UMAT

TM

Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test

Practice Test 2

Australian Council for Educational Research

Copyright 2009 Australian Council for Educational Research

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INTRODUCTION

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UMAT is a test of general reasoning ability and is designed to provide a measure of your aptitude for the study of
medicine and the health professions.

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The purpose of UMAT is to assess the general skills and abilities developed over the course of your education
and life experience that are considered by the universities to be important to the study and practice of medicine
and the health sciences. To operate most effectively in these career areas graduates will need to be flexible; to
have good thinking skills (critical and analytical); to be able to respond quickly to new situations and problems;
and to have a well developed ability to understand and respond to patients needs and individual situations. For
these reasons UMAT has been developed as a test that is not based on learned academic curriculum or study of
particular subjects, but as a test of your response to stimuli that will not necessarily be familiar. UMAT is designed
to complement academic achievement and to give universities a more rounded picture of applicants to assist them
in selection decisions. Most UMAT user universities also require shortlisted applicants to attend an interview.

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UMAT is not based on any curriculum or subject areas; therefore you do not need any special knowledge. Intensive
preparation is not advisable or necessary, although wide and critical reading may provide helpful preparation for
Sections 1 and 2. However, as with any test, some practice in answering questions of a similar type, and under
similar time constraints as those found in the real test, is helpful and reassuring to most candidates. It is also helpful
to practise using a machine-readable answer sheet similar to the one in the actual test.

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STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF UMAT

UMAT is divided into three separately timed Sections designed to measure ability in the following areas:

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Section 1 Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving

Questions in this Section are based on a brief text or piece of information presented graphically. In the test there
are 44 questions to be answered in 65 minutes. For each question you are to decide which of the four options given
is the correct answer, based only on the information given. The questions assess your ability to comprehend,
draw logical conclusions, reach solutions by identifying relevant facts, evaluate information, pinpoint additional or
missing information, and generate and test plausible hypotheses.

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Section 2 Understanding People

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Section 2 assesses the ability to understand and reason about people. Questions are based on a scenario, dialogue
or other text representing specific interpersonal situations. The questions will assess your ability to identify,
understand, and, where necessary, infer the thoughts, feelings, behaviour and/or intentions of the people represented
in the situations. In the test there are 40 questions to be answered in 50 minutes.
Section 3 Non-verbal Reasoning

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Questions in this Section may be of several kinds. All are based on patterns or sequences of shapes and are
designed to assess your ability to reason in the abstract and solve problems in non-verbal contexts. In the test there
are 38 questions to be answered in 50 minutes.

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All UMAT questions are in multiple choice format. This means that each question has four or five possible
responses, from which you are to select the one answer you think is correct or best. There is only one correct
response.

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GENERAL ADVICE ON TAKING UMAT

In addition to gaining familiarity with actual UMAT questions, working through the UMAT Practice Test will
help you in building your general test-taking skills. It will help you to:

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build a positive attitude

be prepared and confident
use your time wisely
develop your test-taking strategies
apply strategies for answering multiple-choice questions
check your answers
Before the test day

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Build a positive attitude

Part of your preparation for UMAT is to develop a confident attitude. This will also help you in controlling any
pre-test nerves and give you the best chance of doing well.

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Be prepared

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There are two key aspects to being prepared:

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Focus on positive thoughts about the test, not negative ones. Be aware that although the topic or subject matter
may be new to you, the questions will not depend on any knowledge of the particular subject matter or information
provided in the stimulus material. UMAT questions are designed to assess your ability to respond to new and
unknown situations and problems, and to use the skills you have built up over the whole span of your life and
education. You should keep in mind that questions are not based on any particular subject knowledge that you
might bring to the test. Questions are based solely on the information contained in the stimulus material, and
success depends on your ability to use your skills of reasoning and problem solving to reach a solution. So, even
if the topic of a question is new to you, this should not affect your ability to apply your general skills to find the
answer.

Find out in advance as much as possible about the test.

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You should know:

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Most importantly, you should read the UMAT Information Booklet thoroughly as it contains all the essential
information you need to take the test and interpret your results. It is also a good idea to consult the UMAT webpage
at http://umat.acer.edu.au from time to time, for information updates and answers to frequently asked questions.

how long the test takes (how much time allowed for each Section);

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the rules you will be expected to follow during the test; and
the type and number of questions in each Section.
Make sure you know the practical details.

You should know:

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when you will receive your Admission Ticket;

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your test centre address and reporting time allowed (on the Admission Ticket);

documents you must take with you on the day;

equipment you will need for the test (pencils and eraser);
items you are prohibited from taking into the test; and

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how to complete your answer sheet and mark your answers.

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All this information can be found in the UMAT Information Booklet.

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On the day of the test

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Allow yourself plenty of time to get to the test centre. This is particularly important if you are taking the test in
one of the major capital cities (especially Melbourne and Sydney) which attract very large numbers of candidates.
Traffic congestion is likely around the entrance to the test centre. Avoid arriving at the test centre feeling flustered
or anxious.
Do not forget to eat breakfast and, depending on the reporting time at your designated centre, you may wish to eat
a small snack before you go into the test room. You will not be allowed to take any food or drink, other than bottled
water, into the test room.

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Once you are seated in the test room:

Use your time wisely

Remember that the test will take 2 hours, plus time for all candidates to be seated and instructions to be read. You
should expect to be at the test centre for 4 to 4 hours in total.

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Take a moment to settle in and focus on the task ahead; use the waiting time to consciously relax.

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Listen carefully to instructions given by the test supervisor.

Read the written instructions on the front cover of your test book.

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Apply your test-taking strategies

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Take note of the finishing time of each test Section as it is announced. Finishing times will be written up on the
whiteboard at the front of the room. (Remember that each Section is separately timed and you are not allowed to
move to another Section until instructed to do so.)

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Once you have been told to begin work on a Section, scan through the whole Section first to familiarise yourself
with the kinds and number of questions.

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Note where on the answer sheet you must record your answers to the questions in this Section.

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When you are ready to begin, read each piece of stimulus material and its related question/s carefully before
selecting your preferred answer. Be aware that there is only one correct response to each question.
You may find it helpful to underline key information on the test book.

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Start from the beginning, but do not spend too much time on any question you are finding difficult. You may
choose to skip such questions and come back to them later to reconsider. If you decide to skip a question, it
would be a good idea to mark it in the test book so you can check it later. (Do not put any stray marks on your
machine-readable answer sheet.) If you skip a question you should also make sure all subsequent answers are
placed against the correct question number on the answer sheet.

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Remember that if you mark two responses to any question it will be considered wrong. If you decide to change
an answer, make sure to erase it completely before filling in your new choice on the answer sheet.
Keep track of the time and try to pace yourself evenly through the Section.

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If possible allow a few minutes at the end of the Section to review and check over your answers.
(The supervisor will announce when there are 10 minutes remaining.)
Answer as many questions as possible. (Remember that marks are not deducted for wrong answers.)

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Never mark your answers in the test book with the intention of transferring them to the answer sheet later.
Answers should be recorded directly onto the answer sheet. Transferring answers from the test book to the
answer sheet wastes time, and there is the chance of not leaving sufficient time at the end of the Section to
complete the transfer.

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UMAT PRACTICE TEST

Practice Test time:

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UMAT Practice Test is made up of previously used UMAT questions selected to provide examples of the kinds and
style of questions you will find in the test. The UMAT Practice Test is equivalent to a full test and you are advised
to allow yourself the following times to complete each Section:

165 minutes

The Practice Test consists of three sections

65 minutes
50 minutes
50 minutes

44 questions
40 questions
38 questions

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Section 1
Section 2
Section 3

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Tear out the answer sheet at the end of this book and mark your answers on this as you would in the real test. Do
not look at the correct answers given on the final page until you have completed all three Sections.
When answering a question,
eliminate responses you know are wrong.

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read all response options carefully, even if you think you know the answer.

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if none of the alternatives given seems to be correct, re-read the question and try to work out what you have
missed. There is always one correct choice.

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Practice Test 2
Test time: 165 minutes

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Total number of questions: 122

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The test consists of three sections.

44 questions

65 minutes

Section 2

40 questions

50 minutes

Section 3

38 questions

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Section 1

Attempt all questions.

Do not spend too much time on any one question.

Mark the one answer you think is best for each question.

