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Sistem Komputer Berkinerja Tinggi: L #3 Assessing and Understanding Performance

This document discusses key concepts for understanding and assessing computer performance, including: - Response time and throughput are important metrics, with response time measuring how long a single task takes and throughput measuring overall work completed. - Faster processors and adding processors can improve both response time and throughput by speeding up tasks and completing more tasks simultaneously. - Relative performance compares how many times faster one computer is than another by comparing execution times on the same program. - CPU execution time measures only the time the CPU spends on computation and excludes other factors like disk/memory access that affect overall response time.

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62 views11 pages

Sistem Komputer Berkinerja Tinggi: L #3 Assessing and Understanding Performance

This document discusses key concepts for understanding and assessing computer performance, including: - Response time and throughput are important metrics, with response time measuring how long a single task takes and throughput measuring overall work completed. - Faster processors and adding processors can improve both response time and throughput by speeding up tasks and completing more tasks simultaneously. - Relative performance compares how many times faster one computer is than another by comparing execution times on the same program. - CPU execution time measures only the time the CPU spends on computation and excludes other factors like disk/memory access that affect overall response time.

Uploaded by

I Gede Tirtanata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sistem Komputer Berkinerja

Tinggi
http://www.unhas.ac.id/amil/S2TE/siskom_2014/

L #3 Assessing and Understanding


Performance
Amil A. Ilham
http://www.unhas.ac.id/amil

Defining Performance
When you say one computer has better
performance than another, what do you mean?

Response Time and Throughput


If you were running a program on two different desktop
computers, youd say that the faster one is the desktop
computer that gets the job done first.
As an individual computer user, you are interested in reducing
response timethe time between the start and completion of a
taskalso referred to as execution time.

If you were running a data center that had several servers


running jobs submitted by many users, youd say that the
faster computer was the one that completed the most jobs
during a day.
Data center managers are often interested in increasing
throughputthe total amount of work done in a given time.

Hence, in most cases, we will need different performance


metrics as well as different sets of applications to
benchmark desktop computers versus servers, and
embedded computers require yet other metrics and
applications.

Response Time and Throughput


Do the following changes to a computer system increase
throughput, decrease response time, or both?
1.
2.

Replacing the processor in a computer with a faster version


Adding additional processors to a system that uses multiple
processors for separate tasksfor example, searching the
World Wide Web.

Decreasing response time almost always improves throughput. Hence, in


case 1, both response time and throughput are improved.
In case 2, no one task gets work done faster, so only throughput increases.
If, however, the demand for processing in the second case was almost as
large as the throughput, the system might force requests to queue up.
In this case, increasing the throughput could also improve response
time, since it would reduce the waiting time in the queue.
Thus, in many real computer systems, changing either execution time or
throughput often affects the other.

Measuring Performance
In discussing the performance of computers,
we will be primarily concerned with response
time or execution time.
The total time to complete a task, including disk
accesses, memory accesses, input/output (I/O)
activities, operating system overhead
everything.

CPU execution time or CPU time is the actual


time the CPU spends computing for a specific
task.

Relative Performance
To maximize performance, we want to minimize execution
time for some task.
We can relate performance and execution time for a
computer X:
For two computers X and Y, if the performance of X is greater
than the performance of Y, we have:

Relative Performance
In discussing a computer design, we often want to
relate the performance of two different computers
quantitatively. We will use the phrase X is n times
faster than Y:

Relative Performance
If computer A runs a program in 10 seconds
and computer B runs the same program in 15
seconds, how much faster is A than B?

CPU Execution Time


CPU execution time or CPU time is the actual
time the CPU spends computing for a specific
task.

CPU time =
Instruction count x CPI x Clock cycle time
(CPI : Cycles per instruction)

Using the Performance Equation


Suppose we have two implementations of the
same instruction set architecture. Computer A
has a clock cycle time of 250 ps and a CPI of
2.0 for some program, and computer B has a
clock cycle time of 500 ps and a CPI of 1.2 for
the same program. Which computer is faster
for this program, and by how much?

(Quiz - Improving Performance)


Our favorite program runs in 10 seconds on
computer A, which has a 4 GHz clock. We are
trying to help a computer designer build a
computer, B, that will run this program in 6
seconds. The designer has determined that a
substantial increase in the clock rate is possible,
but this increase will affect the rest of the CPU
design, causing computer B to require 1.2 times
as many clock cycles as computer A for this
program. What clock rate should we tell the
designer to target?

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