Last Judgment

Judgment Day redirects here. For other uses, see Last

Judgment (disambiguation) and Judgment Day (disambiguation).
The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Judg-

Memlings Day of Judgement, 1467-1471.

is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few

there be that nd it. Beware of false prophets,
which come to you in sheeps clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. Ye shall know
them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes
of thorns, or gs of thistles? Even so, every
good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. A good tree
cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. Every tree that
bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and
cast into the re. Therefore, by their fruits ye
shall know them. Not every one that saith unto
me: Lord, Lord, shall enter into the Kingdom
of Heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in Heaven. Many will say to me
in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out
devils? and in thy name done many wonderful
works? And then will I profess unto them, I
never knew you: depart from me, ye that work
iniquity. (Matthew 7:13-23)

Stefan Lochner, Last Judgement, c. 1435. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne.

ment, Judgment Day, or The Day of the Lord or in

Islam Yawm al-Qiymah or Yawm ad-Din is part of
the eschatological world view of the Abrahamic religions
and in the Frashokereti of Zoroastrianism.
In Christian theology, it is the nal and eternal judgment by God of every nation.[1] The concept is found
in all the Canonical gospels, particularly the Gospel of
Matthew. Christian Futurists believe it will take place after the Resurrection of the Dead and the Second Coming
of Christ while Full Preterists believe it has already occurred. The Last Judgment has inspired numerous artistic
depictions.

1
1.1

Christianity
Biblical sources

Then said one unto him, Lord, are there

few that be saved? And he said unto them,
Strive to enter in at the strait gate: for many,
I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall
not be able. When once the master of the house
is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye
begin to stand without, and to knock at the
door, saying, Lord, Lord, open unto us; and
he shall answer and say unto you, I know you
not whence ye are: Then shall ye begin to say,
We have eaten and drunk in thy presence, and
thou hast taught in our streets. But he shall say,

The doctrine and iconographic depiction of the Last

Judgment are drawn from many passages from the
apocalyptic sections of the Bible, but most notably from
Jesus teaching of the strait gate in the Gospel of Matthew
and also found in the Gospel of Luke:
Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is
the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth
to destruction, and many there be which go in
thereat: Because strait is the gate, and narrow
1

1
I tell you, I know you not whence ye are; depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity. There
shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when
ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob,
and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God,
and you yourselves thrust out. (Luke 13:23-28)

It also appears in the Sheep and the Goats section of

Matthew where the judgment seems entirely based on
help given or refused to one of the least of these my
brethren[2] who are identied in Matthew 12 as whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven.[3]
When the Son of Man comes in his glory,
and all the angels with him, then he will sit on
the throne of his glory. All the nations will be
gathered before him, and he will separate people one from another as a shepherd separates
the sheep from the goats, and he will put the
sheep at his right hand and the goats at the left.
Then the king will say to those at his right hand,
Come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the
foundation of the world; for I was hungry and
you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave
me something to drink, I was a stranger and you
welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me
clothing, I was sick and you took care of me,
I was in prison and you visited me. (Matthew
25:3136),
And the king will answer them, Truly I tell
you, just as you did it to one of the least of
these who are members of my family, you did
it to me. Then he will say to those at his left
hand, You that are accursed, depart from me
into the eternal re prepared for the devil and
his angels; for I was hungry and you gave me no
food, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to
drink, I was a stranger and you did not welcome
me, naked and you did not give me clothing,
sick and in prison and you did not visit me.
(Matthew 25:4043)
Then he will answer them, Truly I tell you,
just as you did not do it to one of the least of
these, you did not do it to me. And these will go
away into eternal punishment, but the righteous
into eternal life. (Matthew 25:4546)