I ncorrect answers, unanswered questions and questions for which more than one answer has been marked
are given a score of zero.

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If you decide to change an answer, erase it completely and mark your new answer clearly.

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Section 1
Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving

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SECTION 1

Questions 1 44

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For each question, decide which answer is correct based only on the information given.

Question 1

In the Mohs scale for the hardness of minerals, a mineral will scratch only
those below it on the scale (i.e. those with a higher number will scratch any
with a lower number).
Human fingernail has a hardness of about 2.5.

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The mineral acerite scratches fingernail, but does not scratch orthoclase.

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Question 2

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DIAMOND
CORUNDUM
TOPAZ
QUARTZ
ORTHOCLASE
APATITE
FLUORITE
CALCITE
GYPSUM
TALC

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georgite will scratch calcite but will not scratch apatite.

apatite may be harder than georgite but softer than acerite.
calcite may be harder than acerite but softer than georgite.
if georgite scratches fluorite it will scratch apatite.

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A
B
C
D

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This means that

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The mineral georgite is scratched by acerite, but not by fingernail.

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Early in 1998, fires destroyed 30 000 square kilometres of forest an area the size of Belgium in Borneo. This
is almost six times the extent of previous official estimates, and is bigger than the area burnt on the island during
the previous years more heavily publicised fires.

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From this information it follows that

estimates of the size of the 1997 fires originally put them at almost six times the size of Belgium.
at the beginning of 1998 fires started the previous year were still burning underground.
the fires in 1997 appear to have started from burning operations in palm-oil plantations.
an early estimate of the area damaged by fire in Borneo in 1998 was about one-sixth the area
of Belgium.

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The 1998 fires appear to have spread from palm-oil plantations and raged despite a large fire-fighting effort by
the authorities. They lasted from late January to May, when heavy rains extinguished most of them. Some coal
seams and peat bogs are still burning underground.

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Section 1

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Question 3

From this information, which of the following is best supported?

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A northern Nuristani is likely to be able to understand a Parun.

There are Black-robed Kafirs who can understand and be understood by the Parun.
Some Wai are able to understand and be understood by most of the Black-robed Kafirs.
All White-robed Kafirs can converse with any Bashguli-speaker who can also converse with a Wai.

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A
B
C
D

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Inhabitants of Nuristan speak a variety of languages and dialects. The Siah Posh, or Black-robed Kafirs, inhabit
the north and east. They speak different dialects of Bashguli, and all apparently understand one another. In
the centre and the south live the Safed Posh, or White-robed Kafirs. Two of their three tribes, the Wai and the
Parun, speak different languages that are mutually unintelligible, and unintelligible to all of the Siah Posh. The
exception to this is one small group of the Wai, who speak a dialect containing elements of Bashguli and Parun.
It is not clear whether the third tribe of the Safed Posh the Ashkun can understand, or be understood by,
speakers of any of the other languages.

Question 4

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Plants are not defenceless against attack. Harmful micro-organism intruders can set off responses in a plant that
will protect it against further damage. How do plants recognise and deal with harmful intruders? Scientists have
discovered in cotton hundreds of proteins (known as resistance proteins) involved in this defence. One part of a
molecule of such a protein recognises particular intruders as being harmful. The other part sends a message to
cell nuclei, which then trigger a variety of responses.

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According to this information, which of the following is the best conclusion?

A

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The hypersensitive response involves the production and release of substances toxic to intruding
micro-organisms.
Phytoalexins are manufactured to attack harmful micro-organisms that have previously been
recognised by a resistance protein.
In one response to intruding micro-organisms, plants use chitin and glucan to strengthen their cell
walls against further invasion, or to prevent the escape of micro-organisms already present.
All of the possible responses by plants to intrusion by harmful micro-organisms involve
the self-destruction of plant cells in their immediate vicinity.

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One response, known as the hypersensitive response, is the self-destruction of cells, which often prevents the
further spread of an intruder. Another, more subtle, response is the production of antimicrobial compounds called
phytoalexins, which are toxic to the intruder concerned. A third response is the production of proteins, such as
chitinase and glucanase, that attack the cell walls of intruders, such as fungi. (The cell walls of fungi contain
chitin and glucan.) Finally, plant cells may strengthen their own walls, impeding further entry of the harmful
intruder, and trapping those intruders already present in the cells. These cells will then self-destruct.

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Section 1

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Question 5

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Trial number

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injected with
hydrocortisone

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Which of the following is most strongly supported by the results of the experiment?

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Question 6

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It is likely that either ACTH increases the level of arousal in response to stimuli or hydrocortisone
decreases it.
It is likely that hydrocortisone increases the level of arousal in response to stimuli, regardless of any
effect it may have on ACTH.
The longer rats are exposed to harmless noise, the less they respond.
It is likely that ACTH decreases the level of arousal in response to stimuli.

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not injected with

hydrocortisone

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Level of
response
(arbitrary
units)

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Animals repeatedly subjected to harmless stimuli often learn to stop responding to them a process known as
habituation. Two groups of rats put through ten trials initially responded vigorously to loud noises made in their
vicinity. The rats in one of the groups had been injected with hydrocortisone, which is known to prevent the
secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Average responses of the groups are shown in the graph.

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Of the following, these findings would least support the conclusion that
a high level of cortisol causes people to wake early.
the fear of waking late raises cortisol levels.
waking early causes high cortisol levels.
waking late increases cortisol levels.

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In a study carried out in London, saliva samples were taken from volunteers every hour throughout the day from
the time they awoke. It was found that the amount of cortisol, a hormone associated with high stress levels,
was significantly higher in each sample taken from the volunteers who woke early (before 7:30 am) than in the
samples of those who woke late (after this time). The volunteers had been free to wake at a time that they liked
and all had slept for similar numbers of hours.

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Section 1

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Question 7

It can be said with certainty that

just two of Blamanias females are not married.

fewer Blamanian males than females are unmarried.
less than one-third of the Blamanian population is unmarried.
the total population of Blamania is more than twice the number of married Blamanians.

Question 8

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B
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On the island of Blamania, two-thirds of the males are married to three-quarters of the females.
Each marriage is between two people only, one male with one female.

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It follows that

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Question 9

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most sleep disorders are not the result of chemical imbalances in an infants brain.
behavioural therapy reduces the symptoms, but not the causes, of sleep disorders in infants.
medication is always more effective than behavioural therapy in treating infants sleep disorders.
behavioural therapy does not alter chemical imbalances in the brains of infants with some sleep
disorders.

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C
D

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Infants with sleep disorders are often treated with behavioural therapies. However, some sleep disorders result
from chemical imbalances affecting the brain that can only be treated with medication that will reduce or correct
the imbalance.

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Consider the following diagram concerning the languages spoken by the worlds population.
20 most spoken
languages
total 6060 languages

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3340 languages each spoken

by fewer than 10 000 speakers

total 6.2 billion people

fewer than 0.3% speak one of

the 3340 least spoken languages

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From the information provided it can be concluded that

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approximately 45% of the worlds languages have more than 10 000 speakers.
approximately 45% of the worlds languages have fewer than 10 000 speakers.
the 20 most spoken languages are spoken by more than 99.7% of the worlds population.
the percentage of all languages with more than 10 000 speakers is approximately the same as
the percentage of all people who speak those languages.
CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 1

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Question 10

This graph shows the age differences for all couples who married during 1997.

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Per cent of couples

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same age
bridegroom older
bride older

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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Which one of the following statements applies to the ages of the couples who married in 1997?
More than 80% of the bridegrooms were older than their brides.
For about 78% of all couples, the partners were not of the same age.
There was an age difference of three years for about 11% of all couples.
For the majority of couples, there was an age difference of more than four years.

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Question 11

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Age difference (years)

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Drinking wine appears to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. The antioxidant hypothesis suggests that
this is due to certain substances that are found in wine, especially in red wine.
Consider the following two possibilities:
I Wine drinking is associated with a generally healthy lifestyle.

II Red- and white-wine drinking are each associated with a similar decrease in the risk of coronary heart
disease.

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If true, which of I and II would support the antioxidant hypothesis?

