LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

Lower Secondary Science

Name: _____________________________ ( ) Date: _________________

Class: ___________

1. What is matter?

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Chapter objectives: At the end of the chapter, you are able to...

• Classify changes involving matter as physical changes and chemical changes

• Describe a chemical change as a process leading to the formation of new products

• Describe the different types of reactions such as combustion, thermal decomposition and oxidation

• Use word equations to represent chemical reactions

• Investigate changes that matter undergoes through:

- mixing

- heating

- exposure to light

- passing of an electric current

• Discuss the social issues of pollutants in the environment

3. Physical and chemical changes

Physical Chemical

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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

Examples of physical changes:

_____________________________________________________________________________

Examples of chemical changes:

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Changes due to heat

Physical changes due to heat include:

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

Chemical changes due to heat involve ____________ ____________. A reaction that gives out heat is

known as an ____________ reaction, and a reaction that takes in heat is known as an ____________

reaction.

Remembering:

Gives out heat Takes in heat

Chemical reactions involving heat include:

• _____________________________________

• _____________________________________

• _____________________________________
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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

Chemical reactions involving heat

Combination

• Using heat to combine two or more substances together

• New substance is formed

• Chemical change can be represented by a word equation (formation of iron sulphide):

Thermal decomposition

• Using heat to decompose (break up) a substance into two or more simpler ones

• Simpler substances are formed

• Chemical change can be represented by a word equation (decomposition of sugar):

Combustion

• Combining with heat and oxygen

• New substances are formed

• Sometimes heat and light are given off

• Chemical change can be represented by a word equation (combustion of charcoal/carbon):

Summary

Combination Thermal decomposition Combustion

involves

produces

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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

5. Changes due to light

Physical changes due to light include:

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

____________ is the process whereby plants absorb light energy to produce food glucose.

Word equation:

In ____________, the coating on the film contains ____________ ____________, which is

____________ ____________. Exposure to light ____________ the chemical, producing

____________ ____________ on the film. The greater the exposure to light, the ____________ the

areas on the film.

Summary

involves

produces

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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

6. Changes due to electricity

Changes due to electricity include:

• Physical change: ______________________________________________________________

• Chemical change: _____________________________________________________________

Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to separate or ____________ substances. Example:

decomposition of copper chloride. Word equation:

Other uses of electrolysis:

• Used to produce

• _______________________________________________________________________

• _______________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

Chemical changes can produce electricity, and that happens in ____________ ____________.

Summary

electrolysis electroplating generating electricity

involves

produces

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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

7. Changes due to mixing

Physical changes due to mixing include:

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

Chemical changes due to mixing include:

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

Summary

acid + metal acid + carbonate acid + alkali

observation

produces

8. Particulate model for chemical changes

• Particulate model allows us to use particles (atoms, molecules) to explain

• Can be explained by stating the

• ____________

• ____________

• ____________

• of particles

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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

9. Pollution

source

effects

10.Global warming

It is caused by the excessive burning of fuels which leads to the excessive release of carbon dioxide into

the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is a ____________ ____________, which means that it traps heat

from the sun. As the amount of carbon dioxide increases, the amount of trapped heat increases as well,

leading to global warming.

Effects of global warming

• __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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 LSS F5: Changing Matter Notes

Ways to stop / slow down global warming

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

6. ________________________________________________________________________

Summary

If we do not stop global warming Ways to take care of the earth