CHRISTIANITY

standing before the throne, and books were

opened. Then another book was opened, which
is the book of life. And the dead were judged
by what was written in the books, according to
what they had done. (Rev 20:1112)
Even now the axe is lying at the root of the
trees; every tree therefore that does not bear
good fruit is cut down and thrown into the re.
I baptize you with water for repentance, but
one who is more powerful than I is coming after me; I am not worthy to carry his sandals.
He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and
re. His winnowing fork is in his hand, and
he will clear his threshing-oor and will gather
his wheat into the granary; but the cha he will
burn with unquenchable re. (Matthew 3:1012)
Just as the weeds are collected and burned
up with re, so will it be at the end of the age.
The Son of Man will send his angels, and they
will collect out of his kingdom all causes of sin
and all evildoers, and they will throw them into
the furnace of re, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous
will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their
Father. Let anyone with ears listen! (Matthew
13:4043)
I tell you, my friends, do not fear those
who kill the body, and after that can do nothing
more. But I will warn you whom to fear: fear
him who, after he has killed, has authority to
cast into hell. Yes, I tell you, fear him!" (Luke
12:45)
I came to bring re to the earth, and how
I wish it were already kindled!" (Luke 12:49)

1.2 Catholicism
Belief in the last judgement (often linked with the
General judgment) is held rmly in Catholicism. Immediately upon death each soul undergoes the particular
judgment, and depending upon the state of the persons
soul, goes to heaven, purgatory, or hell. A soul in purgatory will always reach heaven, but those in hell will be
there eternally.

The doctrine is further supported by passages in the The last judgement will occur after the resurrection of
Books of Daniel, Isaiah and the Revelation:
the dead and the reuniting of a persons soul with own
physical body.[4] The Catholic Church teaches that at the
Then I saw a great white throne and him
time of the last judgement Christ will come in His glory,
who was seated on it. From his presence earth
and all the angels with him, and in his presence the truth
and sky ed away, and no place was found for
of each mans relationship with God will be laid bare, and
each person who has ever lived will be judged with perfect
them. And I saw the dead, great and small,

1.3

Eastern Orthodoxy

justice with those believing in Christ (and the unknown

number of the righteous ignorant of Christs teaching, but
who are mysteriously saved through by Christs atonement), going to everlasting bliss, and those who reject
Christ going to everlasting condemnation. At that time,
those already in heaven will remain in heaven; those already in hell will remain in hell; and those in purgatory
will be released into heaven. Following the last judgement, the bliss of heaven and the pains of hell will be perfected in that those present will also be capable of physical bliss/pain. After the last judgement the universe itself will be renewed with a new heaven and a new earth in
the World to Come. The Eastern Orthodox and Catholic
teachings on the last judgement dier only the exact nature of the in-between state of purgatory/Abrahams Bo- The Last Judgement, mural from Vorone Monastery, Romania.
som. These dierences may only be apparent and not
actual due to diering theological terminology and tradipart of traditional Orthodox teachingin fact, it contration (see Eastern Orthodox).
dicts the Orthodox understanding of the intercession of
the Saints.

1.3

Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy teaches that salvation is bestowed by

God as a free gift of Divine grace, which cannot be
earned, and by which forgiveness of sins is available to all.
However, the deeds done by each person are believed to
aect how he will be judged, following the Parable of the
Sheep and the Goats. How forgiveness is to be balanced
against behavior is not well-dened in scripture, judgment in the matter being solely Christs. Similarly, although Orthodoxy teaches that salvation is obtained only
through Christ and his Church, the fate of those outside
the Church at the Last Judgment is left to the mercy of
God and is not declared.

The last Judgment 17th-century icon from Lipie (Historic Museum in Sanok, Poland).