A
B
C
D

I only
II only
both I and II
neither I nor II

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Section 1

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Question 12

The diagrams below show who runs small businesses by gender and age.

by age

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by gender
67%
33%

59%
31%

10%

Together, these two diagrams indicate that

older
than 50

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about 10% of business managers older than 50 are female.

the typical small-business manager is likely to be a male aged over 50.
at most, about 20% of business managers aged between 30 and 50 are female.
it is possible that none of the female business managers are aged between 30 and 50.

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Question 13

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30 to 50

younger
than 30

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12

males

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females

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must be one or more green bon-bons containing a blow-out.

can be no more than four bon-bons containing a whistle and either joke 1 or joke 4.
can be as many as six red bon-bons containing a clicker and either joke 2 or joke 3.
will be more red bon-bons containing joke 1 or 2 than green bon-bons containing a whistle.

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Question 14

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In a box of bon-bons, there

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Bon-bons are party packages that come in boxes of twelve. In each box, half of the bon-bons are green and half
are red. In each box equal numbers of bon-bons contain either a plastic whistle, a clicker or a blow-out. Equal
numbers also contain a copy of one of four jokes.

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In the following figure, the number of smileys ( ) adjacent to a numbered square (including diagonally adjacent)
is indicated by the number in that square. The pattern either side of the central 3 5 rectangle is repeated
indefinitely.

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x and y can be either smileys or numbers.

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1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
y 1 x y 1 x y 3 ? 3 y x 1 y x 1 y
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1

In this figure, the ? in the central square

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C
D

must be a 2.
must be an x if each y is a 1.
must be a y if each x is a smiley.
cannot be a smiley.
CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 1

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Question 15
Consider these three propositions:

From this information it follows that even if

Question 16

proposition I is true, proposition II need not be true.

proposition II is true, proposition I need not be true.
proposition II is true, proposition III need not be true.
proposition III is true, proposition II need not be true.

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I
Of the ten most poisonous spiders in the world, Australia has nine of them.
II Australia has the worlds nine most poisonous spiders.
III Of the ten most poisonous spiders in Australia, nine are the worlds most poisonous.

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According to the World Conservation Unions recently published Red List, more than 11 000 species
of plants and animals face extinction in the near future, in most cases as a result of loss of habitat.
This includes about 24% of mammal species and 12% of bird species living at present.

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According to this information, which of the following is the best conclusion?

A
B
C

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Question 17

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A greater number of mammal species are critically endangered than are bird species.
In the year of the reports publication, there were just over 2600 mammal species still living.
If it were true that in the four years leading to the publication of the report no bird species had
become extinct, the percentage of endangered and critically endangered bird species would have
increased by about 2 %.
In the four years leading to the publication of the report, the ratio of critically endangered
to endangered species has decreased for birds but remained almost the same for mammals.

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The list identifies 180 mammal species in the highest risk category critically endangered and 340 in the
next risk category endangered. This compares with 169 and 315 in those categories just four years earlier.
For birds, the situation is 182 species critically endangered and 321 endangered, compared with an earlier 168
and 235.

dt
oT

Ph

Consider these two scales, which are balanced:

 hich one of the following will balance the scales

W
shown on the right?

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Section 1

om
.

Question 18

2@
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e.c

In a recent study, predictions that middle-class educated women would be more likely than working-class women
to complete successful negotiations for a change in the distribution of housework were not validated. However,
the study did support the hypothesis that tertiary-educated men would respond more positively than other men to
any overtures their wives made for assistance.

From this information it follows that

26

e:
0

Question 19

SB
EL

L(

11

11

575

282

when a wifes income increases, there is a high chance that she will be successful in persuading her
husband to do a larger share of the housework.
a mans income production is more important than his level of education in determining whether his
wife will be successful in encouraging him to increase his share of household duties.
working-class wives proved to be less successful than anticipated in encouraging their husbands to do
more of the housework.
a womans income production is more important than her level of education in determining whether
she will be successful in encouraging her husband to increase his share of household duties.

7)
tb

47

18

19
9

The study also provided support for the view that increasing womens earning power significantly increases
their negotiating power. In particular, women whose earnings were substantial were somewhat more likely to
be married to men who took some responsibility for housework than were women whose earnings were much
less than those of their husbands. Nevertheless, a majority of the husbands (62%) whose wives were providing
between one-third and two-thirds of the household income failed to provide the level of participation in
housework their wives were seeking.

on

Ph

HO
MA

In each of three boxes, Eve puts two hats: two black hats in the first box, two white hats in the second,
and a black hat and a white hat in the third. She labels the boxes as shown.

B
B
WW

W
BW

dt
oT

BB

Carol then changes all the labels around so that no box is labelled correctly.
Can Eve determine the contents of all three boxes by looking into just one box?

A
B
C
D

Yes, by looking in either BB or WW, but not by looking in BW.

Yes, by looking in BW, but not by looking in BB or WW.
Yes, and it does not matter which box she looks in.
No, she must look in at least two of the boxes.

Lic

en

se

19

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 20 22
A game is played with two four-sided dice. Each side of each die is
marked by one of each of these four symbols: , , or .

2@
liv
e.c

Each symbol represents a different number, either 1, 2, 3 or 4.

The numbers are randomly allocated to a symbol at the start of each
game.

The players take turns to throw the dice and move their counter along the playing board shown, according to the
total value of their throw.

On their first turns, Felicia throws ( ,

on die 2; ( , ) represents a
10

11

12

13

14

15

on both dice, etc.

16

17

18

19

20

on die 1 and a

19
9

) represents a

575

20

( ,

7)
tb

Start

) and Mal throws ( , ).

On their second turns, Felicia throws ( , ) and Mal throws ( , ). Felicia is now on position 11.

26

L(

On their first turns, Bill moves to position 3 after throwing ( ,

throwing ( , ).

SB
EL

21

282

11

Felicia
Mal
Felicia and Mal equally
It is not possible to determine who is closest to position 20.

11

A
B
C
D

47

Who is closest to position 20 after their second turn?

) and Freya moves to position 5 after

e:
0

On their second turns, Bill throws ( , ) and Freya throws ( , ).

Who is closest to position 20 after their second turn?

on

Ph

22

Bill
Freya
Bill and Freya equally
It is not possible to determine who is closer to position 20.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

Joshua throws ( , ), ( ,

), ( ,

), ( , ) and ( ,
?

dt
oT

If = 1, then which one of the following is true of

) and moves to position 20.

It is greater than both and .

It is less than both and .
It could be greater than and less than .
It could be greater than , , and .

Lic

en

se

A
B
C
D

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Section 1

om
.

Question 23

2@
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e.c

Events are better remembered if they trigger some level of emotional arousal. In a study investigating this tendency
in relation to the ADRA2B gene, two groups of people (one with the standard gene and one with a variant of it)
were shown three types of photographic images: those that typically elicit either a positive emotion (e.g. children
playing), a negative emotion (e.g. a polluted river), or no particular emotion (e.g. a chair).
The level of arousal the images elicited in the participants during viewing was measured. After some time, the
peoples memory of the images was tested.

Negative
images

100

575

350
300
250
200
150

7)
tb

Positive
images

ADRA2B
ADRA2B variant

Negative
images

282

Positive
images

19
9

Arousal relative to
neutral images (%)

100

26

11

Question 24

e:
0

L(

Any effect of the ADRA2B variant on memory is not caused by increasing arousal.
Emotionally arousing images are better remembered than neutral ones, but only for people with the
ADRA2B variant.
Arousal is greater in people with the ADRA2B variant, which enables negative images to be
remembered better than positive images.
The increased arousal elicited by negative images, compared to positive images, is enhanced in
people with the ADRA2B variant, but this does not affect recall of the images.

on

A
B

11

Which of the following is most strongly suggested by the data?

SB
EL

23

180
160
140
120

47

Recall relative to
neutral images (%)

The graphs below present the participants recall of the emotion-arousing images relative to their recall of the
neutral images.

Ph

six are small;

twelve are brown;
fifteen have long hair;
one is small and brown and has long hair;
two are small and brown but their hair is not long;
two are small and have long hair but they are not brown.

dt
oT

HO
MA

Of the 24 dogs attending puppy school

How many dogs attending puppy school are brown and have long hair, but are not small?
A
B
C
D

two
three
four
It is not possible to determine this from the information given.

Lic

en

se

24

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 25 28

Consider the following rules that could be used in order to select one shape from pairs of shapes:
Rule I

Select the left shape.

Rule II

If one of the shapes is grey, select that shape.

