Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 80 views

    International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences Issn 0975-6299

    Uploaded by

    Kwan Silvea X Lima
    This document summarizes a study that used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Acanthophora spicifera, a species of red seaweed. GC-MS identified 24 constituents in the extract, with the major ones being octanol, piperazine, benzoic acid, and octadecenoic acid. These compounds are known to have properties like pesticidal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The identification of these bioactive constituents suggests A. spicifera may have applications as a potential source of compounds for the medical and agricultural industries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences Issn 0975-6299

    Uploaded by

    Kwan Silvea X Lima
    80 views5 pages
    This document summarizes a study that used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Acanthophora spicifera, a species of red seaweed. GC-MS identified 24 constituents in the extract, with the major ones being octanol, piperazine, benzoic acid, and octadecenoic acid. These compounds are known to have properties like pesticidal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The identification of these bioactive constituents suggests A. spicifera may have applications as a potential source of compounds for the medical and agricultural industries.

    Original Title

    78.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes a study that used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Acanthophora spicifera, a species of red seaweed. GC-MS identified 24 constituents in the extract, with the major ones being octanol, piperazine, benzoic acid, and octadecenoic acid. These compounds are known to have properties like pesticidal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The identification of these bioactive constituents suggests A. spicifera may have applications as a potential source of compounds for the medical and agricultural industries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views5 pages

    International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences Issn 0975-6299

    Uploaded by

    Kwan Silvea X Lima
    This document summarizes a study that used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Acanthophora spicifera, a species of red seaweed. GC-MS identified 24 constituents in the extract, with the major ones being octanol, piperazine, benzoic acid, and octadecenoic acid. These compounds are known to have properties like pesticidal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The identification of these bioactive constituents suggests A. spicifera may have applications as a potential source of compounds for the medical and agricultural industries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): (B) 649 - 653

    Research Article

    Bio chemistry

    International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences

    ISSN
    0975-6299

    GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ACANTHOPHORA SPICIFERA


    G. FLORA* AND S. MARIA VICTORIAL RANI
    St. Marys College (Autonomous) Thoothukudi-1

    ABSTRACT
    Acanthophora spicifera is one of the bioactive compound rich seaweed, which exhibit
    potent antitumor and antibacterial activity against human cancer cell lines and bacteria.
    In the present study, the methanolic extract of A. spicifera has been subjected to GCMS analysis. Twenty four chemical constituents have been identified. The major
    constituents are octanol, piperazine, benzoic acid and octadecenoic acid. These
    compounds are invariably having pesticidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
    properties.
    KEYWORDS: Cancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Acanthophora spicifera

    G. FLORA
    St. Marys College (Autonomous) Thoothukudi-1

    *Corresponding author

    This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net


    B - 649

    Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): (B) 649 - 653

    INTRODUCTION
    Marine environment occupies about two third
    of the earths surface and the future of the
    world population depends mainly on this
    environment for its food, industrial raw
    materials and other live saving drugs.
    Seaweeds are marine macro algae and
    primitive type of plants, growing abundantly in
    the shallow waters of sea estuaries and back
    water. They flourish wherever rocky foral or
    suitable substrate are available for their
    attachment. The seaweed flora of India is
    highly diversified and comprises mostly of
    tropical species. The rock beaches, mud flats,
    estuaries, coral reefs and lagoons along the
    Indian coast provide an ideal habitat for growth
    of seaweeds. A total of 25 species of green
    seaweeds 90 species of brown and 350
    species of red seaweeds are found in the
    world sea area that are commercially important
    because of their protein, amino acids and
    mineral contents [1]. These marine algae have
    evolved unique and highly specialized
    biochemical pathways to adapt to their sea
    water medium and survival pressures which
    gave rise to unparallel variety of biochemical
    composition in marine algae. For human these
    nutritional biochemical constituents have been
    used for centuries. Many species of algae have
    been used in the industry for extractions of
    phycocolloids (algin, carrageenan and agar).
    Certain edible seaweeds contain significant
    quantities of protein, lipids, minerals, vitamins
    [2] and 20-50% minerals in their dry weight [3].
    Marine algae serve as important resources of
    bioactive natural products [4]. The production
    of antimicrobial activities was considered to be
    an indicator of the capacity of the seaweeds to
    synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites [5].
    There are numerous reports of compounds
    derived from macro algae with a broad range
    of biological activities, such as antibacterial,
    antifungal [6], antiviral [7], antitumoral [8]
    anticoagulant [9]. The vast varieties of
    seaweeds were found to possess useful
    untapped biochemical compounds, which
    might be a potential source of drug leads in the