The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that there are two

judgments: the rst, or Particular Judgment, is that experienced by each individual at the time of his or her
death, at which time God will decide where[5] the soul
is to spend the time until the Second Coming of Christ
(see Hades in Christianity). This judgment is generally
believed to occur on the fortieth day after death. The second, General or Final Judgment will occur after the
Second Coming. Although in modern times some have
attempted to introduce the concept of Soul sleep into Orthodox thought about life after death, it has never been a

The Last Judgement, 1904

1.3.1 Iconography
The theme of the Last Judgment is extremely important
in Orthodoxy. Traditionally, an Orthodox church will

have a fresco or mosaic of the Last Judgment on the back

(western) wall, (see the 12th-century mosaic pictured at
the top of this page) so that the faithful, as they leave the
services, are reminded that they will be judged by what
they do during this earthly life.

CHRISTIANITY

will judge in righteousness[21] in the presence of all and

men and angels,[22] and his nal judgement will be just
damnation to everlasting punishment for the wicked and
a gracious gift of life everlasting to the righteous.[23]

The icon of the Last Judgement traditionally depicts 1.4.2 Millennialism

Christ Pantokrator, enthroned in glory on a white throne,
surrounded by the Theotokos (Virgin Mary), John the Main article: Millennialism
Baptist, Apostles, saints and angels. Beneath the throne Particularly among those Protestant groups who adhere
the scene is divided in half with the mansions of the righteous (John 14:2), i.e., those who have been saved to
Jesus right (the viewers left); and the torments of those
who have been damned to his left. Separating the two is
the River of re which proceeds from Jesus left foot. For
more detail, see below.
1.3.2

Hymnography

The theme of the Last Judgment is found in the funeral

and memorial hymnody of the Church, and is a major
theme in the services during Great Lent. The second Sunday before the beginning of Great Lent is dedicated to
the Last Judgment. It is also found in the hymns of the
Octoechos used on Saturdays throughout the year.

1.4

Protestantism

1.4.1

Amillennialism

Main article: Amillennialism

Amillennialism is common among some Protestant
denominations such as the Lutheran, Reformed and
Anglican churches. Many, but not all, partial preterists
are amillennialists. Amillennialism declined in Protestant
circles with the rise of Postmillennialism and the resurgence of Premillennialism in the 18th and 19th centuries,
but it has regained prominence in the West after World
War II.
Lutheranism Lutherans do not believe in any sort of
earthly millennial kingdom of Christ either before or after his second coming on the last day.[6] On the last day,[7]
all the dead will be resurrected.[8] Their souls will then be
reunited with the same bodies they had before dying.[9]
The bodies will then be changed, those of the wicked to
a state of everlasting shame and torment,[10] those of the
righteous to an everlasting state of celestial glory.[11] After the resurrection of all the dead,[12] and the change
of those still living,[13] all nations shall be gathered before Christ,[14] and he will separate the righteous from
the wicked.[15] Christ will publicly judge[16] all people by
the testimony of their faith [17] the good works[18] of
the righteous in evidence of their faith,[19] and the evil
works of the wicked in evidence of their unbelief.[20] He

William Blake's The Day of Judgment printed in 1808 to illustrate the Robert Blair's poem "The Grave".

to a millennialist eschatology, the Last Judgment is said

to be carried out before the Great White Throne by Jesus Christ to either eternal life or eternal consciousness
in the lake of re at the end of time. Salvation is granted
by grace based on the individuals surrender and commitment to Jesus Christ. A second particular judgment they
refer to as the Bema Seat judgement occurs after (or as)
salvation is discerned when awards are granted based on
works toward heavenly treasures.[24] What happens after
death and before the nal judgment is hotly contested;
some believe all people sleep in Sheol until the resurrection, others believe Christians dwell in Heaven and pagans wander the earth, and others consider the time to
pass instantaneously. Nevertheless, the body is not fully
redeemed until after Death is destroyed after the Great
Tribulation.
Protestant Millennialism falls into roughly two categories:
Premillennialist (Christs second coming precedes the
millennium) and Postmillennialist (which sees Christs
second coming as occurring after the millennium).
Dispensational premillennialism generally holds that Israel and the Church are separate. It also widely holds to