Rule III

If both shapes are grey, select the left shape; otherwise select the right shape.

Rule IV

If one or both shapes are grey, select the left shape; otherwise select the right shape.

Rule V

If the left shape is grey, select the left shape; otherwise select the right shape.

2@
liv
e.c

The shape that has been selected is indicated by a black arrow under the shape.

282

26

L(

26

7)
tb
47

either Rule I or Rule IV

either Rule II or Rule III
either Rule II or Rule IV
either Rule IV or Rule V

11

A
B
C
D

575

19
9

Which of the rules could be used to make this selection?

11

25

Suppose that a selection has been made using either just Rule IV or just Rule V.

e:
0

SB
EL

For which one of the following pairs of shapes would it be possible to determine which one of these two
rules had been used in making this selection?

a white triangle and a grey square

on

a white triangle and a white square

HO
MA

a grey triangle and a white square

a grey triangle and a grey square

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

12

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Section 1
Suppose that a new rule is used to make the four selections shown below.

om
.

27

selection 3

2@
liv
e.c

selection 1

selection 4

19
9

selection 2

7)
tb

282

26

Other rules may need to be considered if two selections are made one after the other.

L(

28

11

11

Select the left shape if either or both of the shapes are grey, otherwise select the right shape.
Select the left shape unless just one of the shapes is grey, in which case select the right shape.
Select the right shape if the triangle is white or the square is grey or both, otherwise select
the left shape.
Select the right shape if the triangle is white or the square is grey but not both, otherwise select
the left shape.

47

A
B
C

575

Which one of the following new rules would produce these four selections?

e:
0

SB
EL

Rule VI
Select the shape on the opposite side to the first selection.
Rule VII If the first shape selected is grey, select the shape on the same side as the first
selection, otherwise select the shape on the opposite side.
After selection 1 has been made, which of Rules VI and VII could be used to make selection 2?

on

Rule VI but not Rule VII

either Rule VI or Rule VII
neither Rule VI nor Rule VII
Rule VII but not Rule VI

Lic

en

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dt
oT

A
B
C
D

selection 2

Ph

HO
MA

selection 1

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 29 31

2@
liv
e.c

While some forms of cholesterol are not harmful to humans, an excess of the form known as LDL is believed
to increase the likelihood of heart disease, obesity and diabetes. A link between a high-fat diet and raised
cholesterol levels has long been noted. However, in the natives of Greenland a high-fat diet (seal, whale and fish)
is not associated with these conditions. These people have lower LDL levels than comparable groups of Danish
people eating a typical Western diet based on dairy foods and meat.
Nutritionists believe that there are substances, known as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, found in the food of
the Greenland natives that explain the difference. These fatty acids are also found in plant sterols. Two recent
studies have investigated the effect of plant sterols on LDL.

19
9

Study I One hundred men and women with normal cholesterol levels or mild hypercholesterolaemia were
given varying amounts of sterols, in food spreads, for 24 days: 0.0 g/day (as a placebo), 0.83 g/day,
1.61 g/day or 3.24 g/day.

7)
tb

575

In the groups that took sterols, there was a reduction ranging from 6.6 to 9.9% in the level of LDL.
There was no significant difference in the average reduction between those who took the three
different levels of sterols. There was no significant reduction in LDL in the control group.

47

Study II Twenty-two hypercholesterolaemic men and women were given, for 28 days, either a placebo or 2.4 g/day
of sterols. The sterols were taken as a combination of food spread (0.8 g/day), bread (0.8 g/day) and
cereal (0.8 g/day).

Note:

A placebo is a pretend treatment, with no known effect on a particular disorder.

The prefix hyper- means in an elevated or excessive amount.
The suffix -aemia refers to the blood.
A control group is used for comparison with groups who have some form of treatment.

29

A hypercholesterolaemic person has

26

e:
0

on

In Study I, the control group

was given the placebo.

was given nothing at all.
had normal cholesterol levels.
had the same reduction in LDL as those who took sterols.

dt
oT

A
B
C
D

Ph

30

too much cholesterol in their diet.

elevated blood pressure due to excessive cholesterol.
too much cholesterol in their blood.
lowered sterol levels due to excessive cholesterol.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

SB
EL

L(

11

282

11

There was an average 10.4% reduction in LDL for those that took sterols, but no significant reduction
for the others.

Lic

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31

Considering the results of Study I and Study II, of the following, the best conclusion is that
A
B
C
D

sterols are ineffective at lowering normal levels of LDL.

the longer sterols are taken, the greater their effect on LDL levels.
the minimum dose of sterols can have maximum impact on LDL levels.
adding sterols to foods other than spreads greatly increases their effectiveness at
lowering LDL.

14

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 32 34

Which other state(s) are also coloured green?

Qld

WA
SA

NSW

282

Vic.

26

L(

NT

Suppose that black, red, green and white are used to colour each square of a 3 3 grid a different colour
to every adjacent square.

SB
EL

33

47

11

NT


WA and Qld
any one of NT, WA or Qld
any two of NT, WA or Qld

11

A
B
C
D

575

7)
tb

The map designer colours each adjacent state a

different colour, but keeps the number of colours
used to a minimum.

Suppose that on this map of mainland Australia,

Vic. is coloured green.

19
9

32

2@
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In the 2 2 grid shown at right, each square is coloured

differently from each adjacent square. (Squares diagonally
opposite each other are also considered to be adjacent.) Four
different colours are needed.

on

Ph

Suppose that four colours are used to colour each square of a 4 4 grid a different colour to every
adjacent square.

dt
oT

34

must be red.
must be black.
can be either red or black.
can be any of red, black, green or white.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

e:
0

When the top left square is black and the top right square is red, the colour of the bottom left square

The fewest squares possible of any of the four colours is

one.
two.
three.
four.

Lic

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A
B
C
D

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 35 37

2@
liv
e.c

When grains of two different sizes (e.g. two different sands) are mixed together and then poured down a vertical
wall, a slope forms down which further added grains tumble. A model of this phenomenon has been developed
that uses grains of two different shapes square (1 1 unit in size) and rectangular (1 2 units). The models
rules governing the tumbling of the grains are as follows:

I f a grain is added to the first column such that the step down to the next column is more than three
units high, the grain tumbles down the slope from column to column until it reaches a stable position,
i.e. where the height difference to the next column does not exceed three units.

I f a grain does not reach a stable position on the slope and tumbles all the way to the bottom,
an avalanche occurs.

I n an avalanche, any grain on the top of any column tumbles if the step to the next column is more than
two units high. It continues to tumble until it reaches a position where the step is no more than two units
high. All such grains tumble simultaneously.

O
 nce all grains that could initially tumble in an avalanche have completed their tumbling, any further
grains that are now able to tumble will do so. This process continues until all steps are two or less units
high.

47

7)
tb

575

A
 s they are poured one at a time, the grains stack onto the first column next to the wall (with rectangular
grains upright).

19
9

wall

282

on

y
x

Figure 1

Figure 2

dt
oT

Ph

HO
MA

e:
0

SB
EL

L(

26

11

11

In the example shown in Figure 1, the rectangular grain x added to the first column will tumble to the bottom
of the slope. This triggers an avalanche, after which the grains y and z are in the positions shown in Figure 2.

Lic

en

se

35

For the situation shown in Figure 1, if a square grain were added instead of a rectangular grain, the grain
would come to rest
A
B
C
D

on the first column.

on the second column.
on the third column.
at the bottom of the slope.

16

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Section 1

om
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2@
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e.c
C

575

In the situation shown below, a rectangular grain, w, has just been added and has tumbled to the bottom.

282
w

26

L(

11

11

47

37

19
9

Which one of the following is not a possible configuration of grains?

7)
tb

36

on

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

HO
MA

e:
0

SB
EL

Which one of the following shows the situation after the ensuing avalanche?

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 38 40

2@
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e.c

Many structures are made from a grid of squares. In order to be structurally sound, the grid must be rigid. This can
be achieved by adding a diagonal brace to some of the squares. To determine the minimum number of braces needed,
a dot diagram can be used.
A dot diagram uses dots to represent the row and column coordinates of each square in the grid:

The left-hand dots represent the grids rows and the right-hand dots represent the grids columns.

L
 ines in the dot diagram represent those squares that contain a brace. Each line connects the dots that
represent the coordinates of a single braced square.