    future.
    Acanthophora
    spicifera
    (Vahl)
    Borgessen is more known as drift red algae
    that locally so called bulung tumbung bideng
    in Malaysian tropical seawater. It is an erect
    edible plant possess numerous spines along
    the branches except for main branches. It
    occurs in wide range of habitats, as an
    epiphyte on other algae, on hard bottom or
    normally as drift algae due to its tolerance to
    high motions of wave [10]. The colour can be
    shades of red, orange, dark brown depending
    on the water level or wave motion. A.
    spicifera is utilized by human as raw foods for
    diets, raw salads and as flavouring and
    thickening ingredients in cooking [11]. Several
    previous studies have revealed the bioactivity
    of active compounds isolated from the
    Acanthophora sp. such as antibacterial [12],
    antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-implantation [13] and
    anti-fouling activity. Steroids and fatty acids
    ester of A. spicifera were reported to exhibit
    potent antitumor and antibacterial activity
    against human cancer cell lines and bacteria
    [14]. Hence it is intended to identify the
    phytochemical constituents with the aid of GCMS technique.
    GCMS ANALYSIS
    Preparation of extract [15]
    Acanthophora spicifera was shade dried and
    powdered. 20 g of the powdered seaweed was
    soaked in 95% ethanol for 12 h. The extracts
    were then filtered through Whatman filter paper
    No.41 along with 2 gm sodium sulfate to
    remove the sediments and traces of water in
    the filtrate. Before filtering, the filter paper
    along with sodium sulphate was wetted with
    95% ethanol. The filtrate was then
    concentrated by bubbling nitrogen gas into the
    solution. The extract contained both polar and
    non-polar phytocomponents. 2 l of the
    solution was employed for GC-MS analysis.
    Analysis
    GC-MS analysis was performed using GC
    clarus 500 Perkin Elmer system comprising a

    This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net


    B - 650

    Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): (B) 649 - 653

    AOC-20i autosampler and gas chromatograph


    interfaced to a mass spectrometer instrument
    employing the following conditions: column
    elite-1 fused silica capillary column (30 0.25
    mm ID 1EM df, composed of 100% dimethyl
    polysiloxane), operating in electron impact
    mode at 70 eV;helium (99.999%) was used as
    carrier gas at a constant flow of 1ml/min and
    an injection volume of 0.5 EI was employed
    (split ratio of10:1) injector temperature 250C;
    ion-source temperature 280C. The oven
    temperature was programmed from 110C
    (isothermal for 2 min), with an increase of
    10C/min, to 200C, then 5C/min to280C,
    ending with a 9 min isothermal at 280C. Mass
    spectra were taken at 70 eV; a scan interval of
    0.5s and fragments from 40 to 550 Da.
    IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS
    From the spectrum obtained by GC-MS
    analysis the components were identified to
    possible extent by using the database of
    National Institute Standard and Technology
    (NIST) having more than 62,000 patterns. The
    spectrum of the unknown component was
    compared with the spectrum of the known

    components stored in the NIST library. The


    name, molecular weight and the structure of
    the components of the test materials were
    ascertained.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


    A high resolution mass spectrum equipped with
    a data system in combination with Gas
    chromatography was used for the analysis of
    bioactive components present in
    them
    ethanolic extract of A. spicifera. Based on
    spectral data it was found that the extract
    contained a mixture of volatile compounds. A
    total of 24 peaks were observed with retention
    times as presented in Fig.1. and Table-1. The
    active constituents were 1-hexanol 2- ethyl, 1
    octanol 3,7 diemethyl, piperazine, benzoic
    acid, hexadecane, hexadecanoic acid and
    octadecenoic
    acid
    (Table-2).
    These
    compounds are invariably having pesticidal,
    anthelmentic,
    antifungal,
    antimicrobial,
    antioxidant, insect repellent, nematicidal and
    cancer preventive properties,which could be
    further isolated, purified and confirmed to be
    utilized in medical and agricultural industries.

