KDB+ 2.3 2006.10.

09 Copyright (C) 1993-2006 Kx Systems 10/16/2006

q [f] [-p p] [-s s] [-t t] [-T T] [-o o] [-u|U u] [-w w] [-r r] [-l]

f load script (*.q), file or directory

-p port kdbc(/jdbc/odbc) http(html xml txt csv)

-s slaves for parallel execution
-t timer milliseconds
-T timeout seconds(applies to all client queries)
-o offset hours (from GMT: affects .z.Z)
-u|U usr:pwd file (if file doesn’t exist, process dies)(U=no file restrictions)
-w workspace MB limit (default: 0 unlimitied)
-r replicate from :host:port (-R sync)
-l log updates to filesystem (-L sync)
-z [0] "D" uses mm/dd/yyyy or dd/mm/yyyy
-P [7] printdigits (0:all)
-W [2] week offset (0:sat)

\a tables
\b views
\c [23 79] console height,width
\d [d] directory
\e 0|1 error trap clients
\f [d] functions
\l [f] load file (or dir:files splays parts scripts)
\o [0N] offset from gmt
\p [i] port (0 turns off)
\s [0] slaves
\t [t] timer set (or time expression) (1st fire after delay)
\u reload user-password file
\v [d] variables
\w workspace(in-use/allocated/max/mapped; max=0 => unlimited, set by -w)
\z [0] "D"$ uses mm/dd/yyyy or dd/mm/yyyy
\B invalid dependencies
\C [36 2000] browser height,width
\P [7] print digits(0-all)
\S [-314159] seed
\T [0] timeout
\W [2] week offset(sat..fri)
\cd.. o/s commands
\\ exit

char size type literal q sql java .net xmlschema

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b 1 1 0b boolean Boolean boolean boolean
x 1 4 0x0 byte Byte byte byte
h 2 5 0h short smallint Short int16 short
i 4 6 0 int int Integer int32 int
j 8 7 0j long bigint Long int64 long
e 4 8 0e real real Float single single
f 8 9 0.0 float float Double double double
c 1 10 " " char Character char
s . 11 ` symbol varchar String string string
m 4 13 2000.01m month
d 4 14 2000.01.01 date date Date date
z 8 15 dateTtime datetime timestamp Timestamp DateTime dateTime
u 4 17 00:00 minute
v 4 18 00:00:00 second
t 4 19 00:00:00.000 time time Time TimeSpan time
* 4 20.. `s$` enum
`char$data `CHAR$string

The int, float, char and symbol literal nulls are: 0N 0n " " `.
The rest use type extensions, e.g. 0Nd. No null for boolean or byte.
0Wd 0Wz 0Wt – placeholder infinite dates/times/datetimes (no math)

date.(year month week mm dd)

dict:`a`b!.. table:([]x:..;y:..) or +`x`y!..
time.(minute second mm ss) milliseconds=time mod 1000

Verb Infix Prefix

s:x gets :x idem
i+i plus +l flip
i-i minus -i neg
i*i times *l first
f%f divide %f reciprocal
a&a and &B where
a|a or |l reverse
a^a fill ^a null
a=a equal =l group
a<a less <l iasc <s(hopen)
a>a more >l idesc >i(hclose)
c$a cast s$ $a string h$a "C"$C `$C
l,l cat ,x enlist
i#l take #l count
i_l drop _a floor sc(lower)
x~x match ~a not ~s(hdelete)
l!l xkey !d key !i (s;();S):!s
A?a find ?l distinct rand([n]?bxhijefcs)
x@i at s@ @x type trap amend(:+-*%&|,)
x.l dot s. .d value .sCL trap dmend(:+-*%&|,)
A bin a;a in A;a within(a;a);sC like C
{sqrt log exp sin cos tan asin acos atan}f
last sum prd min max avg wsum wavg exit getenv

dependency::expression

Adverb
' eachboth each
/ [x]over over(:+*&|,) [x]do/while
\ [x]scan scan(:+*&|,) [x]do\while
': [x]prior prior(:-%)
/: eachright sv(i:i/:I s:`/:S C:c/:L) j:0x40/:X i:0x0/:X
\: eachleft vs(I:i\:i S:`\:s L:c\:C) X:0x40\:j X:0x0\:i

Control $[c;t;f] ?[b;t;f] if[c;..] do[n;..] while[c;..]

(:return) ('signal) @[f;x;g](trap)

comm h:<`:host:port;h"23";(-h)"a:2";>h also: h:<`:file;h 0x..

file .[`:f[/];();[:,];..] !`:d .`:d(defermap) stdout: -1".." stderr: -2".."
line f 0:L:0:f[,j,n] write/read L:w 0:L:("*BXHIJEFCSMDZUVT ";[,]delim)0:{L|f[,j,n]}
byte f 1:G:1:f[,j,n] write/read G:w 1:L:("*bxhijefcsmdzuvt "; width)1:{G|f[,j,n]}

BNF (Expressions term Noun Verb Adverb Clauses) e:nve|te| t:n|v:tA|V

n:(<[E]>E)|{<[E]>E}|t[E:E;e|[E]]|N|{exec|select|update|delete}C<by C>
from e<where C:C,e>

parse: ([f|{}];x;,`s)
t insert x
?[t;c;b;a] /select,exec
![t;c;b;a] /update,delete
parallel: dir/{date|month|year|int}/{table}/{fields}
updates can happen in background then send reset"\\l ."

.z. f(file) x(args) a(addr) h(host) u(user) w(who) s(self) zZ(gmt/local)

k(releasedate) l(license info) o(os) b(dependencies) K(version)

.z. pg[x](get) ps[x](set) po[h](open) pc[h](close) pi[x](qcon)

ph[x](http) pp[x](http post) ts[z](timer) vs[v;i](set) pw[u;p] (validate)

abs aj all and any asc asof

attr ceiling cols cor count cov cross
csv cut deltas desc dev differ distinct
each enlist except fby fills first flip
floor get group gtime hclose hcount hdel
hopen hsym iasc idesc inter inv key
keys lj load lower lsq ltime mavg
maxs mcount md5 mdev med meta mins
mmax mmin mmu mod msum neg next
not null or peach pj prds prev
rand rank ratios raze read0 read1 reciprocal
reverse rload rotate rsave save set show
signum ssr string sublist sums sv system
tables til trim txf type uj ungroup
union upper upsert value var view views
vs where xasc xcol xcols xdesc xexp
xgroup xkey xlog xprev xrank

acos asin atan avg bin by cos

delete do exec exit exp from getenv
in insert last like log max min
prd select sin sqrt ss sum tan
update wavg where while within wsum xbar

boolean byte char date datetime dd float

hh int long minute mm month real
second short ss symbol time week year

types
20+ userenums 105 composition
98 table 106 f'
99 dict 107 f/
100 lambda 108 f\
101 unary prim 109 f':
102 binary prim 110 f/:
103 ternary(operator) 111 f\:
104 projection 112 dynamic load

-1!`symbol - returns `:symbol (hsym)

-2!x - returns attributes of x (attr)
-3!x - returns string representation of x (.Q.s1)
-5!x – returns parse tree for string x (-5!"select from a") (parse)
-6!x – execute parse tree (-6!-5!"select from a") (eval)
-7!`:file - returns size of file in bytes (hcount)
-8!x - returns byte representation of x
-9!x - returns x from byte representation
-11!`:file - streaming execute
-12!x - .Q.host
-13!x - .Q.addr
-15!x (md5)
abs:{x|-x}
aj:{.Q.ft[{.Q.fl[y]z 2:(x,())#y}[x;;z]]y}
all:&/
and:&
any:|/
asc:{$[99h=@x;(!x)[i]!`s#r i:<r:. x;`s#x@<x]}
asof:2:
attr:-2!
ceiling:-_-:
cols:{$[.Q.qp x:.Q.v x;.Q.pf,!+x;98h=@x;!+x;11h=@!x;!x;!+0!x]}
cor:{cov[x;y]%dev[x]*dev y}
count:#:
cov:{avg[x*y]-avg[x]*avg y:"f"$y}
cross:{n:#m:&(#x)##y;$[99=@x;((!x)[m],'n#!y)!(. x)[m],'n#. y;x[m],'n#y]}
csv:","
cut:{$[0>@x;x*!-_-(#y)%x;x]_y}
deltas:-':
desc:{$[99h=@x;(!x)[i]!r i:>r:. x;x@>x]}
dev:{sqrt var x}
differ:~~':
distinct:?:
each:{x'y}
enlist:,:
except:{x@&~x in y}
fby:{$[#y;(x[0]'x[1]@=y)y;0#x[0]x 1]}
fills:^\
first:*:
flip:+:
floor:_:
get:.:
group:=:
gtime: {t+x-%t:x+x-%x}
hclose:>:
hcount:-7!
hdel:~:
hopen:<:
hsym:-1!
iasc:<:
idesc:>:
inter:{x@&x in y}
inv:!:
key:!:
keys:{$[98h=@x:.Q.v x;0#`;!+!x]}
lj:{.Q.ft[{.Q.fl[x]y(!+!y)#x}[;y]]x}
load:{$[1=#p:`\:*|`\:x:-1!x;set[*p;. x];set[*p].h.xt[p 1]@0:x]}'
lower:_:
lsq:!
ltime:%:
mavg:{msum[x;0.0^y]%mcount[x;y]}
maxs:|\
mcount:{msum[x;~^y]}
mdev:{sqrt mavg[x;y*y]-m*m:mavg[x;y]}
med:{.5*+/x(<x)@_.5*-1 0+#x}
meta:{1!+`c`t`f`a!$[p;(v;.Q.ty@. v:.Q.pf;`;`s),';](,c),
+((.Q.ty;{$[(20>t)|77<t:@x;`;!x]};-2!)@\:x@)'c:!+x:
$[p:.Q.qp x:.Q.v x;.Q.d0[].(.+x),`;0!x]}
md5:-15!
mins:&\
mmax: {(x-1)|':/y}
mmin: {(x-1)&':/y}
mmu:$
mod:{x-y xbar x}
msum:{y-(-x)_(x#0**y),y:+\y}
neg:-:
next:{1_x,,x 0N}
not:~:
null:^:
or:|
peach:{x':y}
pj:{.Q.ft[{x+0^y(!+!y)#x}[;y]]x}
prds:*\
prev: :':
rand:{$[0>@x;?x;x@?#x]}
rank:<<:
ratios:%':
raze:,/
read0:0::
read1:1::
reciprocal:%:
reverse:|:
rload:{x:-1!x;.[*|`\:x;();:;.`/:x,`]}'
rotate:{,/|(0;mod[x;#y])_y}
rsave:{x:-1!x;.[`/:x,`;();:;.*|`\:x]}'
save:{$[1=#p:`\:*|`\:x:-1!x;set[x;. *p]; x 0:.h.tx[p 1]@.*p]}'
set:.[;();:;]
show:{-1 .Q.s x;}
signum:{(x>0)-x<0}
ssr:{,/@[x;1+2*!_.5*#x:(0,/(0,+/~+\(>':"["=y)-<':("]"=y))+/:x ss y)_x;$[100>@z;:[;z];z]]}
string:$:
sublist:{$[99h=@y;sublist[x;!y]!sublist[x;. y];~0>@x;y i+!"i"$x[1]&(#y)-
i:*x;abs[x]<#y;x#y;y]}
sums:+\
sv:{x/:y}
system:value"\\",
tables:{."\\a ",$x}
til:{if[~-6=@x;'`type];!x}
trim:$`$
txf:{x[$[|/0>@:'y;::;+:]k!y:$[1=#k:!+!x;,y;y];z]} /deprecated; use t[([]x);f]
type:@:
uj:{f:{$[&/(!+y)in f:!+x;x;x,'(f_y)(#x)#0N]};$[98h=@x;x,(!+x:f[x;y])#f[y;x]
(a,b c)!+.[x;i;:;((x:+uj[. x;d c:&~c]). i:(!+d;i j)).Q.fl'.+(d:. y)j:&c:(#a)>i:(a:!
x)?b:!y]]}
ungroup:{$[#x;@[,/+:'x;*!+x:0!x;`p#];0!x]}
union:?,
upper:{"c"$@[!256;97+!26;-;32]x}
upsert:.[;();,;]
value:.:
var:{avg[x*x]-avg[x]*avg x:"f"$x}
view:{*|.`. x}
views:{."\\b ",$x}
vs:{x\:y}
where:&:
xasc:{.Q.ft[@[;*x;`s#]].Q.ord[<:;x]y}
xcol:{.Q.ft[{+(x,(#x)_!y)!. y:+y}[x]]y}
xcols:{(x,f@&~(f:cols y)in x)#y}
xdesc:{.Q.ord[>:;x]y}
xexp:{exp y*log x}
xgroup:{x,:();a:x#y;$[#x_:y;+:'x@=a;a!+f!(#f:!+x)#()]}
xkey:{(#x)!.[0!y;();xcols[x]]}
xlog:{(log y)%log x}
xprev:{(x#0#y),(-x)_y}
xrank: {_ y*x%#y:<<y}