Scribd
Upload
90 views

Labs:Diagnostics

This document provides normal reference ranges for numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine lab values. It includes values for intracranial pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, cerebral perfusion pressure, and other neurological indicators. For the cardiovascular system, it lists normal ranges for measurements like central venous pressure, pulmonary pressures, cardiac output, and cardiac enzymes. The gastrointestinal section outlines liver enzymes, bilirubin, albumin and other measures. Electrolytes, blood counts, coagulation factors and arterial blood gases are presented for the renal and hematological systems. Reproductive, thyroid and diabetes indicators are also referenced.

Uploaded by

lpirman05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views

Labs:Diagnostics

This document provides normal reference ranges for numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine lab values. It includes values for intracranial pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, cerebral perfusion pressure, and other neurological indicators. For the cardiovascular system, it lists normal ranges for measurements like central venous pressure, pulmonary pressures, cardiac output, and cardiac enzymes. The gastrointestinal section outlines liver enzymes, bilirubin, albumin and other measures. Electrolytes, blood counts, coagulation factors and arterial blood gases are presented for the renal and hematological systems. Reproductive, thyroid and diabetes indicators are also referenced.

Uploaded by

lpirman05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM

INTERCRANIAL PRESSURE (ICP): 10-15 mmHg

GLASCOW COMA SCALE (GCS):


o Best possible: 15
o Less than 8 severe head injury, Coma
o 9-12 moderate head injury
o greater than 13 minor head trauma

CEREBRAL PERFUSION PRESSURE (CPP): Maintain above 70-80 mmHg


o :
o

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP): 10-21 mmHg


o : Glaucoma
o

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Normal values of Hemodynamic Readings:

Central venous pressure (CVP): 1-8 mmHg


o
o

Pulmonary artery systolic (PAS): 15-26 mmHg


o
o

Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD): 5-15 mmHg

o
o

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP): 4-12 mmHg


o
o

Cardiac Output (CO): 4-6 l/min


o
o

Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation (SvO2): 60-80%


o
o

Sufficient ventricular functioN


o Ejection fraction greater than 40-50%
o Heart Failure ejection fraction below 40%

CARDIAC ENZYMES
Creatine Kinase MB Isoenzyme (CK-MB)
o 0% of total CK (30-170 units/L)
o More sensitive to myocardium
o Elevated levels three days
o First detectable follow myocardial injury 4-6 hrs
o
o

TROPONIN T: <0.2 ng/L


o Elevated levels 14-21 days
o First detectable 3-5 hours following MYOCARDIAL INJURY
o
o

TROPONIN I: <0.03 ng/L


o ELEVATED LEVELS 7-10 days
o First detectable 3 hours following MI
o
o

MYOGLOBIN: <90 MCG/L

o
o
o
o

ELEVATED 24 hours
First detectable 2 hours following mi

CHOLESTEROL
o <200 mg/dl
o screening test for heart disease
o
o

HDL Good cholesterol


o Females: 35-80 mg/dl
o Males: 35-65 mg/dl
o Produced by liver

LDL Bad cholesterol


o <130 mg/dl
o Can be up to 70% total cholesterol

Triglycerides
o <150 mg/dl
o Evaluating test for arthrosclerosis

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Asparte aminotransferase (AST): 5-40 units/:


o : hepatitis, cirrhosis
o

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT):


o 8-20 units/l
o 3-35 iu/l
o : hepatitis, cirrhosis
o

alkaline phosphatase (ALP)


o 42-128 units/l

o 30-85 iu/l
o : Liver damage
o

Amylase: 56-90 IU/L


o : Pancreatitis
o

lipase: 0-110 units/l


o : Pancreatitis
o

Total bilirubin: 0-10 mg/dl


o : Altered liver function, bile duct obstruction, or other hepatobiliary
disorder
o

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin: 0.3 mg/dl


o : Altered liver function, bile duct obstruction, or other hepatobiliary
disorder
o

indirect (conjugated) bilirubin: 0.1-1.0 mg/dl


o : Altered liver function, bile duct obstruction, or other hepatobiliary
disorder
o