    Table4
    Biocomponents identified in the methanolic extract of Acanthophora spicifera by GC-MS
    S.No.

    RT

    Name of the compound

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9

    2.24
    2.32
    2.49
    264
    3.05
    3.12
    3.21
    3.98
    4.18

    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15

    4.5
    4.68
    4.85
    5.53
    5.64
    5.75

    Propane ,1-(1,1 dimethylethoxy)-2, 2-dimethylD-Fructose, diethyl mercaptal, pentaacetate


    Octane, 3,5- dimethyl1-Hexanol, 2- ethyl1 Octanol, 3,7 diemethylPiperazine, 1 nitroso
    Octadecane, 3 ethyl 5 (2 ethylbutyl)Benzoic Acid
    9,12,15 Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-phenyl-1, 3dioxan-5-yl ester
    1-Propanol, 3-(octadecyloxy)Benzaldehyde, 3,4 dimethylEthanol, 2- (octadecyloxy)1-Dodecanol, 3,7,11 trimethyl
    17 Pentatriacontene
    Hexadecane, 1,1-bis (dodecyloxy)-

    Molecular
    Formula

    MW

    Peak
    Area %

    C9H20O
    C20H32O10S2
    C10H22
    C8H18O
    C10H22O
    C4H9N3O
    C26H54
    C7H6O2
    C28H40O4

    144
    496
    142
    130
    158
    115
    366
    122
    440

    1.64
    3.02
    13.35
    4.79
    5.29
    3.40
    1.51
    10.71
    2.64

    C21H44O2
    C9H10O
    C20H42O2
    C15H32O
    C35H70
    C40H82O2

    328
    134
    314
    228
    490
    594

    2.14
    2.64
    1.01
    2.52
    3.40
    3.15

    This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net


    B - 651

    Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): (B) 649 - 653
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22

    8.98
    10.36
    11.08
    11.35
    13.42
    21.42
    25.07

    23
    24

    25.48
    29.82

    Triazene, 1,3-bis(4-methoxyfurazan-3-yl)-3-propylNonadecane
    Eicosanoic acid
    Ethyl iso allocholate
    n-Hexadecanoic acid
    Di-n-octyl phthalate
    9-Octadecenoic acid, (2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolan 4-yl)
    methyl ester, cis4,8,12- Tetradecatrien 1-ol, 5,9,13-trimethylCholesta 8, 24 dien- 3 ol, 4-methyl-, (3a,4a)-

    C9H13N7O4
    C19H40
    C20H40O2
    C26H44O5
    C16H32O2
    C24H38O4
    C28H44O4

    283
    268
    312
    436
    256
    390
    444

    1.26
    1.89
    3.15
    1.01
    8.44
    6.68
    4.66

    C17H30O
    C28H46O

    250
    398

    7.81
    3.80

    Table5
    Bioactivecomponents identified in A. spicifera extract by GC-MS.
    RT

    Name of the compound

    Compound nature

    Activity

    2.64
    3.05
    3.12

    1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl
    1-Octanol, 3,7 dimethyl
    Piperazine, 1-nitroso

    Fatty alcohol
    Esters in essential oil

    3.98
    5.75

    Benzoic acid
    Hexadecane, 1,1 bis (dodecyloxy)

    Benzoic acid
    Palmitic acid ester

    Flavor and fragrance agent


    neurological tremors
    anthelmintic,
    antifungal
    pesticide
    Antimicrobial, insect repellent
    Antioxidant
    hyocholesterolemic pesticide

    11.35
    13.42

    Ethyl iso allocholate


    n-Hexadecanoic acid

    Steroid
    Palmitic acid

    25.07

    9 Octadecenoic acid (2 phenyl -1, 3dixitan 4 ye)methyl ester

    Linolenic acid

    Antioxidant,
    hypocholesterolemi,
    nematicides, pesticide
    Anti
    inflammotry
    hypocholesterolmic,
    cancer
    preventine,
    nematicide,
    insectifuge, antizemic

    Figure 1
    .Chromatogram of A.spicifera by GC-MS.