575

7)
tb

Column 3

Column 1

Row 2

Column 2
Column 3

26

282

Row 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

e:
0

SB
EL

L(

11

Row 2

11

Row 1

47

Column 1

Column 2

19
9

For example, Figure 1 shows a 2 3 grid of six squares, four of which ([1,1], [1,2], [2,2] and [2,3]) contain
diagonal braces. Figure 2 is the corresponding dot diagram. The square at Row 1, Column 1 is braced, and thus
represented in the dot diagram by the line connecting the Row 1 and Column 1 dots. The other braced squares
are similarly represented.

on

Ph

Figure 3

Figure 4

Lic

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dt
oT

HO
MA

A grid will be rigid if all the dots of its dot diagram are connected by a single complex of lines. The 3 3 grid
represented in Figure 3 has a single complex; that represented in Figure 4 has two separate complexes.

18

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Section 1

7)
tb

This grids rigidity

26

11

L(

Consider the two grids I and II shown below.

I

II

on

HO
MA

e:
0

SB
EL

40

282

47

requires all the braces shown.

will not be affected if any one of the six braces is removed.
will not be affected if the brace in square [2,1] or square [2,3] is removed.
will not be affected if the brace in any one of squares [1,3], [1,4], [2,3] or [2,4] is removed.

11

A
B
C
D

Consider the grid shown below.

19
9

39

seven
eight
nine
ten

2@
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A
B
C
D

om
.

What is the minimum number of braced squares required to make rigid a 4 4 grid?

575

38

Which one of the following is true of these two grids?

Ph

I is rigid, II is not rigid.

II is rigid, I is not rigid.
Both I and II are rigid.
Neither I nor II is rigid.

Lic

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dt
oT

A
B
C
D

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 1

om
.

Questions 41 and 42

2@
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e.c

Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a virus that spreads among European species of mice through animal-toanimal contact. It cannot live outside live mice, and does not infect Australias native mouse species. It is not
fatal to the mice it infects, and occurs in some 80% of the European mice in Australia.

26

Modified MCMV is much less contagious than unmodified MCMV.

ZP3 does not occur on the surface of Australian native mouse eggs.

L(

I
II

282

11

Suppose that the following were found:

11

42

575

female mouse eggs are attacked by MCMV.

ZP3 is treated by the female mouse as a foreign substance.
the young of infected mice are immune to ZP3, but any offspring they have will be sterile.
the female mouses immune system is sensitised to treat some of her own MCMV as foreign.

47

A
B
C
D

This mouse control method works because

7)
tb

41

19
9

In an effort to control severe European mouse plagues in this country, scientists have modified MCMV to include
a protein, ZP3, that is found on the surface of European mouse eggs. After a female mouse has been infected
with the modified virus, her immune system, naturally primed to attack foreign substances, including normal
MCMV, will attack the ZP3 on the surface of her own eggs, rendering her infertile.

e:
0

SB
EL

Some people have concerns that releasing the modified MCMV virus into the wild poses a potential
health risk to Australian native mice.
Which of I and II could be used to support these concerns?

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

on

I only
II only
both I and II
neither I nor II

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

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Section 1

om
.

Questions 43 and 44

2@
liv
e.c

A study was carried out of 300 booking clerks at a large US airline. Of these clerks, 100 were smokers,
100 used to smoke but no longer did, and 100 had never smoked. The groups were called smokers,
ex-smokers and never smoked, respectively. It was found that smokers were absent because of illness
for an average of 6.16 days a year, while ex-smokers lost 4.53 days, and never smoked lost 3.86 days.

43

19
9

The work output (sales income, rate of answering calls, and so on) of the three groups showed that
the productivity of the smokers was 4.0% below never smoked and 8.3% below ex-smokers.

44

575

282

11

11

47

both measures were best for never smoked individuals.

ex-smokers performed best on both measures.
ex-smokers had more absences due to illness, but higher productivity while at work than
never smoked.
ex-smokers had fewer absences due to illness, but lower productivity while at work than
never smoked.

7)
tb

A
B
C

When measuring performance in terms of absences due to illness and of output while at work, the data
show that

26

L(

Suppose that the work output of an ex-smoker while at work was given a value of 100 units.
Which of the following values would then be most consistent with the other data?

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

on

e:
0

SB
EL

104 units for never smoked

96 units for never smoked
96 units for smokers
87 units for smokers

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

END OF SECTION 1

STOP

DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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Section 2
Understanding People

Questions 45 84

2@
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SECTION 2

Questions 45 47

In this excerpt from a novel, Lannie is reminiscing about the time Fred brought their sons to visit the
clinic where she was being treated for her depression.

282

26

on

guilty sorrow.
hopeless despair.
sympathetic concern.
disdainful resignation.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

46

e:
0

Lannies attitude to her sons is best described as

Ph

45

SB
EL

L(

11

11

47

7)
tb

575

19
9

They had been bored. They had asked her to come back. She had said, I will if youll help me. And
Fred had said, Now, now, Lannie, you know I wont have the boys turned into housewives. The
youngest, who was nearly twelve and already taller than his mother, had begged his father to let them
go look round the town and find a hamburger and a video arcade. When they had gone Fred said,
You can see how they miss you.

Not really, she replied, watching her husbands eyes shift.

Dont you love them?

Of course I love them.

Then why dont you come home?

I dont think they love me. They just miss what I do for them. I want a life. Just a bit of a life
outside the kitchen and the wash-house.

Not much wash-house. It was a grim piece of jocularity. The tanks are just about empty.

Peeved, Lannie lost it. She began to yell.

Then youd want me to go down to the creek hole and beat the bloody clothes on rocks while
I utter little orgiastic cries of pleasure and the other wives look on and say, I want to do what shes
doing?

Jesus, youre disgusting! Fred said. Bloody disgusting. Youre not being like the other wives
now. They dont make unreasonable demands.

Lannies behaviour towards Fred during the conversation arises mostly from her feelings of
hatred.
regret.
contempt.
suspicion.

dt
oT

A
B
C
D

Lic

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47

During the conversation, Freds attitude to Lannie changes from

A
B
C
D

apathy to appeasement.
curiosity to astonishment.
affection to disappointment.
condescension to indignation.

22

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2@
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om
.

Section 2

Questions 48 and 49

In the passage below, Lois has just arrived by train from the country. Nancy has met her at the train
station. Both women are in their thirties.
1

Nancy:

[making sure that her coat sways becomingly] What do you think of my coat?

Lois:

Oh, ... er ... very nice, very nice indeed. But isnt it rather heavy for such a warm
day?

Nancy:

Oh dear, no. Fur of this quality is never heavy.

[Lois smiles.]

It was a present from Harry, you see. On my last birthday. He paid a ruinous price
for it hes a regular spendthrift where Im concerned.

Lois:

Really? And so it has been a success your marriage?

7
8

26

Lois is jealous of Nancy.

Lois is indebted to Nancy.
Nancy is insecure with Lois.
Nancy empathises with Lois.

e:
0

on

A
B
C
D

From the context, it is most likely that Nancys smile (8) is one of

HO
MA

delight.
smugness.
bashfulness.
embarrassment.

Lic

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dt
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A
B
C
D

Ph

49

From the conversation, which one of the following is most accurate?

SB
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48

L(

11

[Nancy smiles.]

282

47

Nancy:

11

7)
tb

575

So good of you, Nancy, to undertake to pilot me round.

19
9

Lois:

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 2

om
.

Questions 50 52

2@
liv
e.c

In this passage from a novel, Biddy has barged into her mothers bedroom to find her mother
examining her exposed breast in the bedroom mirror.

282

26

10

15

20

25

on

Ph

50

HO
MA

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11

11

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19
9

Why cant you knock? Mum accuses, her face scrunching up like her nipple.

Normally Biddy would retreat, embarrassed and apologizing, humiliated by her mothers
shame. But this time she doesnt. What are you doing, Mum?

Mum is startled by her tone. She has tucked her breast back into her frock. There is something
furtive about the way she does it. And she cant get her mouth around the words she needs, the kind
of words she usually has no trouble with when she wants to put Biddy in her place.

Biddy has shut the door and leaves a chair backed against it so no one else can barge in the
way she did. Whats the matter, Mum? she insists. She walks towards her. Whats wrong with your
breast?

