What We Know About Music and The Brain: 0abcd

Part 1
For questions 1 12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Example:
0 A expressed B directed C indicated D guided
0ABCD
What we know about music and the brain

Work on the human brain has (0) .. how different parts are centres of activity
for different skills,
feelings, perceptions and so on. It has also been shown that the left and right
halves, or
hemispheres, of the brain are (1) .. for different functions. While language is
processed in the left,
or analytical hemisphere, music is processed in the right, or emotional hemisphere.
(2) .. of
music like tone, pitch and melody are all probably processed in different parts of the
brain. Some
features of musical experience are processed not just in the auditory parts of the
brain, but in the
visual ones. We dont yet fully understand the (3) .. of this.
The tempo of music seems to be (4) .. related to its emotional impact, with fast
music often
(5) .. as happier and slower music as sadder. It is the same with the major
biological rhythm of
the body: our heart (6) .. quickens when were happy, but slows when were
sad. Military music
may have (7) .. from attempts to get us ready for (8) .. by using fast
drumming to (9) ..
our hearts into beating faster. Music is perhaps one of the most complex
experiences the brain
(10) .. with and it has become an absolutely (11) .. part of our rituals and
ceremonies. It has
power beyond language to (12) .. mood and co-ordinate our emotional states.
1 A amenable B dependable C responsible D reliable
2 A Views B Aspects C Factors D Pieces
3 A expectations B implications C assumptions D propositions
4 A surely B plainly C evidently D directly
5 A felt B endured C encountered D touched
6 A pulse B speed C pace D rate
7 A evolved B extended C advanced D elevated
8 A battle B fight C quarrel D struggle
9 A activate B motivate C stimulate D animate
10 A manages B copes C bears D holds
11 A vital B important C compulsory D dominant
12 A notify B report C associate D communicate
Part 2
For questions 13 27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits
each gap. Use only
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example: 0 B Y
Mosquitoes
According to the World Health Organisation, malaria, a disease spread (0) ........
mosquitoes, affects
millions of people every year. Everyone knows how irritating the noise made by a
mosquito,
(13) .. by a painful reaction to its bite, can be. It is astonishing that so (14)
.. is known about
why mosquitoes are drawn to or driven away from people, given (15) .. level of
distress and
disease caused by these insects. We know that the most effective chemical (16)
.. protecting
people against mosquitoes is diethyltoluamide, commonly shortened (17) ..
deet. (18) .. deet
works well, it has some serious drawbacks: it can damage clothes and some people
are allergic to it.
Scientists know that mosquitoes find some people more attractive than others, but
they do not know
(19) .. this should be. They also know that people vary in (20) .. reactions
to mosquito bites.
One person has a painful swelling while (21) .. who is bitten by the same
mosquito (22) ..
hardly notice. Scientists have (23) .. discovered the reason for this, but they
have carried
(24) .. experiments to show that mosquitoes are attracted to, or put (25) ..
by, certain smells.
In the future, scientists hope to develop a smell that mosquitoes cannot resist. This
could be used in
a trap (26) .. that, instead of attacking people, mosquitoes would fly into the
trap and be
destroyed. For the time (27) .. however, we have to continue spraying
ourselves with unpleasant
liquids if we want to avoid getting bitten.
Part 3
For questions 28 37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the
end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at
the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example: 0 C O M P A R I S O N
An ancient tree
In Totteridge, in north London, there is a yew tree estimated to be between
1,000 and 2,000 years old. This tree, however, is a mere youngster in
(0) .. with others of the species. The record in the UK is held by a yew in
Scotland that is thought to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old. However,
such trees are becoming (28) .. rare and the Totteridge specimen was
considered of (29) .. importance to be named in 1999 as one of the 41
great trees in London. Like many yews, the Totteridge tree (30) ..
predates the buildings around it and its exact age is unknown.
The Totteridge tree needs little (31) .. . Some of its outer branches hang
down so low that they have taken root. But this is part of the trees natural
architecture and contributes to its (32) .. in high winds. With the best of
(33) .. , ancient yew sites are often tidied up with no benefit to the tree.
Dead branches are not (34) .. shed by the tree and their wood harbours a
multitude of insects, an inseparable part of the old trees natural (35) .. .
Something of the trees history is lost with the (36) .. of dead wood. After
all, the decaying, twisted and (37) .. parts give the tree character.
COMPARE
INCREASE
SUFFICE
DOUBT
MAINTAIN
STABLE
INTEND
READY
DIVERSE
REMOVE
ATTRACT
Part 4
For questions 38 42, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all
three sentences.
Here is an example (0).
Example:
0 They say the new minister is a lovely person and very .. to talk to.
My neighbours have not had a very .. life, but they always seem
cheerful.
Its .. enough to see why the town is popular with tourists.
Example: 0 E A S Y
Write only the missing word IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer
sheet.
___________________________________________________________________________________
38 I cant see the .. of all this paperwork, can you?
I was so frustrated that I was on the .. of giving up, but my piano
teacher
persuaded me to keep on practising.
Now, lets move on to the final .. for discussion at this meeting.
39 I think its .. to say that not everyone in the boardroom agreed with
the decision
about the site of the new factory.
Rita complained that it was not .. that she had a smaller company car
than her
colleagues.
My husband looks nothing like his brothers and sisters because he is so
.. .
Turn over
40 The workers at the car factory are at present .. in negotiations to