    This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net


    B - 652

    Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): (B) 649 - 653

    REFERENCE
    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

    7.

    8.

    Santhanam, R.N., Remananthan and G.


    Jagathusan. 1990. Coastal Aquaculture in
    India. C.B.S. Publishers and Distributors.
    pp. 159-162.
    Norziah M.H. and Y. Ching 2002.
    Nutritional composition of edible seaweeds
    Gracilaria changgi. Food Chemistry. 68:
    69-76
    Kazutosi N 2002. Seaweeds kaiso:
    bountiful
    harvest
    from
    the
    seas:
    sustenance for health & well being by
    preventing common life-style related
    diseases .
    Metzger P, Roger M. N. and Largean C
    2002. Botryolins A ans B, two tetramethyl
    sequalene
    triethers from the green
    microalga
    Botryoccus
    braunic.
    Phytochemistry. 59: 839-843.
    Gonzlez del Val A, G. Platas, A. Basilio,
    A. Cabello, J. Gorrochategui, I. Suay, F.
    Vicente E. Portillo, Jimnez del Rio M,
    Garcia RG, Pelez F 2001. Screening of
    antimicrobial activities in red, green and
    brown macroalgae from Gran Canaria
    (Canary Islands, Spain). Int. Microbial. 4:
    35-40.
    Lima-Filho J.V.M, Carvalho A.F.F.U,
    Freitas S.M, Melo V.M.M (2002).
    Antibacterial activity of extracts of six
    macroalgae
    from
    the
    northeastern
    Brasilian coast. Braz. J. Microbiol. 33: 311314.
    Richards J.T, Kern E.R, Glasgow L.A,
    Overall J.C, Deign E.F, Hatch M.T 1978.
    Antiviral activity of extracts from Marine
    algae.
    Antimicrob.
    Agents
    Chemother.14(1): 24
    Espeche M. E, E. R.Fraile, A. M. S. Mayer
    1984. Screening of Argentine marine
    algae
    from
    antimicrobial
    activity.
    Hydrobiologia 116/117: 525- 528.

    9.

    10.

    11.

    12.

    13.

    14.

    15.

    Athukorala Y, Ki-Wan Lee, K. Se-Kwon, J.


    You-Jin 2006. Anticoagulant activity of
    marine green and brown algae collected
    from Jeju Island in Korea. Bioresour.
    Technol. 98(9): 1711-1716.
    Kilar J.A. and J. McLachlan 1986.
    Ecological
    Studies
    of
    the
    Alga,
    Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borg.
    (Ceramiales: Rhodophyta): Vegetative
    Fragmentation. J. Experimental Marine
    Biology and Ecol.104: 1-21.
    Phang S.M., 2006. Seaweed resources in
    Malaysia: (Current status and future
    prospects
    Aquatic Ecosystem
    Health and Manage. 9: 185-202.
    Ganesan P, C.S. Kumar and N. Bhaskar
    2008. Antioxidant properties of methanol
    extracts and its solvent fractions obtained
    from India red seaweeds. Bioresource
    Technol. 99: 2717- 2723.
    Duarte M.E.R,
    J.P. Cauduro, G.D.
    Noseda, M.D.Noseda, A.G. Goncalves,
    C.A. Pujol, E.B. Damonte and A.S. Cerezo
    2004.
    The
    agaran
    sulfate
    from
    Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodomelaceae,
    Ceramiales) and its antiviral activity.
    Relation between structure and antiviral
    activity in agarans. Carbohydrate Res.
    339: 335-347.
    Han L, D. Shi, F. Xu, Z. Yuan, J. Sun
    and J. Shi 2009. Bioactive sterols from
    red
    alga Acanthophora spicifera
    boergesen. Zhongguo Zhongyaozazhi
    Zhongguozhongyaozazhi. China
    J.
    Chinese MateriaMedica.34: 60-63.
    Merlin, N. J., V. Parthasarathy, R.
    Manavalan and S. Kumaravel
    2009.
    Chemical
    investigation of aerial parts of Gmelina
    asiatica Linn.by GC-MS. Pharmacog.
    res.1(3): 152-156.

    This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net


    B - 653

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy