Asset LTE - Slides - Robi

Asset Tool User for LTE
by Ishan Marwah
1
2012 AIRCOM International Ltd
LTE Frequency Bands
LTE Frequency Bands

Supported Channels (non-overlapping)
E-UTRA
Band
*
X
-
Downlink
Bandwidth
Channel Bandwidth (MHZ)
1.4
3
1
60
2
60
42
20
3
75
53
23
4
45
32
15
5
25
17
8
6
10
7
70
25
8
35
11
9
35
10
60
11
25
12
18
12
6
13
10
7
3
14
10
7
3
...
33
20
34
15
35
60
42
20
36
60
42
20
37
20
38
50
39
40
40
100
UE receiver sensitivity can be relaxed
Channel bandwidth too wide for the band
Not supported
5
12
12
15
9
5
2
14
7
7
12
5
3*
2*
2*
10
6
6
7
4
2*
1*
7
3*
3
6
2*
1*
1*
1*
15
4
4*
5*
3
X
4
2*
4
1*
X
X
20
3
3*
3*
2
X
3*
1*
3
1*
X
X
X
4
3
12
12
4
10
8
-
2
1
6
6
2
5
4
10
1
1
4
4
1
3
6
1
X
3
3
1
2
5
LTE Frequency Bands
E-UTRA
Band
Bandwidth
UL (MHz)
E-ARFCN
UL
Bandwidth
DL (MHz)
E-ARFCN
DL
Duplex
Mode
1920-1980
13000 13599
2110-2170
0 599
FDD
1850-1910
13600 14199
1930-1990
600 - 1199
FDD
1710-1785
14200 14949
1805-1880
1200 1949
FDD
1710-1755
14950 15399
2110-2155
1950 2399
FDD
824-849
15400 15649
869-894
2400 2649
FDD
830-840
15650 15749
875-885
2650 2749
FDD
2500-2570
15750 16449
2620-2690
2750 3449
FDD
880-915
16450 16799
925-960
3450 3799
FDD
1749.9-1784.9
16800 17149
1844.9-1879.9
3800 4149
FDD
10
1710-1770
17150 17749
2110-2170
4150 4749
FDD
11
1427.9-1452.9
17750 17999
1475.9-1500.9
4750 4999
FDD
12
698-716
18000 18179
728-746
5000 5179
FDD
13
777-787
18180 18279
746-756
5180 5279
FDD
14
788-798
18280 18379
758-768
5280 5379
FDD
...
33
1900-1920
26000 26199
1900-1920
26000 26199
TDD
34
2010-2025
26200 26349
2010-2025
26200 26349
TDD
35
1850-1910
26350 26949
1850-1910
26350 26949
TDD
36
1930-1990
26950 27549
1930-1990
26950 27549
TDD
37
1910-1930
27550 27749
1910-1930
27550 27749
TDD
38
2570-2620
27750 28249
2570-2620
27750 28249
TDD
39
1880-1920
28250 28649
1880-1920
28250 28649
TDD
40
2300-2400
28650 29649
2300-2400
28650 29649
TDD
Frame Structures
LTE Frame Structure
Frame Structures -TDD
19
10 ms
Frame Structures -TDD
Frame Structures -FDD
10 ms
0
One Sub-frame = 1 mS
9
19
In half-duplex FDD operation, the UE
cannot transmit and receive at the same
time, while there are no such restrictions in
full-duplex FDD
Frame Structures - FDD
10
LTE Carriers
11
LTE Carriers
E-UTRA
Band
Since the appropriate LTE Frequency

Band and LTE Frame Structure have
been selected or defined then the
Carriers can be defined
*
X
-
12
Downlink
Bandwidth
1.4
3
1
60
2
60
42
20
3
75
53
23
4
45
32
15
5
25
17
8
6
10
7
70
25
8
35
11
9
35
10
60
11
25
12
18
12
6
13
10
7
3
14
10
7
3
...
33
20
34
15
35
60
42
20
36
60
42
20
37
20
38
50
39
40
40
100
Not supported
5
12
12
15
9
5
2
14
7
7
12
5
3*
2*
2*
10
6
6
7
4
2*
1*
7
3*
3
6
2*
1*
1*
1*
15
4
4*
5*
3
X
4
2*
4
1*
X
X
20
3
3*
3*
2
X
3*
1*
3
1*
X
X
X
4
3
12
12
4
10
8
-
2
1
6
6
2
5
4
10
1
1
4
4
1
3
6
1
X
3
3
1
2
5
Bandwidth
(MHz)
1.4
10
15
20
# of RBs
15
25
50
75
100
Subcarriers
72
180 300 600 900 1200