1.6

Artistic representations

the pretribulational return of Christ, which believes that tradition stateslike those who have had a near-death exJesus will return before a seven-year Tribulation followed periencethat after the death of the physical body, at the
by an additional return of Christ with his saints.
end of each physical lifetime and after the life review period (which occurs before the silver cord is broken), it
occurs a judgment, more akin to a Final Review or End
1.5 Esoteric Christian tradition
Report over ones life, where the life of the subject is fully
evaluated and scrutinized.[28] This judgment is seen as
See also: Second Coming (Esoteric Christian
being mentioned in Hebrews 9:27, which states that it is
teachings) and Esoteric Christianity
appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment".

1.6 Artistic representations

Main article: Doom (painting)
In art, the Last Judgment is a common theme in me-

The Last Judgment by Michelangelo

Although the Last Judgment is preached by a great part

of Christian mainstream churches; the Esoteric Christian
traditioncomposed, among others, by the Essenes and
Rosicruciansthe Spiritualist movement, Christian Science, and some liberal theologies reject the traditional
conception of the Last Judgment as inconsistent with
an all-just and loving God, in favor of some form of
universal salvation.
Max Heindel taught that when the Day of Christ comes,
marking the end of the current fth or Aryan epoch, the
human race will have to pass a nal examination or last
judgment, where, as in the Days of Noah,[25] the chosen ones or pioneers, the sheep, will be separated from
the goats or stragglers,[26] by being carried forward into
the next evolutionary period, inheriting the ethereal conditions of the New Galilee in the making. Nevertheless,
it is emphasized that all beings of the human evolution
will ultimately be saved in a distant future as they acquire
a superior grade of consciousness and altruism. At the
present period, the process of human evolution is conducted by means of successive rebirths in the physical
world[27] and the salvation is seen as being mentioned
in Revelation 3:12 (KJV), which states Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God and
he shall go no more out". However, this western esoteric

The Last Judgment mosaic (14th-century), Saint Vitus Cathedral,

Prague, Czech Republic.

dieval and renaissance religious iconography. Like most

early iconographic innovations, its origins stem from
Byzantine art, although it was a much less common subject than in the West during the Middle Ages.[29] In Western Christianity, it is often the subject depicted in medieval cathedrals and churches, either outside on the central tympanum of the entrance, or inside on the (rear)
west wall, so that the congregation attending church saw
the image on either entering of leaving. In the 15th century it also appeared as the central section of a triptych
on altarpieces, with the side panels showing heaven and
hell, as in the Beaune Altarpiece or a triptych by Hans
Memling. The usual composition has Christ seated high
in the centre, anked by angels and the Virgin Mary and
John the Evangelist who are supplicating on behalf of the
souls being judged (in what is called a Deesis group in
Orthodoxy). Saint Michael is often shown, either weighing souls on scales or directing matters, and there might
be a large crowd of saints, angels, and the saved around
the central group.
At the bottom of the composition a crowd of souls are
shown, often with some rising from their graves. These
are being sorted and directed by angels into the saved and
the damned. Almost always the saved are on the viewers
left (so on the right hand of Christ), and the damned on

3 JUDAISM
tempts to bite Adam on the heel, but as he is protected by
Christ is unsuccessful.

2 Islam
Main article: Islamic view of the Last Judgment
In Islam, Yawm al-Qiymah (Arabic: the Day
of Resurrection) or Yawm ad-Din (Arabic: the
Day of Judgment) is believed to be Gods (Allh) nal
assessment of humanity. The sequence of events (according to the most commonly held belief) is the annihilation
of all creatures, resurrection of the body, and the judgment of all sentient creatures.
The exact time when these events will occur is unknown,
however there are said to be major[31] and minor signs[32]
which are to occur near the time of Qiyamat (End time).
Many verses of the Qu'ran, especially the earlier ones,
are dominated by the idea of the nearing of the day of
resurrection.[33][34]
St. Michael weighing souls (15th century) (Pembroke College,
Cambridge)

the right. The saved are led up to heaven, often shown

as a fortied gateway, while the damned are handed over
to devils who herd them down into hell on the right; the
composition therefore has a circular pattern of movement. Often the damned disappear into a Hellmouth, the
mouth of a huge monster, an image of Anglo-Saxon origin. The damned often include gures of high rank, wearing crowns, mitres and often the Papal tiara during the
lengthy periods when there were antipopes, or in Protestant depictions. There may be detailed depictions of the
torments of the damned.