improve their
position.
As the business expanded and more staff were required, the company ..
the
services of a recruitment agency.
When my brother and his new girlfriend announced that they were .. it
took the
whole family by surprise.
41 The instructions were written in such a complicated way that Joe had to spend a
long time
.. out how to set up the printer.
First results indicated that the new drug was .. and had no side effects.
John was annoyed to find the drinks machine was not .. yet again.
42 Lisa is in .. while Im away from the office, OK?
Theyve introduced a small .. for parking outside the station.
The protestors moved back quickly in reaction to a sudden .. by the
police.
Part 5
For questions 43 50, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and
six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:
0 James would only speak to the head of department alone.
ON
James .... to the head of department alone.
The gap can be filled with the words insisted on speaking, so you write:
Example: 0 INSISTED ON SPEAKING
Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer
sheet.
__________________________________________________________________________________
43 There were a lot of things that we had to think about before we could accept
their offer.
OBLIGED
There were several things that we .... consideration before
we
could accept their offer.
44 Do you think you could help me to fill in this application form?
WONDERING
I .... me a hand filling in this application form.
45 I know that it was wrong of me to shout in front of the customers.
RAISED
I know that I should .... in front of the customers.
46 If you need any help, you can always call me.
HESITATE
If you need any help, .... me.
47 It hasnt rained quite as much this year as in previous years.
SLIGHTLY
This year, it has rained .... did in previous years.

48 Unless the weather improves, they will have to stop the tennis match.
MEAN
If the weather doesnt get .... stopping the tennis match.
49 I dont mind whether we stay in or go out this evening, but John wants to go to
the cinema.
DIFFERENCE
It doesnt .... whether we stay in or go out this evening, but
John
wants to go to the cinema.
50 Its possible that the thieves entered the building by forcing a window at the
back.
BROKEN
The thieves may .... the building through a window at the
back.
THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING
Time was when physicists dreamed of
a final theory of fundamental physics,
a perfect set of equations that would
describe every force and particle in
nature. Today that dream is being
overtaken by the suspicion that there
is no such thing. Some even fear that
all attempts at a deeper understanding
of nature are dead ends. This will lend
support to those who have long
claimed
that
research
into
fundamental physics is a waste of time
and money; that at best it provides
answers to obscure questions which
few people understand or care about.
So do these reservations undermine
pure physics as a scientific pursuit?
Surely, it makes no difference if the
truths that physicists seek turn out to
be more complex and messy than they
once hoped. It could even make the
search more intriguing. There are as
many profound questions out there as
there have ever been, and to answer
them physicists need the
kind of hard experimental evidence

that can only come from pure
research.
Can we, therefore, justify spending the
huge sums of money that such
research demands? What it boils
down to is whether we think the
search for fundamental truths is
important. This quest for knowledge is
a defining human quality, but its hard
to quantify how our lives have been
improved by it. There have been
plenty of technological spin-offs from
the space race and other experiments.
But the spin-offs are not the point. In
showing us how the universe works,
fundamental physics could also tell us
something profound about ourselves.
And for that, a few billion dollars would
be a small price to pay.
5. According to the writer, technological spin-offs from scientific research

A do not justify the sums invested in it.
B reveal the true aims of those promoting it.
C should convince the public of the value of it.
D should not be the main reason for pursuing it.
6 .In this piece, the writer is generally

A distrustful of those who doubt the value of pure research.
B supportive of those wishing to carry out pure research.
C sceptical about the long-term benefits of pure research.
D optimistic about the prospects of funding for pure research

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Part 1

What we know about music and the brain

40 The workers at the car factory are at present .. in negotiations to

This year, it has rained .... did in previous years.

kind of hard experimental evidence

5. According to the writer, technological spin-offs from scientific research

6 .In this piece, the writer is generally

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