LTE Carriers
E-UTRA
Band
Since the appropriate LTE Frequency

Band and LTE Frame Structure have
been selected or defined then the
Carriers can be defined
*
X
-
Assign Carrier to Frequency Band
13
Downlink
Bandwidth
1.4
3
1
60
2
60
42
20
3
75
53
23
4
45
32
15
5
25
17
8
6
10
7
70
25
8
35
11
9
35
10
60
11
25
12
18
12
6
13
10
7
3
14
10
7
3
...
33
20
34
15
35
60
42
20
36
60
42
20
37
20
38
50
39
40
40
100
Not supported
5
12
12
15
9
5
2
14
7
7
12
5
3*
2*
2*
10
6
6
7
4
2*
1*
7
3*
3
6
2*
1*
1*
1*
15
4
4*
5*
3
X
4
2*
4
1*
X
X
20
3
3*
3*
2
X
3*
1*
3
1*
X
X
X
4
3
12
12
4
10
8
-
2
1
6
6
2
5
4
10
1
1
4
4
1
3
6
1
X
3
3
1
2
5
Bandwidth
(MHz)
1.4
10
15
20
# of RBs
15
25
50
75
100
Subcarriers
72
180
300
600
900
1200
LTE Carriers
14
LTE Carriers
15
LTE Carriers
16
E-UTRA
Band
Bandwidth
UL (MHz)
E-ARFCN
UL
Bandwidth
DL (MHz)
E-ARFCN
DL
Duplex
Mode
1920-1980
13000 13599
2110-2170
0 599
FDD
LTE Carriers
10mhz
10
Mhz
17
LTE - Carriers
Bandwidth (MHz)
# of RBs
Subcarriers
18
1.4
6
72
3
15
180
5
25
300
10
50
600
15
75
900
20
100
1200
LTE Carriers
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
19
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
LTE Carriers
R
1
R0
R
1
R0
R0
R
1
R0
R
1
R
1
R0
R
1
R0
R0
R
1
R0
R
1
Configuration of
Carrier- 2 antenna
20
Configuration of Carrier - 1 Antenna
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
Specific pre-defined resource elements (indicated

by R0-3 in in the time-frequency domain) are
carrying the cell-specific reference signal
sequence.
21
Downlink reference
signal structure
The downlink reference
signal structure is
important for channel
estimation.
The principle of the
downlink reference
signal structure for 1
antenna.
Ref Signal TX1 = 8 for
15Khz spacing
Configuration of Carrier- 2 Antennas
R1
R0
R0
R1
R1
R1
R0
R1
R1
R0
R0
R0
R1
R0
R0
R1
Downlink reference
signal structure
The downlink
reference signal
structure is important
for channel estimation.
downlink reference
antenna.
Ref Signal TX2= 16 for
15Khz spacing
Specific pre-defined resource elements (indicated by

R0-3 in in the time-frequency domain) are carrying
the cell-specific reference signal sequence.
22
R1
R0
R0
R2
R1
R1
R1
R1
R2
R1
R0
R1
R0
R0
R0
R2
R2
R0
R0
R1

23
Downlink reference
signal structure
The downlink
reference signal
structure is important
for channel
estimation.
downlink reference
antenna.
Ref Signal TX3= 20
for 15Khz spacing
R1
R0
R3
R2
R0
R1
R1 R3
R1
R2
R0
R3
R1
R2
R0
R0
R2
R1
R0
R1
R0
R0
R3
R1
Downlink reference
signal structure
The downlink reference
signal structure is
important for channel
estimation.
downlink reference
antenna.
Ref Signal TX3= 20 for
15Khz spacing