Belief in al-Qiymah is considered a fundamental tenet of

faith by all Muslims.[4]. Belief in the day of Judgement
is one of the six articles of faith. The trials and tribulations associated with it are detailed in both the Qur'an and
the hadith, as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic
expositors and scholarly authorities such as al-Ghazali,
Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn
Khuzaimah who explain them in detail. Every human,
Muslim and non-Muslim alike, is believed to be held accountable for their deeds and are believed to be judged
by God accordingly.[5]

The importance of the 'last judgment' is underlined by the

many references to it in the Qur'an and its many names.
For example, it is also called the Day of Reckoning,[6]
the Hour,[7][8] the Last Day,[9] Day of Judgment,
The most famous Renaissance depiction is Michelangelo Day of the Reckoning.
Buonarroti's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel. Wrongdoers who have bowed to the idols of this world
Included in this fresco is his self-portrait, as St. will have no intercessors or friends at judgment. As AlBartholomew's ayed skin.[30]
lah is omniscient nothing can be hidden from Him ("AlThe image in Eastern Orthodox icons has a similar composition, but usually less space is devoted to Hell, and
there are often a larger number of scenes; the Orthodox
readiness to label gures with inscriptions often allows
more complex compositions. There is more often a large
group of saints around Christ (which may include animals), and the hetoimasia or empty throne, containing
a cross, is usually shown below Christ, often guarded by
archangels; gures representing Adam and Eve may kneel
below it or below Christ. A distinctive feature of the Orthodox composition, especially in Russian icons, is a large
band leading like a chute from the feet of Christ down to
Hell; this may resemble a striped snake or be a river of
Fire coloured ame red. If it is shown as a snake, it at-

lah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts
conceal").[35]

3 Judaism
In Judaism, beliefs vary about a last day of judgment for
all mankind. Some rabbis hold that there will be such a
day following the resurrection of the dead. Others hold
that this accounting and judgment happens when one dies.
Still others hold that the last judgment only applies to the
nations and not the Jewish people.[36]

Bahai Faith

The Bab and Baha'u'llah taught that there is one unfolding religion of one God and that once in about every 1000
years a new Prophet, Messenger, or as Bahais call them,
Manifestation of God, comes to mankind to renew the
Kingdom of God on earth and establish a new Covenant
between humanity and God. Each time a new Manifestation of God comes it is considered the Day of Judgement
or Day of Resurrection for the previous Dispensation.
Likewise, the coming of The Bab as the promised Mahdi
and the coming of Baha'u'llah as the return of Christ in
the glory of the Father signify the Day of Judgement foretold by Muhammad in the Quran. [37]

See also

New World Order (conspiracy)

Particular judgment
Plan of salvation (Latter Day Saints) Mormon view
Pralay
Ragnark
Revelation
Second Coming
Yama (Buddhism and Chinese mythology)
Problem of evil

6 References

Intermediate state

[1] Catholic Encyclopedia: General Judgment: Few truths

are more often or more clearly proclaimed in Scripture
than that of the general judgment. To it the prophets of
the Old Testament refer when they speak of the "Day of
the Lord" (Joel 2:31; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which
the nations will be summoned to judgment by the Fathers.
In the New Testament the Parousia, or coming of Christ
as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine. The
Saviour Himself not only foretells the event but graphically portrays its circumstances (Matthew 24:27 sqq.;
25:31 sqq.). The Apostles give a most prominent place
to this doctrine in their preaching (Acts 10:42; 17:31)
and writings (Romans 2:5-16; 14:10; 1 Corinthians 4:5;
2 Corinthians 5:10; 2 Timothy 4:1; 2 Thessalonians 1:5;
James 5:7). Besides the name Parusia (parousia), or Advent (1 Corinthians 15:23; 2 Thessalonians 2:19), the Second Coming is also called Epiphany, epiphaneia, or Appearance (2 Thessalonians 2:8; 1 Timothy 6:14; 2 Timothy 4:1; Titus 2:13), and Apocalypse (apokalypsis), or
Revelation (2 Thessalonians 2:7; 1 Peter 4:13). The time
of the Second Coming is spoken of as that Day (2 Timothy 4:8), the day of the Lord (1 Thessalonians 5:2),
the day of Christ (Philemon 1:6), the day of the Son
of Man (Luke 17:30), the last day (John 6:39-40). The
belief in the general judgment has prevailed at all times
and in all places within the Church. It is contained as
an article of faith in all the ancient creeds: He ascended
into heaven. From thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead (Apostles Creed). The two shall come
again with glory to judge both the living and the dead
(Nicene Creed). From thence they shall come to judge
the living and the dead, at whose coming all men must
rise with their bodies and are to render an account of their
deeds (Athanasian Creed). Relying on the authority of
Papias, several Fathers of the rst four centuries advanced
the theory of a thousand years terrestrial reign of Christ
with the saints to precede the end of the World (see article
on MILLENNIUM). Though this idea is interwoven with
the eschatological teachings of those writers, it in no way
detracted from their belief in a universal world-judgment.
Patristic testimony to this dogma is clear and unanimous.

Lawsuits against God

[2] Matthew 25:40 and Matthew 25:45

Last Judgment (Russia, 18th century)

Apocatastasis
Atonement in Christianity
Christian Eschatology
Day of Atonement
General judgment
God the Father in Western art

[3] Matthew 12:50

[4] Catechism of the Catholic Church 990
[5] The Orthodox do not have an understanding of Purgatory. Rather, they believe that the souls of the departed
will await the Final Judgment either in heaven or hell--but
that there are dierent levels of heaven and dierent levels of hell--and they believe that the prayers of the Church
can help to ease the suerings of the souls, but do not dogmatize as to how exactly this is accomplished.

EXTERNAL LINKS

[28] Max Heindel, Death and Life in Purgatory - Life and Activity in Heaven
[29] Remarkably, only three Byzantine icons of the subject survive, all at St Catherines, Sinai. Daly, 252
[30] Janson, H. W.; Janson, Dora Jane (1977). History of Art
(Second Edition ed.). Englewood and New York: PrentisHall & Harry N. Abrams. p. 428. ISBN 0-13-389296-4.
[31] Major Signs before the Day of Judgment by Shaykh Ahmad Ali

[6] John 18:36, Augsburg Confession, Article 17, Of Christs

Return to Judgment.

[32] Signs of Qiyaamah

[7] John 6:40, John 6:54

[33] Isaac Hasson, Last Judgment, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an

[8] John 5:21, John 5:28-29, Matthew 25:32, 2 Corinthians

5:10, Acts 24:15

[34] L. Gardet, Qiyama, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an

[9] Romans 8:11, Philippians 3:21, 2 Corinthians 5:10, Job

19:26, 1 Corinthians 15:44, 1 Corinthians 15:53, John
5:28, Revelation 20:12
[10] Daniel 12:2, Matthew 25:41-46, John 5:29
[11] Daniel 12:1-2, John 5:29, 1 Corinthians 15:52, 1 Corinthians 15:42-44, 1 Corinthians 15:49-53, Philippians 3:21,
Matthew 13:43, Revelation 7:16
[12] John 6:40, John 6:44, John 11:24

