.


b.

Which reactant undergoes an increase in its oxidation number?

When an oxidation number decreases, that species has been reduced.


c.

Which reactant undergoes a decrease in its oxidation number?

The species that is oxidized is called the reducing agent because it gives up an
electron, so that another species can gain an electron (be reduced).
d.

What is the reducing agent in this reaction?

The species that is reduced is called the oxidizing agent because it takes an
electron away from another group, raising that group's oxidation number.
e.
3.

What is the oxidizing agent in this reaction?

In each of the following reactions, assign oxidation numbers to all of the


elements and identify the oxidizing and reducing agents and the
change in oxidation number.
a.

4 Fe + 3 O22 Fe2O3
change in oxidation number

oxidizing agent
reducing agent
b.

Cr2O72-+ 2OH-2 CrO42-+ H2O


change in oxidation number

oxidizing agent
reducing agent
c.

NH4NO2N2+2 H2O
change in oxidation number

oxidizing agent
reducing agent
d.

P4+10 Cl24 PCl5


change in oxidation number

oxidizing agent
reducing agent
e.

2 Cr3++H2O+6 ClO3-Cr2O72-+6ClO2+2 H+
change in oxidation number

oxidizing agent
reducing agent

Balancing Redox Reactions


Oxidation/Reduction (Redox) reactions can be balanced using the oxidation state
changes, as seen in the previous example. However, there is an easier method,
which involves breaking a redox reaction into two half- reactions. This is best
shown by working an example.
Hydrobromic acid will react with permanganate to form elemental bromine and
the manganese(II) ion. The unbalanced, net reaction is shown below,
Br- + MnO4- Br2 + Mn2+
1.

Break this into two half-reactions, one involving bromine and the other
involving manganese.
Bromine half-reaction
Br- Br2

2.

Manganese half-reaction
MnO4- Mn2+

First balance the bromine half-reaction first.


a.

Balance the bromine atoms of the reaction


___ Br- ___Br2

b.

Now balance charge by adding electrons (e-)


___ Br- ___Br2
This half-reaction is producing/consuming electrons. This is an
oxidation/reduction half-reaction. Confirm this by assigning
oxidation numbers to the bromine species.

3.

Next, balance the manganese half-reaction.


a.

Balance the manganese atoms of the half-reaction


___ MnO4- ___ Mn2+

b.

Next, balance oxygen by adding water molecules (H2O)


___ MnO4- ___ Mn2+

c.

Next, balance hydrogen by adding protons (H+)


___ MnO4- ___ Mn2+

d.

Finally, balance charge by adding electrons (e-).


___ MnO4- ___ Mn2+
This half-reaction is producing/consuming electrons. This is a
oxidation/reduction half-reaction. Confirm this by assigning
oxidation numbers to the manganese atoms.
Notice that the number of electrons equals the change in oxidation
number.

4.

Now put the two half-reactions together. The number of electrons


produced must equal the number of electrons consumed.
5e- + 8H+ + MnO4- Mn2+ + 4H2O

2 Br- Br2 + 2emultiply this half-reaction by ____


___Br- ___Br2 + ___e-

multiply this half-reaction by ___

___e- + ___H+ + ___MnO4- ___Mn2+ + ___H2O

Add the two half-reactions, canceling out species that appear on both sides
(including electrons)
___Br- + ___H+ + ___MnO4- ___Br2 + ___Mn2+ + ___H2O
Which compound is the oxidizing agent ?
Which compound is the reducing agent ?
Notice that there are protons (H+) present in the reactants. This indicates that
the reaction is carried out in an acidic solution. To carry this out in a basic
solution, simply add enough hydroxide ions (OH-) to each side of the equation to
neutralize the protons. The product of the neutralization reaction will be water.

The overall balanced reaction under basic conditions is:


___Br- + ___MnO4- + ___H2O ___Br2 + ___Mn2+ + ___OH-

Now, balance the redox reaction between methanol and dichromate, which
produces methanal and chromium (III), as shown below:
CH3OH + Cr2O72- CH2O + Cr3+
First, separate this into two half-reactions
Then, balance the redox active species.
Then, balance oxygens with H2O
Balance hydrogen with H+
Balance charge with electrons.
Equalize the number of electrons lost and gained

This indicates that the reaction must be carried out in an acidic solution.
To carry it out in a basic solution, just add enough OH- to neutralize the acid, H+

Balance the following redox-reaction which takes place in basic solutions.


Zn (s) + NO2- NH3 + Zn(OH)42-

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