24
Type1-DL Frame
25
FDD Frame Structures UL

Type1-FDD- Uplink
UL Control Channel
PUCCH transmission in one subframe is compromised of
single PRB at or near one edge of the system bandwidth
followed by a second PRB at or near the opposite edge of
the bandwidth
PUCCH regions depends on the system bandwidth. Typical
values are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 for 1.4, 3, 5, 10 and 20 MHz
UL Signals(S-RS & DM RS)
S-RS estimates the channel quality required for the UL
frequency-selective scheduling and transmitted on 1 symbol
in each subframe
DM-RS is associated with the transmission of UL data on
the PUSCH and\or control signalling on the PUCCH
Mainly used for channel estimation for coherent
demodulation
Transmitted on 2 symbols in each subframe
26
Type1 - UL Frame
27
Setting the Overhead Parameters

After you have set the frequency parameters in the LTE Carriers dialog box,
you can set the parameters on the Overhead tab. This tab enables you to
define the associated fixed and variable signalling and control channel
overhead of each carrier.
LTE Frames are two-dimensional (time and frequency) entities, containing
various signalling and control channels. Each of these signals/channels

occupy a certain amount of Resource Elements (REs) in both the uplink and
downlink. In the downlink, the amount of occupied resources for certain
channels also depends on the number of transmit antennas deployed.
28
Site Data Base
29
ECGI
30
Bearers
31
LTE Bearers
32
LTE Bearers
Downlink
The Default Uplink and

Downlink LTE bearers
are defined per CQI
providing 15 DL
bearers and 4 UL
bearers.
Uplink
CQI is a report sent

from the UE to the
eNodeB suggesting
the appropriate
Modulation and
Coding to be used by
the eNodeB.
33
Channel Quality Indicator Reporting

Each default Bearers has
Control & Traffic SINR
requirements according to
PDSCH
PUSCH
PUCCH
CQI Report
The UE may not have
PUSCH resources
34
CQI
Modulation
Actual
coding rate
Required
SINR
QPSK
0.07618
-4.46
QPSK
0.11719
-3.75
QPSK
0.18848
-2.55
QPSK
308/1024
-1.15
QPSK
449/1024
1.75
QPSK
602/1024
3.65
16QAM
378/1024
5.2
16QAM
490/1024
6.1
16QAM
616/1024
7.55
10
64QAM
466/1024
10.85
11
64QAM
567/1024
11.55
12
64QAM
666/1024
12.75
13
64QAM
772/1024
14.55
14
64QAM
873/1024
18.15
15
64QAM
948/1024
19.25
Channel Quality Indicator Reporting

15 Default
Bearers
35
CQI
Modulation
Actual
coding rate
Required
SINR
QPSK
0.07618
-4.46
QPSK
0.11719
-3.75
QPSK
0.18848
-2.55
QPSK
308/1024
-1.15
QPSK
449/1024
1.75
QPSK
602/1024
3.65
16QAM
378/1024
5.2
16QAM
490/1024
6.1
16QAM
616/1024
7.55
10
64QAM
466/1024
10.85
11
64QAM
567/1024
11.55
12
64QAM
666/1024
12.75
13
64QAM
772/1024
14.55
14
64QAM
873/1024
18.15
15
64QAM
948/1024
19.25
Bearers
S is the average
received signal
power, I is the
average interference
power, and N is the
noise power.
36
TDD
37
TDD
38
Uplink Bearers
39
Uplink
UL 64QAM
40
Uplink
UL 64QAM
SINR=+12.75
UL 16QAM
41
Uplink
42
Limiting the Service Area
43
Limiting Service area to 1Km
44
MIMO
45
Single User MIMO Principle

4 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing
Here the UE reports both the RI and index of the preferred pre-coding matrix.
Spatial Multiplexing does

increase throughput but
this comes at an expense
of higher SINR
requirements as shown on
the LTE bearers
Rank Indicator (RI) is the UEs recommendation for the number of layers, i.e.
streams to be used in spatial multiplexing. RI is only reported when the UE is
operating in MIMO modes with spatial multiplexing
46
Multi User MIMO

MU-MIMO is used to
increase the cells
throughput.
This is achieved by
co-scheduling
terminals on the same
Resource Blocks.
Spatial Multiplexing does increase throughput but this comes at the

expense of higher SINR requirements, as shown on the LTE bearers
47
Multi User MIMO

Applying MU-MIMO
will make no obvious
changes to a network
unless it is overloaded
In order for MU-MIMO
to be used, there is a
higher Traffic &
Control SINR
requirement defined
Spatial Multiplexing does increase throughput but this comes at the

expense of higher SINR requirements, as shown on the LTE bearers
48
MU-MIMO
MU-MIMO increases cell throughput and number of terminals

49
Single User MIMO Principle

Spatial Multiplexing
does increase
throughput but this
comes at the
expense of higher
SINR requirements
as shown on the
LTE bearers
SU-MIMO
SU-MIMO Tx Diversity
This is the coverage area

for SU-MIMO
+22dB
50
Roughly speaking, Diversity is used to

improve coverage
DLRS SNR
51
How AAS Support Affects Simulations

Cell in Site Database
(AAS Settings tab)
Look-Up Table
(Tab Name)
SU-MIMO - Diversity
(downlink)
SU-MIMO - Diversity
(uplink)
SU-MIMO - Multiplexing
(downlink)
DL SD SINR
Adjustment
UL SD SINR
Adjustment
DL SM Rate Gain
DL SD SINR
Adjustment
UL SD SINR
Adjustment
DL SM Rate Gain
Adjustment
DL SM SINR Offsets
SINR Delta for SUMIMO
Required SINR is adjusted by the

specified delta value.*
UL SM Rate Gain
UL SM Rate Gain
Adjustment
Achievable User Data Rate is multiplied

by the corresponding table value.*
UL SM SINR Offsets
DL MU-MIMO SINR
Offsets and
SU-MIMO - Multiplexing
(uplink)
SU-MIMO - Adaptive
Switching (uplink and/or
downlink)**
MU-MIMO (uplink and/or
downlink)**
Clutter Parameters MIMO SINR Delta

(Column name)
Offset on Bearer
Required DL SINR is divided by the

corresponding table value.*
Required UL SINR is divided by the
corresponding table value.*
Achievable User Data Rate is multiplied
by the corresponding table value.*
SINR Delta for SURequired SINR is adjusted by the

MIMO
specified delta value.*
All or any of the above, depending on channel conditions, and/or the cell-specific thresholds, if enabled.
UL MU-MIMO SINR
Offsets
52
How a Simulation of Network

Performance is Affected
SINR Delta for MUMIMO
The number of served terminals is

increased by the factor specified in the
Average Co-scheduled Terminals.
Also, Required SINR is adjusted by the
specified delta value on the bearer.*
Order of AAS Modes in the Simulator

AAS Modes Enabled
53
Sequence Attempted by
Simulator
Sequence Attempted by Simulator if Cell-specific MIMO

Threshold(s) are Enabled
SU-MIMO Adaptive
Switching
1. SU-MIMO Multiplexing
If Adaptive SU-MIMO RS SNR threshold is enabled:
2. SU-MIMO Diversity
SU-MIMO Multiplexing is employed above the threshold, and

then SU-MIMO Diversity below the threshold.
SU-MIMO Diversity and

MU-MIMO
1. MU-MIMO
If MU-MIMO RS SNR threshold is enabled:
MU-MIMO is employed above the threshold, and then SUMIMO Diversity below the threshold.
SU-MIMO Multiplexing
and MU-MIMO
If MU-MIMO RS SNR threshold is enabled:
2. MU-MIMO
SU-MIMO Multiplexing is employed above the threshold, and

then MU-MIMO below the threshold.
SU-MIMO Adaptive
Switching and
MU-MIMO
If Adaptive SU-MIMO RS SNR and MU-MIMO RS SNR

thresholds are enabled:
2. MU-MIMO
Initially, SU-MIMO Multiplexing is employed above the

Adaptive SU-MIMO RS SNR threshold, then MU-MIMO is
employed above the MU-MIMO RS SNR threshold, and
finally SU-MIMO Diversity is employed.
AAS Settings in Site DB
54
Enabling AAS Support for LTE Cells

MU-MIMO Support
This is an example of the MU-MIMO settings:
For the downlink and/or uplink, you can set the Average
Co-scheduled Terminals, a factor that can increase the
number of served terminals.
55
How do we set this up in ASSET?
56
Bearers - LTE Parameters
Above this threshold

switch to SU-MIMO
If enabled
Below this threshold
switch to SU-MIMO
Diversity
SU-MIMO
SU-MIMO Diversity
+22dB
57
DL Transmission Mode
Switches on DLRS SNR