[35] Tafsir Ibn Kathir, (Volume 8), p. 459, Shaykh Saur

Rahman Al Mubarakpuri,ISBN 9960892719
[36] Will there be trial and judgment after the Resurrection?".
Will there be trial and judgment after the Resurrection?.
Askmoses.com. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
[37] needs citation

7 External links

[13] 1 Corinthians 15:51-52, 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17

Catholic Encyclopedia General Judgment

[14] Matthew 25:32, Romans 14:10, John 5:22, Acts 17:31,

Revelation 1:7

Judgment Day Past and Future - slideshow by Life

magazine

[15] Matthew 25:32, Mark 16:16

[16] 2 Corinthians 5:10, 1 Corinthians 4:5, Romans 2:5,
Romans 2:16
[17] Ephesians 2:8-10, 2 Corinthians 5:10, Matthew 25:35-36,
Matthew 25:42-43
[18] Isaiah 43:25, Ezekiel 18:22, 1 John 2:28
[19] Matthew 25:34-35, John 3:16-18, John 3:36, Revelation
14:13, Galatians 5:6, John 13:35
[20] Matthew 25:42, Matthew 7:17-18, John 3:18, John 3:36
[21] Romans 2:5, Acts 17:31, Romans 2:16
[22] Luke 9:26, Matthew 25:31-32
[23] Matthew 25:41, Matthew 25:34, Matthew 25:46, Graebner, Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines Of Doctrinal
Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House.
pp. 2338.
[24] Passage: Matthew 6:19-24 (ESV Bible Online)
[25] Max Heindel, The Days of Noah and of Christ in Teachings of an Initiate (posthumous publication of collected
works), ISBN 0-911274-19-7
[26] Cf. Matthew 25:31-35
[27] Max Heindel, The Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures (The
Riddle of Life and Death), 1908, ISBN 0-911274-84-7

Swedenborg, E. The Last Judgment and Babylon Destroyed. All the Predictions in the Apocalypse are at
This Day Fullled (Swedenborg Foundation 1951)

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

Text

Last Judgment Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Judgment?oldid=643623139 Contributors: SimonP, Olivier, Stevertigo,

Bcrowell, TakuyaMurata, Ihcoyc, Bogdangiusca, Csernica, Magnus.de, Rudminjd, Samsara, Raul654, Wetman, Chris Rodgers, Aron1,
Jni, Chuunen Baka, Robbot, Astronautics, PBS, Jtherry, DocWatson42, Tom harrison, Michael Devore, Bacchiad, Andycjp, Spizzer2,
Zeimusu, Beland, Ellsworth, Yossarian, Tsemii, Fermion,
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Dawn Bard, Lucasbfrbot, Keilana, Radon210, PianoKeys, Mimihitam, Oxymoron83, Avnjay, Corythewalz, Angel David, WacoJacko,
Vanished user ewsn2348tui2f8n2o2utjfeoi210r39jf, Anchor Link Bot, Floorwalker, Twinsday, Martarius, De728631, ClueBot, Burpboohickie, The Thing That Should Not Be, Bab642, Ottava Rima, Ybtcphk, Abdi Erkal, Alexbot, Resoru, Yorkshirian, CAVincent, NuclearWarfare, MickMacNee, Tnxman307, DeltaQuad, Deepocean9, Redthoreau, Warrior4321, SchreiberBike, Leroyinc, Thehelpfulone,
Versus22, Editor2020, DumZiBoT, A ntv, XLinkBot, ANarc, Stickee, RoverRexSpot, Badgernet, Whizmd, Good Olfactory, Addbot,
Oenbach, Some jerk on the Internet, Fieldday-sunday, MrOllie, Dr.Diddly, Vysotsky, Life Rulezz, Omeallie, OlEnglish, Tarheelz123,
Jarble, Bermicourt, Ret.Prof, Yobot, Sirsparksalot, Victoriaearle, Ubxer, Edegonz, Angel ivanov angelov, Gatwiki, AnomieBOT, Kingpin13, Citation bot, ArthurBot, LovesMacs, Xqbot, Ebu Katada, EagleScout18, The Evil IP address, Mauriciodel, 7h3 3L173, Jezhotwells,
Ashershow1, PHansen, Mattis, Shadowjams, Hornymanatee, SD5, HRIN, K-tuk-th, East High Wildcats, Enki H., Allstrak, Zdevoll,
Gmasterman, Oktanyum, Reaper Eternal, Health4humanity, Difu Wu, 97jimbo, CanadianPenguin, EmausBot, ScottyBerg, Bua333, Yt95,
Rumrunner2009, RenamedUser01302013, MigueldelosSantos, Canstusdis, Erianna, SBaker43, Mentibot, Scastelete, Terra Novus, Gameplaya888, 28bot, Rocketrod1960, ClueBot NG, Jack Lagan1, Cntras, Nicktohzyu, Future777, Christianinthelaw, Widr, Mtking, MerlIwBot, Jorgenev, Titodutta, Mgmkst, FacelessIdiot, Cryptolicious, Rainbow Spectrum, EvaLTaylor, JohnChrysostom, Marcocapelle, Reza
luke, Mmovchin, Wikifrapelol, Jfhutson, Mohammad013, Gsom7, Buzancar, Anbu121, Mediran, TheJJJunk, Khazar2, Jerusalempoo,
Hmainsbot1, BuckLava, Taaos, -jones-tommo, OneEyedLooter, Chadchumley, Monkbot, LeapUK, AsteriskStarSplat and Anonymous:
378

8.2

Images

File:Cambridge96.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Cambridge96.JPG License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Vysotsky
File:Cathedrale_Saint-Guy_Prague_facade_sud_mosaique_Jugement_dernier.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/2/24/Cathedrale_Saint-Guy_Prague_facade_sud_mosaique_Jugement_dernier.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own
work Original artist: Myrabella
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Das_Jngste_Gericht_(Memling).jpg Source:
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Gericht_%28Memling%29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: www.aiwaz.net Original artist: Hans Memling (circa 14331494)
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File:Illustrations_to_Robert_Blair{}s_The_Grave_,_object_12_The_Day_of_Judgment.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illustrations_to_Robert_Blair%27s_The_Grave_%2C_object_12_The_Day_of_Judgment.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: William Blake Archive <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Institution:William_Blake_Archive' title='Link back to Institution infobox template'><img alt='Link back to Institution infobox template' src='//upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png' width='15' height='15' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/23px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/
7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/30px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='600' data-le-height='600' /></a> <a href='//www.wikidata.org/
wiki/Q7774989' title='wikidata:Q7774989'><img alt='wikidata:Q7774989' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/
ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/
f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/
40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590' /></a> Original artist: William Blake
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File:Last_Judgment_(Povolzhie).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Last_Judgment_%28Povolzhie%
29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.bibliotekar.ru/rusIcon/44.htm Original artist: Anonymous

10

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:MHS_Sad_Ostateczny_XVII_w_Lipie_p.jpg Source:
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domain Contributors: Postcard Original artist: Stefan Lochner (circa 1400/14101451)
File:The_Last_Judgement_-_Vasnetsov.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/The_Last_Judgement_-_
Vasnetsov.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Scastelete
File:Voronet_last_judgment.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Voronet_last_judgment.jpg License:
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Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al.
File:Wikinews-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: This is a cropped version of Image:Wikinews-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Simon 01:05, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
Updated by Time3000 17 April 2007 to use ocial Wikinews colours and appear correctly on dark backgrounds. Originally uploaded by
Simon.
File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain
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File:Wikisource-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
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on original logo tossed together by Brion Vibber

8.3

Content license

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