Tenses, Redundancy, Parallelism
Tenses, Redundancy, Parallelism
Tenses, Redundancy, Parallelism
Parallelism.
Parallel
structure
means
using
the
same
pattern
of
words
to
show
that
two
or
more
ideas
have
the
same
level
of
importance.
Parallel
structures
include
word,
phrase,
or
clause
patterns
that
are
similar.
When
ideas
in
a
sentence
or
paragraph
are
similar,
you
can
reinforce
these
similarities
in
meaning
through
creating
parallel
structures.
He
is
honest,
sincere,
and
hardworking.
[Adjectives]
You
need
to
work
quickly
and
decisively.
[Adverbs]
For
exercise,
I
prefer
swimming
to
calisthenics.
[Nouns]
Nancy
read
a
book
while
Joe
watched
television.
[Verbs]
I
dont
want
to
live
on
in
my
work;
I
want
to
live
on
in
my
house.
[Phrase]
He
knew
that
it
was
a
difficult
task
and
that
he
had
no
time
finish
it.
[clause]
This
is
not
only
just
what
I
wanted
but
also
just
what
I
needed.
[clause]
Effective
parallelism
creates
symmetry
in
sentences
and
adds
force
to
your
writing;
it
emphasizes
the
likeness
between
two
or
more
ideas.
Redundancy.
In
language,
redundancy
is
the
use
of
duplicative,
unnecessary,
or
useless
wording.
My
late
deceased
father
was
a
good
man.
[My
late
father
was
a
good
man.]
My future plans include a trip to Saigon. [My plans include a trip to Saigon.]
Past
Time:
Past
Tense,
Present
Perfect
Tense,
Past
Perfect
Tense,
Past
Progressive
Tense,
Present
Perfect
Progressive,
and
Past
Perfect
Progressive
The
Past
Tense
shows
completed
action.
[They
took
the
exam.]
The
Perfect
Tense
shows
completed
action
[indefinite
time],
past
action
continuing
to
the
present.
[They
have
antagonized
us
all
day.]
The
Past
Perfect
Tense
shows
an
action
or
a
condition
completed
before
another
past
action
happened.
[They
had
taken
the
exam
before
the
bell
rang.]
The
Past
Progressive
shows
a
long
continuing
action
in
the
past.
[She
was
going
to
Ateneo
Law
School
that
year.]
The
Present
Perfect
Progressive
shows
a
past
action
continuing
to
the
present.
[Henry
has
been
adding
more
stones
to
his
collection.]
The
Past
Perfect
Progressive
Tense
shows
a
past
continuing
action
interrupted
by
a
past
action.
[He
had
been
dreaming
a
victory
until
reality
became
inescapable.]
Future
Time:
Future
Tense,
Future
Perfect
Tense,
Future
Progressive
Tense,
and
Future
Perfect
Progressive
Tense
The
Future
Tense
shows
a
future
action.
[I
will
run
a
mile.]
The
Future
Perfect
Tense
shows
a
future
action
completed
before
another
future
action.
[I
will
have
run
a
mile
before
you
arrive.]
Future
Progressive
Tense
shows
continuing
future
action.
[Joe
will
be
studying
all
month.]
Future
Perfect
Progressive
Tense
shows
continuous
future
action
completed
before
another
future
action.
[Jim
will
have
been
painting
for
ten
years
before
he
gives
his
exhibit.]