58
59
Services
60
Introduction
QoS differentiation (i.e. prioritisation of different services
according to their requirements) becomes extremely
important when the system load increases
The most relevant parameters of QoS classes are:
Transfer Delay
Guaranteed Bit rate
Delay sensitive QoS Classes have guaranteed bit rate
requirements.
61
Services
When running a simulation,
ASSET first attempts to serve
the GBR demands of both
Real Time and Non-Real Time
services, taking into account
the Priority values of the
different services.
Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP)
Resources are first allocated to

the service with the highest
priority, and then to the next
highest priority service, and so
on.
If resources are still available after the GBR demands have been met, then
different scheduling algorithms can be employed to attempt to serve the MBR of
real time services.
62
LTE QoS
63
LTE Services Bearer Selection Method
64
Services
No carrier
defined OR
BEARER
When running
a simulation,
ASSET first
attempts to
serve the GBR
demands of
both Real Time
and Non-Real
Time services,
taking into
account the
Priority values
of the different
services.
After defining the General Service Parameters one or more Carriers can be related
to the Service. Since a supporting Carrier has been assigned to the Service, all UL
and DL Bearers will be available for selection as the Supporting Bearers.
65
Services
A Minimum Bit Rate (Min-GBR) and a Maximum Bit Rate (Max-MBR) have been
specified for the service.
If a terminal achieves connection to one or more of the available bearers, the
eNodeB will firstly allocate enough resources to it in order to achieve Min-GBR.
It will keep allocating more resources to it until the terminal either reaches the
Max-MBR ceiling, or until there not more resources available due to cell loading.
66
LTE Bearers
The Default Uplink and Downlink LTE bearers are defined per CQI providing 15 DL
bearers and 4 UL bearers.
The most preferable bearer is DL-CQI-15 and the least preferable bearer is DL-CQI-1
67
Services
The Default Uplink and Downlink LTE

bearers are defined per CQI providing 15
DL bearers and 4 UL bearers
68
Services
The Default Uplink and Downlink LTE

bearers are defined per CQI providing 15
DL bearers and 4 UL bearers
69
Services
After defining the General Service Parameters, one or more Carriers can be
related to the Service. Since a supporting Carrier has been assigned to the
Service, all UL and DL Bearers will be available for selection as the Supporting
Bearers.
70
Terminal Types
71
Terminal Types
72
Terminal Category
73
Terminal Types
74
Terminal Types
75
Terminal Types
76
Traffic Raster
77
Packet Scheduler
78
Packet Scheduler
If resources are still available
after the GBR demands have
been met, then different
scheduling algorithms can be
employed to attempt to serve
the Max Bit Rate.
79
Packet Scheduler
80
Round Robin Scheduler

UE 1 Data
Request
UE 2 Data
Request
UE 6
UE 5
UE 1 Data
sent
UE 2 Data
sent
UE 3 data
Request
UE 4
UE 3 Data
sent
UE 4 Data
Request
UE3
UE 4 Data
sent
UE 5 Data
Request
UE 2
UE 5 Data
sent
The aim of this

scheduler is to
share the
available/unused
resources equally
among the RT
terminals
UE 1
UE 6 Data
sent
UE 6 Data
Request
NodeB Buffers
81
NodeB Packet
Scheduler
The Round Robin approach is completely

random, as it simply allocates the same
resources to all terminals in turns
Proportional Fair
If resources are still available after GBR demands
have been met:
Terminals with higher data rates get a larger

share of the available resources
Each terminal gets either the resources it needs

to satisfy its RT-MBR demand or its weighted
portion of the available/unused resources,
whichever is smaller
82
Proportional Demand
If resources are still available after the GBR demands have
been met:
The aim of this scheduler is to allocate the remaining
unused resources to RT terminals in proportion to their
additional resource demands.
Proportional Demand completely ignores RF conditions
83
Max SINR
Terminals with higher bearer rates(and consequently higher SINR) are preferred
over terminals with lower bearer rates (and consequently lower SINR).
This means that resources are allocated first to those terminals with better
SINR/channel conditions, thereby maximising the throughput.
where S is the average received signal

power,
I is the average interference power,
and N is the noise power.
Best RF conditions are served first.
84
Max SINR
Own-signal interference in LTE an occur due to :
Inter-symbol interference due to multipath power exceeding cyclic prefix

length
Inter-carrier interference due to Doppler spread (large UE speed)

In LTE, orthogonality is often assumed unity for simplicity:
a = 1 is assumed for LTE and hence Iown = 0.

where S is the average received signal
power,
I is the average interference power,
and N is the noise power.
Best RF conditions are served first.

85
Simulating Network Performance
86
Monte Carlo-Based Simulation

When simulating network performance, ASSET uses Monte
Carlo algorithms, which can provide a good balance
between accuracy and usability.
The Simulator can be used as Full simulation, with

randomised snapshots, or Simulation without snapshots.
With full simulation, the performance of the network can
be analysed over a series of randomised snapshots, in
which specified densities of user terminals are positioned in
statistically determined locations. The ability of each
terminal to make its connection to the network is
calculated through an iterative process. The performance
of the network is then analysed from the averaged results.
87
Simulation with Snapshots

Takes a large number of randomised snapshots of network performance for
different terminals over time
In these snapshots, the UEs are in statistically determined positions and

generated independently for each snapshot
88
Simulation with Snapshots

Terminal count in a pixel is determined using a Poisson distribution with a
89
mean given by the number of terminals in the traffic array

At the start of the snapshot, the mobile and cell powers are initialised to
zero to initialise the noise on the uplink and downlink
Other parameters, such as power control error, are set randomly on UE
The first terminal in the list is tested for failure conditions. If it does not fail,
then its Tx power and the Tx power of the cells to which it is connected, are
modified. The next terminal in the list is then tested for failure conditions,
and so on.
When the entire list has been tested, the simulator returns to the first
terminal and repeats the process until convergence is reached
When convergence is reached, the results of the snapshot are appended to
the results of the overall simulation. The simulation moves on to the next
snapshot
When the simulation has completed all the specified snapshots, you can
view your results using the arrays or view a summary of the data or reports
LTE Simulator Wizard
Choose your
specified output
90
Simulation without Snapshots

If you run a simulation without running snapshots (static analysis),
you must ensure that the cell loading parameters for the
cells/sectors have been specified in the Site Database
The parameters are set on the Cell Load Levels subtab, under LTE
Params tab
91
Simulator Outputs
ASSET provides ways of setting your own array
definitions so that you can specify exactly which arrays

you want to be output when you use the Simulator
The easiest way is to use the Auto Setup option. This
ensures that all the relevant array types and their

parameter combinations are included in the simulation
outputs for display and analysis.
You can also define your own customised collection of
output array types from the Simulator. This enables you

to specify array definitions to determine precisely which
arrays you want to output and display, in any
combination of parameters you choose. This method is
probably only beneficial for advanced users.
92
Auto Setup Option

Make the required selections for EXCLUSION from the output arrays.
93
Customised Output
94
Simulation Best RSRP
95
Simulation RSRQ
96
Simulation Report
97
Simulation Cell Centre / Cell Edge
98
Simulation Achievable DL Bearer
99
Simulation DL RS SINR
100
Simulation DL Transmission Mode
101
Pixel Analyser
The Pixel Analyser visualises detailed signal strength information
that has been accumulated during a simulation.
102
Information about Simulated Terminals

The aim of this feature is to provide the user with a set of arrays that
show the locations of terminals generated by the simulation snapshots,

and to show whether the terminals succeeded or failed to make a
connection. The following arrays are provided for each terminal type
used in the simulation.
Terminal Info: Failure Rate
Terminal Info: Failure Reason
Terminal Info: Speed
The arrays are only available in simulations that run snapshots, and
where the user has checked the Allow Terminal Info Arrays box on the
2nd page of the simulation wizard.
103
Information about Simulated Terminals

Failure Reason array.
1 snapshot
Failure Reason array.

500 snapshots
104
PCI Planning
105
Introduction to PCI planning

Physical layer Cell Identity (PCI) identifies a cell within a network
equivalent of UMTS scrambling code
There are 504 Physical Layer Cell Identities
compared to 512 UMTS scrambling codes
PCI are organised in 168 groups of 3 codes
compared to 64 groups of 8 for UMTS scrambling codes
Physical layer Cell Identity = (3 Group(0 to 167)) + Code 0-2
Id = 0
Id = 2
Id = 6
Id = 8
Cluster Group
Id = 1
Id = 3
Id = 5
Id = 9
Id =
11
Id = 4
106
Id = 7
Id =
10
Physical Cell Identity (PCI)
107
LTE PCI Schemas
108
PCI planner
In PCI planner you can specify a re-use distance from any cell which the
planner will try not to assign the same PCI. Two methods:
Fixed
This is a constant re-use distance from a cell, within which the planner will try
not to assign the same PCI
Automatic
This is a variable re-use distance from a cell, within which the will try not to assign
the same PCI
109
Physical layer Cell Identity

= (3 x 2) + 2 =8
Group(0 to 167)
Code (0-2)
110
Minimising Groups.
PCI=0
PCI=1
PCI=2
PCI=3
PCI= 4
PCI= 5
Group =0
Group =0
Group =0
Group =1
Group =1
Group =1
Code =0
Code =1
Code =2
Code =0
Code =1
Code =2
Carrier
1
PCI=0
Carrier 1
PCI=2
111
Carrier 1
PCI=1
ONLY TWO
GROUPS USED
Carrier
1
PCI=3
Carrier 1
PCI=4
Carrier 1
PCI=5
Frequency shifts
PCI =0
PCI =0
PCI =0
PCI =6
PCI
GRO
UP
CO
DE
CELL
SPECIFIC
FREQ SHIFT
CELL SPECIFIC FREQ SHIFT

This determines the DLRS pattern (time
frequency positions)
PCI =1
PCI =7
PCI
=0
112
PCI
=0
Minimising Groups.
PCI=0
PCI=1
Group
=0
Group
=0
Code
=0
Code
=1
FREQ SHIFT FREQ SHIFT

=0
=1
PCI=2
Group
=0
Code
=2
113
Group
=1
Code
=0
PCI= 4
Group
=1
Code
=1
Carrier 1
PCI=
1
PCI= 5
Group
=1
FREQ SHIFT FREQ SHIFT FREQ SHIFT

=2
=3
=4
Carrier
1
PCI=0
Carrier
1PCI=2
PCI=3
Code
=2
FREQ SHIFT
=5
Carrier
1
PCI=3
PCI
GRO
UP
CO
DE
CELL
SPECIFIC
FREQ SHIFT
CELL SPECIFIC FREQ SHIFT

This determines the DLRS pattern (time
frequency positions)
Carrier
1PCI=4
Carrier 1
PCI=
5
Minimising Codes.
PCI=0
Group
=0
Code
=0
PCI=6
Group
=2
Code
=0
FREQ SHIFT FREQ SHIFT

=0
=0
PCI=9
Group
=3
Code
=0
PCI=12
Group
=4
Code
=0
PCI=
15
PCI=
18
Group
=5
Code
=0
Group
=6
Code
=0
FREQ SHIFT FREQ SHIFT FREQ SHIFT

=3
=0
=4
FREQ SHIFT
=0
Carrier 1
Carrier 1
PCI=0
PCI=12
Carrier 1
PCI=9
Carrier 1
PCI=6
Carrier 1
PCI=15
Carrier 1
PCI=18
PCI
GRO
UP
CO
DE
CELL
SPECIFIC
FREQ SHIFT
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Very poor PCI planning

114
Using a planning tool
115
Very poor DLRS SINR
Thank You
ishan.marwah@teoco.com
116

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Asset Tool User for LTE

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LTE Frequency Bands

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LTE Frequency Bands

Channel Bandwidth (MHZ)

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LTE Frequency Bands

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LTE Frame Structure

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Frame Structures -TDD

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Frame Structures -TDD

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Frame Structures -FDD

Frame Structures - FDD

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Supported Channels (non-overlapping)

Since the appropriate LTE Frequency

Channel Bandwidth (MHZ)

180 300 600 900 1200

Supported Channels (non-overlapping)

Since the appropriate LTE Frequency

Assign Carrier to Frequency Band

Channel Bandwidth (MHZ)

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Configuration of Carrier - 1 Antenna

Specific pre-defined resource elements (indicated

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Configuration of Carrier- 2 Antennas

Specific pre-defined resource elements (indicated by

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Configuration of Carrier- 3 Antennas

Specific pre-defined resource elements (indicated by

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Configuration of Carrier- 4 Antennas

Specific pre-defined resource elements (indicated by

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FDD Frame Structures UL

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Setting the Overhead Parameters

LTE Frames are two-dimensional (time and frequency) entities, containing

various signalling and control channels. Each of these signals/channels

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Site Data Base

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2012 AIRCOM International Ltd