Mum shakes her head in a disturbed kind of way. Theres nothing the matter with it except for
the five children that fed from it.

Biddy is supposed to cringe. But she is learning she can make Mum cringe too. She stands
close, closer than people usually stand. Then she takes Mum by the shoulders and holds her at arms
length. She looks into the face of her mother like Mum is her daughter. Mum looks down, like she
really is a daughter again.

Its a lump, isnt it? Youve found a lump?

Mum doesnt nod. She wont nod. But she hasnt shaken her head either. If she did her tears
might leave her eyes too quick.

When did you discover it? Just now? Have you been to see a doctor about it? You havent, have
you? She brushes the tears off Mums cheeks with the blade of her hand. Well youre going to. Ill
take you myself if I have to.

Its nothing to worry about, Mum sniffles. Its not what you think it is. Ive had one before
and its gone away.

What! Biddy is horrified. Let me check for myself. Her fingers move to the buttons on
Mums frock.

But Mum dusts them away, repulsed. Youll do no such thing, she says. What would you
know, a girl of your age? Youre no doctor.

When Biddy asks Whats wrong with your breast? (lines 89), Mums response suggests that she mainly
feels
anxious and defiant.
sullen and depressed.
shamed and humbled.
secretive and tongue-tied.

Lic

en

se

dt
oT

A
B
C
D

24

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... except for the five children ... (lines 10 and 11). What appears to be Mums motive for saying this?
A
B
C
D

52

She regrets ever having her children.

She is laying blame on the family for her condition.
She wants to reassure Biddy that everything will be alright.
She is trying to re-establish her status in her relationship with Biddy.

2@
liv
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51

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Section 2

Mum ... hasnt shaken her head either. (line 17)

7)
tb

575

thinks it is none of Biddys business.

doesnt want to admit to her suspicions.
doesnt believe there is anything wrong.
wants Biddy to believe there is nothing wrong.

11

Question 53

282

47

A
B
C
D

19
9

The reason for Mums failure to answer the question is most likely to be that she

11

A patient (male) is visiting a physiotherapist (female) for back pain.

Therapist:

Well, theres no guarantee that it will, but Ill do my best.

Patient:

What do you mean, theres no guarantee that it will? If you dont think it will help,
why dont I just leave now?

Therapist:

I didnt say that. I actually dont know if I can help you until Ive examined you and
learnt more about your symptoms. And even if we cant get rid of all the pain, at the
very least this should help you understand your condition better and know how to
prevent it getting worse.

on

e:
0

SB
EL

HO
MA

Patient:

26

I have to say that Im only coming to see you because the doctor insisted I did. Ive
tried all this before and I dont really think it will get rid of my pain.

L(

Patient:

dt
oT

Ph

Thats what I keep hearing from you medical people. But all I want is for the pain to
go away, forever. I dont want to have to learn to live with it.

Lic

en

se

53

Which of the following responses by the physiotherapist would best convey to the patient that she
understands his situation?
A
B
C
D

Well, as I said, I cant really guarantee anything. I can only do my best.

Unfortunately thats not a realistic expectation, so theres not much point in wishing it.
I dont think anybody likes to live with pain. It tends to completely dominate your life, doesnt it?
I know exactly what you mean. I deal with people in pain every day, so I know all about pain and
how it affects people.

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
25

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 54 57

2@
liv
e.c

In the following passage from a play, Angela is an architect working for a large firm, Deborah is the
firms human resources manager, and Sam (not present) is Angelas boss.

Deborah:

Youve been taking a lot of time off lately, Angela?

Angela:

Ive got a kid with severe asthma who worries me out of my brain. When hes carted
off to hospital, do you think Im not going to go and be with him? You got kids?

Deborah:

Two. Tell me your story.

Angela:

My story? I havent got a story. My life hasnt even got up to the table of contents.

Deborah:

Youre divorced.

Angela:

Isnt everyone? Look, please, I dont want to discuss my life. If Im here to be fired,
then fire me.

Deborah:

Angela, theres no way Im going to recommend that an architect who won a

University medal is fired until I know why she isnt performing up to expectations.

Angela:

Expectations? Whose expectations? Sams expectations? I give Sam exactly what he

expects. And when the monstrosities dont sell, I cop the blame!

Deborah:

You could surely get work somewhere else.

Angela:

What do you think Ive been trying to do for the past five years or so? Unfortunately
the stuff Ive been forced to design for Sam is deeply unimpressive.

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11

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SB
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Deborahs main intention during the conversation is to

find out more about Angelas personal problems.
help Angela balance her home and working lives.
explore what influences Angelas work performance.
reassure Angela that she is valued as a member of the firm.

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

on

54

If Im here to be fired, please fire me.

19
9

Angela:

26

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Angelas main concern is her

feeling of injustice.
unrealistic workload.
need for compassion.
inability to focus on her work.

more fulfilling work

more understanding of her situation
more time off to spend with her son
more explanation of Sams expectations

282

26

e:
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SB
EL

L(

11

11

A
B
C
D

Overall, Angelas responses are best described as

arrogant and defiant.
defensive and dispirited.
unconcerned and flippant.
submissive and grovelling.

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

on

57

7)
tb

What does Angela ultimately want most to come out of this discussion?

47

56

575

19
9

A
B
C
D

2@
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55

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.

Section 2

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
27

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 58 62

2@
liv
e.c

The following passage is from a novel. Nazneen has recently come to London from a Bangladeshi
village as part of an arranged marriage with a man twenty years older, named Chanu. Here, her
friend Razia is visiting Nazneen at her home, and they have been chatting about some mutual
acquaintances. Razia then asks Nazneen about her husband.

10

15

20

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282

Judging by her response, Nazneen regarded Razias question (line 1) as

rude.
trivial.
appropriate.
unexpected.

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

on

58

SB
EL

L(

11

11

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19
9

Any news of the promotion? asked Razia.

My husband says they are racist, particularly Mr. Dalloway. He thinks he will get the promotion,
but it will take him longer than any white man. He says that if he painted his skin pink and white then
there would be no problem. Chanu had begun, she had noticed, to talk less of promotion and more
of racism. He had warned her about making friends with them, as though that were a possibility.
All the time they are polite. They smile. They say please this and thank you that. Make no mistake
about it, they shake your hand with the right, and with the left they stab you in the back.

Well, said Razia, this could be true.

Nazneen turned the words over. This could be true. She waited for more. Razia was unpicking
a thread from her jumper.

Nazneen said, My husband says it is discrimination.

Ask him this, then. Is it better than our own country, or is it worse? If it is worse, then why is
he here? If it is better, why does he complain?

These were questions she had neither asked nor thought of asking. She was in this country
because that was what had happened to her. Anyone else, therefore, was here for the same reason.

I dont know if he complains, Nazneen found herself saying. He just likes to talk about
things. He says that racism is built into the system. I dont know what system he means exactly.

My sons teacher, shes a good one, said Razia. She helps him a lot, and he likes her. My
husband has a work colleague, he gives us things. Clothes that his children have grown out of. A
machine for drying hair. A radio and stepladders. All sorts of things. There are good ones, and bad
ones. Just like us. And some of them you can be friendly with. Some arent so friendly. But they leave
us alone, and we leave them alone. Thats enough for me.

28

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Nazneens comment My husband says it is discrimination (line 12) seems mainly intended to

2@
liv
e.c

Nazneen is suspicious of Razia.

Nazneen respects Razias views.
Nazneen is intimidated by Razia.
Nazneen wholeheartedly takes on Razias views.

L(

282

e:
0

on

With respect to her husband, Nazneen appears to be

submissive but reflective.
protective but critical.
stubborn and controlling.
uncaring and self-interested.

Lic

en

se

dt
oT

A
B
C
D

Ph

62

selfishness and prejudice.

passivity and lack of reflection.
tolerance and open-mindedness.
understanding of and interest in other people.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

26

Nazneens thoughts at lines 15 to 17 suggest a tendency, on her part, for

SB
EL

61

11

11

47

A
B
C
D

Which of the following best describes how Nazneen regards Razia?

575

60

defend her husband.

criticise her husband.
overcome an awkward silence.
seek Razias view of the matter.

19
9

A
B
C
D

7)
tb

59

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.

Section 2

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
29

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 63 65

In the following passage, Phillip reflects on his mothers battle with a terminal illness.