Albumin: 3.5-5.0 g/dl


o
o : Hepatic disease

Alphafetoprotein <40 mcg/L


o : Liver cancer
o

Ammonia: 15-110 mg/dl


o : Liver Disease
o

SERUM BUN: 10-20 mg/dl


o
o

creatinine

o
o
o
o

M: 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
F: 0.5-1.1 mg/L

Creatinine clearance
o M: 90-139 ml/min/m2
o F: 80-125 ml/min/m2
o
o
24 hour urine creatinine clearance: 80-140 ml/min

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM

BLOOD TYPE
A
B
AB
O

BLOOD
ANTIGEN
A
B
AB
NONE

COMPATIBILITY
ANTIBODIES
AGAINST
B
A
NONE
A, B

ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES (ABGS):


PH: 7.35-7.45
o Amount of free hydrogen ions in arterial blood
Pac02: 80-100 mmhg
o Partial pressure of O2
PaCo2: 35-45 mmHg
o Partial Pressure of CO2
HCO3-: 22-26 mEq/L
o Concentration of Bicarbonate in arterial blood
SaO2: 95-100%
o <90% Hypoxemia

ELECTROLYTES
Sodium: 136-145 meq/L
o

COMPATIBLE
WITH
A, O
B, O
A, B, AB, O
O

Potassium: 3.5-5.0 meq/L


o
o

Chloride: 98-106 meq/L


o
o

Calcium: 9.0-10.5 Mg/DL


o
o

Magnesium: 1.3-2.1 meq/L


o
o

Phosphorus: 3.5-4.5 mg/dl


o
o

Blood diagnostic Procedures

Serum RBC
o M: 4.7-6.1 mil/ul
o F: 4.2-5.4 mil/ul
o :
o : Anemia

SERUM WBC: 5, 000-10,000/uL


o : Infection
o : Immunosuppresion

MCV: 80-95 mm3


o : Microlytic (large) cells, Possible Anemia
o : Microlytic (small) cells, Possible Iron Deficiency Anemia

MCH: 27-31 pg/cell


o Same as above; except MCH measures amount of hgb by weight per rbc

TIBC: 250-460 mcg/dl


o : Iron deficiency
o : Anemia, Hemolysis, Hemorrhage

Iron
o
o
o
o

M: 80-180 mcg/dl
F: 60-160 mcg/dl
: Hemochromatosis, iron excess, liver disorder, megoblastic anemia
: Iron deficiency anemia, hemorrhage

Platelets
o 150,000-400,000 mm3
o : malignancy or polycthemia vera
o : Autoimmune disease, bone marrow suppression, enlarged spleen

Hemoglobin (hgb)
o M: 14-18 g/dl
o F: 12-16 g/Dl
o :
o :

Hematocrit (Hct)
o M: 42-52%
o F: 37-47%
o
o

PT: 11-12.5s
o 85-100%; 1:1 CLIENT CONTROL RATIO
o : EVIDENCE OF DEFICIENCY OR CLOTTING
o : Evidence of Vit K Excess

aPTT: 1.5-2 times normal range of 30-40s


o (desired range for anticoagulants)
o measures intrinsic clotting factors

o monitored for heparin therapy


o Hemophilia, DIC, Liver Disease
o

INR: 2-3 on Warfarin therapy


o Measures mean of PT
o Monitored for warfarin (Coumadin) therapy
o
o

D-Dimer:
o
o
o
o
o

0.43-2.33 mcg/ml
0-250 ng/dl
measures hypercoagulability of blood
: Clot formation

FIBRINOGEN LEVELS: 170-340 mg/dl


o Reflects available fibrogen for clotting
o
o : decreased ability to clot

Fibrin degradation products: <10mcg/ml


o Monitors efficacy of meds for dic
o : Clot dissolving activity (fibrinolysis) occuring
o

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC):


o <2,000/mm3: Increased risk of infection
o <500/mm3: severe infection

White Blood Cells

Neutrophils: 55-75%
o : acute bacterial infections, fungal infections
o : sepsis, radiation therapy, aplitic anemia, chemotherapy, influenza

lymphocytes (t cells & B cells): 20-40%


o T lymphocytes: cell mediated immunity
o B lymphocytes: humoral immunity

o : Chronic bacterial or viral infection, viruses (mononucleosis, mumps,


measles), bacteria (hepatitis), lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myelomA
o : leukemia, sepsis

monocytes 2-8%
o : chronic inflammation, protozoal infections, tb, viral infections
(mononucleosis, mumps, measles)
o : corticosteroids

Eosinophils: 1-4%
o : allergic reaction, parasitic infections, chronic inflammation, hodgkins
o : Stress, corticosteroids
Basophils: 0.5-1.1%
o : leukemia
o : acute allergic/hypersensitivity, hyperthyroidism
HIV
o Stage 1
Cd4 & T lymphocyte count 500 cells/meq/l or more
Cd4 & t lymphocyte % of total lymphocytes 29 or more
o Stage 2
1 or more infections of stage 3
Cd4 & T lymphocyte count 200-499 cells/meq/l
Cd4 & t lymphocyte % of total lymphocytes 14-28

o Stage 3 (AIDS)
Candidiasis of esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs
Cd4 & T lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/meq/l
Cd4 & t lymphocyte % of total lymphocytes less than 14

URINARY SYSTEM

Serum ADH: 0-4.7 pg/ML


o : SIADH
o
o patient education:
fast & avoid stress 12 hrs prior to test
some meds may interfere with test
blood is drawn and transported to lab within 10 mins

Urine electrolytes & Osmolarity


o Urine sodium: 75-200 meq/day

o Urine potassium: 26-123 meq/day (intake dependent)


o Urine chloride: 110-250 meq/24 hour
o Urine osmolarity: 250-900 mosm/kg

Urine specific gravity: 1.003-1.030


o A increase in urine output and an increase in urine specific gravity occur as
a result of excess adh production
o Usually performed in lab, but can be done on a clinical unit using calibrated
hydrometer or temperature compensated refractometer
o
o

Plasma cortisol
o Test varies according to time of day. Since has diurnal pattern, increased
levels are present early in the morning, and lowest levels occur around
midnight, or 3-5 hrs after onset of sleep
o
o

Salivary cortisol
o <2.0 ng/ml
o Typical value at midnight
o
o

Urinary cortisol
o : hypercortisolism
o

Serum acth
o Typically early morning values are from 25-200 pg/ml
o Early evening values 0-50 pg/ml
o : addisons
o : Cushings
o
ACth stimulation test
o If no increase in cortisol occurs after acth administration, test is + for
addisons or hypocortisolism
o
o

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PSA: 2-4 ng/ml


o : Prostatic cancer
o
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Fasting blood glucose: <110 mg/dl


o Test done to determine patients bgm when no fluids or foods (other than
water) have been consumed for past 8 hours
o Ensure patient has fasted 8 hours prior to blood draw
o Antidiabetic meds postponed until Q level drawn

Oral glucose tolerance test: <140 mg/dl


o Test done to determine patients ability to metabolize a standard amount of
glucose
o Patient must consume balanced diet for 3 days prior to test and fast for the
10-12 hours prior to test
o Fasting bgm is drawn at the start
o Bgm levels drawn at 30 mins for 2 hours
o Assess for hypoglycemia

Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba1c) j


o 5% or less absence of DM
o 5.7-6.4% prediabetes mellitus
o 6.5 or greater DM
o **Best indicator of average bgm levels for past 120 days
o
o

T3: 70-205 ng/dl


o Low and high levels each indicate hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
o More indicative than T4 of hyperthyroidism
o
o

T4: 4.0-12.0 mcg/dl


o Low and high levels each indicate hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
o
o

TSH: 0.4-6.15 microunits/ml


o Stimulates release of thyroid hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
o
o

TRH
o Relative to baseline
o
o

RAIU
o
o
o
o
o

35% of injected amount of radioactive iodine (123I)


measures amount of 123 I absorbed by thyroid gland
patients with hyperthyroidism absorb high amounts (>35%) of 123 I

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy