Engleski 1

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Movement (Verbs): Up

Rose
Went up
Increased
Grew
Shot up
Surged
Rocketed

Prepositions

Between 1995 and 2000


From 1995 to 2000
Sales rose from 200 to 250
Sales fell to 150 in March
Sales fell by 50%

No Movement: (Verbs with Adjectives,


Verbs)

remained steady
were unchanged
did not change
remained constant
remained stable
stabilized

Movement (Verbs): Down

Fell
Declined
Dropped
Decreased
Sank
Went down
Plunged
Plummeted

Adverbs and intensifiers

slightly
a little
gradually
gently
steadily
a lot
sharply
suddenly
steeply

Tops and Bottoms

reached a peak
peaked
reached their highest level
fell to a low
sank to a trough
reached a bottom

Underground Station Passenger Numbers

The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the
course of a day.
The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00,
with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200
at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people
using the station.
In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a
rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight
increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.
Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening
periods.

DESCRIBING TRENDS
Exercise 1
Sales results
Choose the correct words in italics to complete the report.

Sales began the year at 30,000 units in January and increased slight / slightly to 32,000
units in February. There was a sharp / sharply rise to / by 38,000 in March due / led to the
inroduction of a new price discounting scheme. This was followed by a slight / slightly fall in April
when sales dropped to 36,000 units. Our competitors launched a rival product in the spring and
this resulted in / from a dramatic / dramatically fall to 25,000 in May. But we ran a summer
advertising campaign and sales increased steady / steadily to / by 2,000 units a month throughout
June, July and August until they stood in / at 33,000 in September.
The dramatic / dramatically rise to 45,000 in October resulted in / from the launch of our
new autumn range. But then we experienced problems meeting demand and sales fell sharp /
sharply in November and remained steady / steadily at / by 39,000 in December.

Exercise 2
There is one mistake in every sentence. Find the mistake and correct it.
1. Our supplier's prices increased at 7% last month.
2. Their market share remained steadily between 2003 and 2007.
3. We lent a lot of money from the bank last year.
4. We spent too much money in advertising.
5. Our poor performance last year was resulted to increased competition.
6. There was a sharp increase on sales last year.
7. This graph shows our sales numbers for the past month.
8. Can we cancel our meeting until next week, please?
9. We hope to achieve a steadily growth in sales.
10. Salaries felt by a small amount last year.

Describing graphs
Exercise 1
Read the reports on the sales results of different division of Sony and match each one to
the correct graph.
1. Music group sales went up slightly in 1991, then fell slightly in 1992 and 1993. But
best-selling record releases by Michael Jackson, Billy Joel, Mariah Carey, Pearl
Jam and many other artists led to recovery in 1994.
2. There was a sharp increase in Audio Equipment sales in 1991 and another
increase In 1992. But European market conditions were difficult in 1993 and 1994
and as a result, sales fell.
3. Other sales increased steadily between 1990 and 1994 as a result of the strong
performance of semiconductors, telephones and CD-Rom drivers.
4. There was a dramatic rise in Pictures Group sales in 1991 and sales continued to
increase in 1992 and 1993. But the strong yen resulted in a fall in 1994. In fact, hit
films such as Sleepless in Seattle and Philadelphia resulted in a rise in sales on a
local currency basis in the US where we achieved a 19% market share.
5. Video Equipment sales rose up sharply in 1991 but then fell in 1992 and 1993. The
decline in the camcorder market led to a further sharp drop in 1994.
6. Television sales went up in 1991 and continued to rise steadily until 1994 when
when they dropped slightly. This was in spite of the fact that sales of computer
displays and wide-screen TVs were strong.

Exercise 2
This graph shows the market share of TV channels in Britain. Complete the sentences using words and
phrases below.

rose
remainder steady by fell sharply to
of went from recovered slightly

at

Television market share


60
50
40

ITV
BBC1

30
20

BBC2

10

Channel 4

Satellite

0
1980

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

1. ITVs market share __________ _________ between 1980 and 1998.


2. It __________ __________ in 1991, but fell again in 1992.
3. Between 1980 and 1994 it decreased ________ 50% _________ about 37%.
4. In the same period, BBC1s share of the market also __________ down. It fell _______ around 5%.
5. BBC2s market share _________ ________ between 1980 and 1994. It stayed _________ about 10%.
6. Channel 4 started broadcasting in 1982. Between 82 and 94 its share __________ to around 10%.
7. Satellite channels started broadcasting in 1987 and after a slow start, they achieved a market share
__________ about 8% in 1994.

Exercise 3
A Read the three articles and match each one to the correct graph.

The Thatcher index

As politicians go, few are as unforgettable as Margaret Thatcher. Ever since she was
ousted as British Prime Minister in November 1990, her influence has lived on often to the
discomfort of her successor, John Major.
We asked a computer to count the number of times her name was mentioned in British
newspapers between the last quarter of 1990 and the first quarter of 1993. Not surprisingly, her
score dropped sharply when she lost power, falling from 5,634 in the last quarter of 1990 to 1,955 in
the first quarter of 1991, but then it held up remarkably well at or above the 1,500 level until the
middle of 1992.
Sadly for Thatcherites , it has since dropped again and her score of 1,257 in the first tree
months of 1993 was the lowest yet.

People power

People power was the slogan of the Philippine revolution in 1986, but sadly for Filipinos, the
power that boosted GPD in the late 80s seems to be fading.
However, things are not as bad as they have been in the past. In 1984 and 1985, the
Philippines experienced a major recession, with the economy shrinking at an annual rate of 8%. This
was largely due to the austerity programme forced on President Marcos by international banks.
The revolution brought about a change in the countrys fortunes and 1986 saw a growth rate
of 3% which rose steadily to 6% in 1988 and 1989. 1989 was also a good year, with a growth rate of
just under 6%, but then the second recession began. By 1991, GPD had fallen to -0,5 in the
following year.

A new dawn

This time is might be different. There have been many false dawns in the past 18 months on
Japans stock market. But the latest rally, which has seen the Nikkei average rise by over 20% from
its low point this year of 16,5500 in January, looks the most convincing so far.
This will be welcome news to investors who suffered heavy losses in 1992. At the beginning
of 1992, the Nikkei stood at 23,000 and despite four very short-lived rallies in January, February,
May and July, the index plunged to a low point of just under 14,000 at the end of August. September
saw the index rocket to over 18,000, only to slump again to 16,000 in November. From then on, the
market stabilized at around the 17,000 level and investors must be hoping that latest rise to 20,000
can be sustained.

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