Overpopulation (Economics)

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OVERPOPULATION
Overpopulation is an undesirable condition
where the number of existing human
population exceeds the carrying capacity
of Earth. Overpopulation is caused by
number of factors. Reduced mortality rate,

better medical facilities, depletion of
precious resources are few of the causes
which results in overpopulation. It is possible

for a sparsely populated area to become
densely populated if it is not able to sustain
life.
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Growing advances in technology with each

coming year has affected humanity in many
ways. One of these has been the ability to
save lives and create better medical
treatment for all. A direct result of this has
been increased lifespan and the growth of
the population. In the past fifty or so years,
the growth of population has boomed and
has turned into overpopulation. In the history
of our species, the birth and death rate have
always been able to balance each and
maintain a population growth rate that is
sustainable.
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CAUSES OF OVERPOPULATION
Decline in the Death Rate
Better Medical Facilities
More Hands to Overcome Poverty
Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment
Immigration
Lack of Family Planning
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Decline in the Death Rate: At the root of

overpopulation is the difference between the overall
birth rate and death rate in populations. If the number
of children born each year equals the number of adults
that die, then the population will stabilize. Talking about
overpopulation shows that while there are many factors
that can increase the death rate for short periods of
time, the ones that increase the birth rate do so over a
long period of time. The discovery of agriculture by our
ancestors was one factor that provided them with the

ability to sustain their nutrition without hunting. This
created the first imbalance between the two rates.
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Better Medical Facilities: Following this came the

industrial revolution. Technological advancement was
perhaps the biggest reason why the balance has been
permanently disturbed. Science was able to produce better

means of producing food, which allowed families to feed
more mouths. Medical science made many discoveries
thanks to which they were able to defeat a whole range of
diseases. Illnesses that had claimed thousands of lives till
now were cured because of the invention of vaccines.
Combining the increase in food supply with fewer means of
mortality tipped the balance and became the starting
point of overpopulation.
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More Hands to Overcome Poverty: However, when

talking about overpopulation we should understand that
there is a psychological component as well. For thousands
of years, a very small part of the population had enough

money to live in comfort. The rest faced poverty and
would give birth to large families to make up for the high
infant mortality rate. Families that have been through
poverty, natural disasters or are simply in need of more
hands to work are a major factor for overpopulation. As
compared to earlier times, most of these extra children
survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in

nature.
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Technological Advancement in Fertility

Treatment: With latest technological
advancement and more discoveries in medical
science, it has become possible for couple who are
unable to conceive to undergo fertility treatment
methods and have their own babies. Today there
are effective medicines which can increases the
chance of conception and lead to rise in birth rate.
Moreover, due to modern techniques pregnancies
today are far more safer.
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Immigration: Many people prefer to move to

developed countries like US, UK, Canada and Australia
where best facilities are available in terms of medical,
education, security and employment. The end result is

that those people settle over there and those places
become overcrowded. Difference between the number
of people who are leaving the country and the number

of people who enter narrows down which leads to more
demand for food, clothes, energy and homes. This gives
rise to shortage of resources. Though the overall
population remains the same, it just affects the density of
population making that place simply overcrowded.
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Lack of Family Planning: Most developing

nations have large number of people who are
illiterate, live below the poverty line and have little
or no knowledge about family planning. Getting

their children married at an early age increase the
chances of producing more kids. Those people are
unable to understand the harmful effects of
overpopulation and lack of ignorance prompts
them to avoid family planning measures.
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EFFECTS OF
OVERPOPULATION
Depletion of Natural Resources
Degradation of Environment
Conflicts and Wars
Rise in Unemployment
High Cost of Living
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Depletion of Natural Resources: The effects of

overpopulation are quite severe. The first of these is the
depletion of resources. The Earth can only produce a
limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of

the current needs. Most of the environmental damage
being seen in the last fifty odd years is because of the
growing number of people on the planet. They are cutting

down forests, hunting wildlife in a reckless manner, causing
pollution and creating a host of problems. Those engaged
in talking about overpopulation have noticed that acts of
violence and aggression outside of a war zone have
increased tremendously while competing for resources.
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Degradation of Environment: With the

overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it has started
producing some serious effects on our environment.
Rise in the number of vehicles and industries have

badly affected the quality of air. Rise in amount of
CO2 emissions leads to global warming. Melting of
polar ice caps, changing climate patterns, rise in
sea level are few of the consequences that we
might we have to face due to environment

pollution.
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Conflicts and Wars: Overpopulation in

developing countries puts a major strain on the
resources it should be utilizing for development.
Conflicts over water are becoming a source of
tension between countries, which could result in wars.
It causes more diseases to spread and makes them
harder to control. Starvation is a huge issue facing the
world and the mortality rate for children is being
fuelled by it. Poverty is the biggest hallmark we see
when talking about overpopulation. All of this will only
become worse if solutions are not sought out for the
factors affecting our population. We can no longer
prevent it, but there are ways to control it.
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Rise in Unemployment: When a country

becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to
unemployment as there fewer jobs to support large
number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise
to crime as people will steal various items to feed
their family and provide them basic amenities of
life.
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High Cost of Living: As difference between

demand and supply continues to expand due to
overpopulation, it raises the prices of various
commodities including food, shelter and

healthcare. This means that people have to pay
more to survive and feed their families.
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INTERNATIONAL DATA BASE

WORLD POPULATION: 1950-2050
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The world population

increased from 3 billion in
1959 to 6 billion by 1999, a
doubling that occurred
over 40 years. The Census
Bureau's latest projections
imply that population
growth will continue into
the 21st century, although
more slowly. The world
population is projected to
grow from 6 billion in 1999
to 9 billion by 2044, an
increase of 50 percent
that is expected to
require 45 years.
WORLD VITAL EVENTS PER TIME UNIT:

2011
Overall
Population,
mid-year 2011
= 6,913,281,066
As I have
shown before
there is a
dramatic rise in
population
every year
because births
are far greater
than deaths.
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Or, in much greater detail:

Time unit
Births
Deaths
Increase
Year
132,697,074
56,260,324
76,436,750
Month
11,058,090
4,688,360
6,369,729
Day
363,554
154,138
209,416
Hour
15,148
6,422
8,726
Minute
252
107
145
Second
4.2
1.8
2.4
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Here is a graph showing how quickly population is

growing, note that it should hit 7 billion early next
year:
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BIGGEST POPULATIONS BY COUNTRY

The five biggest countries constitute almost half of the
worlds population
According to projections India will overtake China as the most

populace country by 2025, and
will be way out in front in 2050.
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Or, in much greater detail:

Rank
Country
Population
Percentage
China
1,336,718,015
19.34%
India
1,189,172,906
17.20%
United States
313,232,044
4.53%
Indonesia
245,613,043
2.94%
Brazil
203,429,773
2.71%
Pakistan
187,342,721
2.29%
Bangladesh
158,570,535
2.25%
Nigeria
155,215,573
19.34%
Russia
138,739,892
2.01%
10
Japan
126,475,664
1.83%
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MLS 2G

number of factors. Reduced mortality rate,

which results in overpopulation. It is possible

Growing advances in technology with each

Lack of Family Planning

Decline in the Death Rate: At the root of

ancestors was one factor that provided them with the

Better Medical Facilities: Following this came the

permanently disturbed. Science was able to produce better

More Hands to Overcome Poverty: However, when

of years, a very small part of the population had enough

survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in

Technological Advancement in Fertility

Immigration: Many people prefer to move to

education, security and employment. The end result is

of people who are leaving the country and the number

Lack of Family Planning: Most developing

or no knowledge about family planning. Getting

them to avoid family planning measures.

Depletion of Natural Resources: The effects of

limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of

growing number of people on the planet. They are cutting

Degradation of Environment: With the

Rise in the number of vehicles and industries have

might we have to face due to environment

Conflicts and Wars: Overpopulation in

Rise in Unemployment: When a country

High Cost of Living: As difference between

commodities including food, shelter and

INTERNATIONAL DATA BASE

The world population

WORLD VITAL EVENTS PER TIME UNIT:

Or, in much greater detail:

Here is a graph showing how quickly population is

BIGGEST POPULATIONS BY COUNTRY

According to projections India will overtake China as the most

Or, in much greater detail:

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