15

282

11

26

11

e:
0

Which of the following best explains why Phillip reflects on his mothers behaviour after the doctors
revelation?

Ph

on

He is trying to discover if his mother had been neglected in any way by the hospital staff.
He is indulging in some fond memories of his mother while he still can.
He is trying to convince himself that the doctor is mistaken.
He is confirming to himself that the doctor is right.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

65

10

He was relieved to finally know the truth and be able to let go of his false hope.
He felt the doctor had been foolish and insensitive to destroy all his hope.
He accepted the doctors judgment and could even understand it.
He felt betrayed that the doctor had not told him sooner.

L(

A
B
C
D

64

How did Phillip feel about the doctors decision to reveal that his mother was not going to make it
(line 5)?

SB
EL

63

47

7)
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19
9

2@
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Mum seemed so well, so physically strong and graceful as she moved towards me, and her skin had
finally lost that bloodless papery texture. It was the first time in months that I had actually begun to
hope. Then the doctor asked me quietly to come outside. He was a serious young man, almost a boy
with a kind, chubby face.

You know shes not going to make it, dont you?

It wasnt a question. He was telling me honestly to lose that hope, get rid of it, or I wouldnt
make it either. Just when I had dared to think that she might come home and be again that strong and
dominant woman.

I nodded.

Perhaps I knew deep down that those few graceful steps that seemed to me like dancing were
not a new beginning, just a good nights sleep lightening the dark circles beneath my mothers eyes.

It was all nothing.

My mothers joyful words, Darling, watch, as she had taken those few tentative steps towards
me. Phillip, see how well I move, smiling as though it was all over.

The hardest thing was going back into the room.

The passage suggests that in going back into the room Phillip would most likely have
calmly told his mother what the doctor had revealed.
tried to sound even more positive than before.
not revealed what the doctor had told him.
burst into tears upon seeing his mother.

Lic

en

se

dt
oT

A
B
C
D

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 66 68

2@
liv
e.c

The following passage is part of a counselling session. A father is talking to a counsellor about his
daughters behaviour. She has come home from secondary boarding school after completing her
second term.

to elicit advice about how to help Julie

to defend his response to Julies behaviour
to express his disappointment in the counsellor
to acknowledge his sense of failure in dealing with Julie

282

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EL

The fathers comment Im not sure why (line 8) about the effectiveness of changing the subject suggests
that he

Ph

on

has not given the matter much thought.

suspects his daughter is hiding her true feelings.
has doubts about the appropriateness of his strategy.
is trying to sound modest about his success in managing his daughter.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

Judging from the fathers manner in recounting this incident, the most likely reason he has chosen to tell the
counsellor is

dt
oT

68

26

L(

11

11

A
B
C
D

67

7)
tb

Why does Julies father ask the counsellor What am I supposed to do? (lines 1 and 2)?

47

66

575

19
9

She just goes on and on and on about how she feels homesick and misses us. What am I supposed
to do? I listen for a while and then my impatience gets the better of me and I say: For goodness
sake, will you just get off this bandwagon. Of course you miss us, that will pass everyone goes
through this. Its no worse than anyone elses situation. You are just trying to get your own way.
You havent given it a real go. Julie generally just sobs. She tries to tell me that her homesickness
is getting worse instead of better. I tell her to pull herself together. Then I change the subject
completely. I say: Hey, how about that team of ours, how good was our win on the weekend! It
usually brings her around. Im not sure why.

to show the counsellor that he can be an effective parent.

because he is concerned about his daughters mental health.
as an example of the kind of difficulties he has to deal with.
because he feels ashamed about his treatment of his daughter.

Lic

en

se

A
B
C
D

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Questions 69 and 70
The following dialogue is between a male doctor and a female patient.

om
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Section 2

So, how are you feeling today, Mrs Lee?

Patient:

Not good, Doctor. My backs still very sore. Just like when I first came to see you
about this last week.

Doctor:

Theres no improvement at all?

Patient:

No, not at all. Worse, if anything.

Doctor:

And youve been taking the medicine I prescribed for you?

Patient:

Yes.

Doctor:

And not doing those things around the house that make you worse, as I
recommended?

Patient:

Oh yes, as much as I can.

Doctor:

[laughs] What does that mean? Does that mean youve continued to do them?

Patient:

[sighs] Doctor, you dont understand, I have responsibilities to my family.

Doctor:

And responsibilities to yourself.

Patient:

[laughs]

Doctor:

Its true. And if you dont look after yourself, then you wont be able to look after
others.

Patient:

Doctor, please, all I want is some stronger medicine to help me get on with what I
have to do.

Doctor:

That wont help you in the long term.

Patient:

Thats OK, I just want something to help me in the short term.

Doctor:

[pause] I understand your situation, but there is little point giving you stronger
medicine if youre not also avoiding those things which are causing your problems.
The medicine wont fix your back. It may even cause you to injure yourself more
seriously.

Patient:

[becoming teary] Please, Doctor.

Doctor:

[pause] Mrs Lee, is there something else you need to tell me about?

575

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HO
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What is the patients main expectation regarding her condition?

to be free of the pain
to be able to cope with her pain
to understand the treatment options
to receive sympathy and understanding

dt
oT

A
B
C
D

Ph

69

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Doctor:

Lic

en

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70

The doctors final question is best described as

A
B
C
D

routine.
suspicious.
insensitive.
sympathetic.

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 71 and 72

2@
liv
e.c

When she was 14, Elizabeths older brother (Ted) died after a long illness. In this passage, Elizabeth,
now an adult, reflects on this period of her life.

10

15

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0

Ph

on

made her learn to assert her needs.

taught her to control her emotions.
finally forced her deep feelings to erupt.
allowed her to gradually understand her feelings.

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

How does Elizabeth suggest she viewed her fathers behaviour at the time of Teds death?

dt
oT

72

26

11
L(

Elizabeth says that in retrospect her easy exchange of boyfriends (line 13) was not such a bad thing
because these relationships

SB
EL

71

282

novocaine: a local anaesthetic commonly used by dentists to block pain during dental procedures

11

47

7)
tb

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19
9

My father immersed himself in his work after Ted died. Hed always done that to some degree. But
now he descended and did not come up for air. My mother, whose life had for so long revolved
around my brother, turned her formidable focus on me. I became her constant companion. Her solace
for having lost one child was that she had another one in whom to lose herself. It was bad timing. At
fourteen, I was just at the age when I was trying to find and assert my independence. And the years
on the side-lines of my brothers illness had long since made me decide I didnt, couldnt need my
parents. I resolved the dilemma by appearing, on the surface, the perpetual child my mother wanted
me to be, while quietly turning to the adolescents novocaine1 alcohol and drugs establishing a
pattern of demure self-destruction that would last more than a decade.

Later I would add an eating disorder to my repertoire of dysfunctional coping first anorexia,
then bulimia, then obsessive exercise. Relationships became another common refuge, until they
became demanding rather than distracting. I discovered that I was very good at shutting off emotion,
abruptly. If one boyfriend got too threatening, too connected, I could exchange him for another
quite easily. It wasnt such a bad thing, in retrospect, because somehow I always found myself in
relationships in which my needs were overlooked, a state of affairs that would eventually trigger in
me an inexplicable and very old rage.

with gratitude
with bitterness
with sympathy
with indifference

Lic

en

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A
B
C
D

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
33

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 73 76

2@
liv
e.c

The following passage is from a short story. Nick is in bed when he receives a phone call from his
friend, Philip, husband of Anthea.

10

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9

The phone rang close to midnight, jerking Nick back from the brink of sleep.

Nick Harvey.

Nick I hope I havent woken you.

Im sorry, he mumbled, still drugged with sleep. Who is this?

Nick, its Philip. Philip Tandy. I know its late, but its important. Im trying to track down a
horrible rumour.

The words splashed his ears like cold water; he was instantly awake.

Its about Anthea, the voice continued. A horrible lie. I wonder if youd heard it?

Nick was cautious, noncommittal: I heard something. It was a bit vague.

I thought you might have. Ive just been speaking to Josie and David they seemed to think
they first heard the rumour from you.

Nick was dumbfounded: When was this?

A few minutes ago, Philip said. Ive just got off the phone to David.

No, when was I supposed to have told them?

At some school function. A month ago. They are certain it came from you.

Nick shivered in his warm bed, momentarily lost for words. This was simply not true. In fact,
the opposite was true: he was certain he had first heard the story from Josie. But what could he say?
His closest friends had already turned him in; it seemed petty, given the gravity of the rumour itself,
to quibble. And he had passed the rumour on to his friends, perhaps, but certainly to his wife. And
through her to other friends.

15

20

26

11

(Later, Nick is listening to his wife, Cassie, discuss the incident with a friend on the phone.)

on

25

30

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Ph

HO
MA

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EL

L(

Can you believe he would ring Really? He rang them too? He must be ringing everyone
like a chain letter. I wonder where hell end up not here, thank God of course, I dont blame
him. Imagine how Anthea is feeling! No, I couldnt face her If its not true its almost as bad.

Nick took up this last odd nuance with Cassie when she had finally finished on the phone, some
minutes later.

What do you mean: almost as bad? he said. If she hasnt got cancer, what does it matter?

She seemed surprised that he didnt understand. How would you feel if people believed you
had cancer? Wouldnt it make you uneasy?

It wouldnt worry me in the slightest. I havent got cancer.

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Philips words I hope I havent woken you (line 3) are most likely said with

75

In line 8, regarding the rumour, Philip asks of Nick, I wonder if youd heard it?.

e:
0

SB
EL

26

11

openly accuse Nick of disloyalty.

solicit Nicks knowledge and advice.
see if Nick can confirm his suspicions.
demonstrate to Nick that he does not suspect him.

L(

A
B
C
D

11

Philips intention here is most likely to

The way Cassie speaks about Philips behaviour (lines 2224) suggests that she finds it
appropriate and necessary.
rude despite its reasonableness.
ridiculous to the point of being humorous.
melodramatic despite being understandable.

Lic

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dt
oT

Ph

HO
MA

A
B
C
D

on

76

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19
9

obligation.
persecution.
protectiveness.
vindictiveness.

47

A
B
C
D

Philips actions seem to stem mainly from feelings of

282

74

timidity.
open hostility.
genuine courtesy.
dismissive formality.

2@
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A
B
C
D

7)
tb

73

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Section 2

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
35

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Section 2

om
.

Questions 77 79

2@
liv
e.c

The following passage is taken from a play. Barbara and Stuart are an Australian couple who have
moved to Denmark for six months where Stuart has a job at a university. They have moved into an
apartment with their two young sons.
1

Stuart:

What do you want to do?

Barbara:

Read, think, anything! Maybe even work on my thesis1.

Stuart:

You said you wouldnt.

Barbara:

What harm would it do?

Stuart:

Barbara, you promised. We agreed to come here on the clear understanding that you
wouldnt work on your thesis for the six months we were away.

Barbara:

Ive thought that one through and I dont think it was a reasonable thing to ask.

Stuart:

So you make a bargain back home and try to wriggle out of it as soon as you get
here.

Barbara:

I dont think it was a reasonable thing to ask.

Stuart:

Then why didnt you say so at the time?

Barbara:

I wasnt sure at the time, but since weve got here Ive had time to think.

11

Stuart:

About what?

12

Barbara:

About our marriage, and Im worried.

Stuart:

Theres nothing wrong with our marriage.

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thesis: written work submitted for a university degree

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Stuart, we must have that babysitter whether we can afford it or not. The kids are
wonderful, I love them, but after Ive spent one day with them I feel as if Ive lost
twenty sophisticated words from my vocabulary forever.

19
9

Barbara:

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Stuarts reaction to Barbaras proposal that she could work on her thesis is best described as

spontaneous retort.
carefully planned rejoinder.
hasty retreat from her former stance.
sympathetic acknowledgement of Stuarts concerns.

insecure
disillusioned
helpless
intimidated

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troubled
controlling
vulnerable
confused

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A
B
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Which pair of words most accurately describes how Barbara and Stuart appear in the passage?

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B
C
D

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Barbaras response in (7) is best described as a

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detached.
anguished.
obstructive.
unrestrained.

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A
B
C
D

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Section 2

CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 2

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Questions 80 82

Opening
Step 1

Ok now, lets sort this out.

Jackie, exactly what happened?
Keisha, now you tell me what happened.

Step 2

How did you feel when she hit you?

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The following has been offered as a guided dialogue for teachers and child-carers when confronting
a fight in the playground.

19
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How do you think she felt when you pushed her?

Why do you think this fight happened?

Step 4

What could you do differently if this happens again?

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Step 3

What can we do now so we can all return to what we were doing before the fight?
Ok, go back and play.

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only hurt one another by accident.

do not care if they hurt one another.
are too young to understand how other people feel.
will not hurt others if they understand how they feel.

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A
B
C
D

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The Step 2 questions appear to be based on the assumption that children

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see if one of the children is lying.

find out who is primarily to blame.
let each child give her view of events.
get the children to agree about what happened.

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B
C
D

11

The main aim of the Step 1 questions appears to be to

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Closing

Which of the following responses to the Step 3 question would a teacher following the guided dialogue
prefer to hear?
Because she hit me first.
Because everyone picks on me.
Because I have a right to play too.
Because I thought she did it on purpose.

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Section 2

om
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Questions 83 and 84

In the following passage, a man reflects on how his brothers death affected his father.

84

7)
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to illustrate his own grief

to describe his own sense of helplessness
to show the magnitude of his fathers grief
to criticise the treatment his father received

47

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B
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D

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What is the writers main point in this passage?

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When my brother died of cancer in 1966 at age thirty-nine, my father began a grieving process that lasted almost
twenty-five years. During that time he suffered from chronic, debilitating headaches that could not be cured. At one
point, a doctor tried to tell him that his headaches were related to his grief, but my father persisted in regarding the
pain as a medical problem, and the torment continued. After my fathers death at eighty-six, I thought about how
he could have been helped.

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a limited manner.
an uncaring manner.
a conscientious manner.
a self-interested manner.

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A
B
C
D

11

Regarding his father, the writer thinks the medical profession behaved in

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DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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Section 3
Non-Verbal Reasoning

Questions 85 98

Questions 85 122

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SECTION 3

Next in the Series

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86

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For each of the following items, select the alternative (A, B, C, D or E) that most logically and simply continues
the series.

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Section 3

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CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 3

575

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Section 3

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Section 3

7)
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Section 3
Missing Segment

om
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Questions 99 110

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For each of the following items, select the alternative (A, B, C, D or E) that most logically and simply completes
the picture.

19
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99

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Section 3

7)
tb

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Section 3

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Section 3
108

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$$$
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$$$

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Section 3
Middle of the Sequence

om
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Questions 111 122

In each of the following items, the five figures can be rearranged to form a logical sequence.

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For each item, select the alternative (A, B, C, D or E) that most logically and simply fits the middle of the
sequence.

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CONTINUE STRAIGHT ON
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Section 3

7)
tb

116

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Section 3

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119

END OF TEST

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om
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2@
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19
9

ACER thanks rights holders who have kindly granted permission to reproduce the
material cited below. Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright.
However, should any infringement have occurred, ACER tenders its apology
and invites copyright owners to contact ACER at <permissions@acer.edu.au>.

Lic

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Extract from Brick Lane by Monica Ali, published by

Black Swan/Doubleday. Reprinted by permission of The Random House Group Ltd;
Thea Astley, Drylands, Penguin Group (Australia), Melbourne, 1999; Chris Eipper,
Dieback, McPhee Gribble: Melbourne, 1990; Elizabeth J. Bruce and Cynthia L.
Schultz, Through Loss, ACER Press: Camberwell Vic., 2004; Elizabeth De VitaRaeburn, The Empty Room: Surviving the Loss of a Brother or Sister at Any Age,
Scribner: New York, 2004; Peter Goldsworthy, Little Deaths, Angus & Robertson
(HarperCollins), 1993; John H. Harvey, Give Sorrow Words: Perspectives on Loss
and Trauma, Brunner/Mazel: Philadelphia, PA, 2000; Henry Handel Richardson, The
Coat, eBooks@Adelaide 2004; Extract from Corporate Vibes by David Williamson
Copyright 1999. Reproduced by permission from Currency Press Pty Ltd, Sydney
Australia; Extract from The Perfectionist by David Williamson Copyright
1983. Reproduced by permission from Currency Press Pty Ltd, Sydney Australia.

55

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12

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34

13

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14

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17

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18

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96

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ANSWERS

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