Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electrical Engineering 2006

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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electrical Engineering
2006
Copyright By NODIA & COMPANY
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE

2006
Q.1 - Q.20 carry one mark each.

Q. 1
The following is true

(A) A finite signal is always bounded
(B) A bounded signal always possesses finite energy
(C) A bounded signal is always zero outside the interval [- t0, t0] for some t0
(D) A bounded signal is always finite
Sol. 1
A bounded signal always possesses some finite energy.

E =
t0
#- t
n
i
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c
g (t) 2 dt < 3
Hence (B) is correct option.

Q. 2
Sol. 2
.
a
x (t) is a real valued function of a real variable with period T . Its trigonometric
Fourier Series expansion contains no terms of frequency w = 2p (2k) /T; k = 1, 2g
Also, no sine terms are present. Then x (t) satisfies the equation
(A) x (t) =- x (t - T)
(B) x (t) = x (T - t) =- x (- t)
(C) x (t) = x (T - t) =- x (t - T/2)
(D) x (t) = x (t - T) = x (t - T/2)
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Trigonometric Fourier series is given as
/ an cos nw0 t + bn sin nw0 t
x (t) = A0 +
n=1
Since there are no sine terms, so bn = 0

bn = 2
T0
#0
= 2=
T0
T0
#0
x (t) sin nw0 t dt
T0 /2
x (t) sin nw0 t dt +
#T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt G

0
Where t = T - t & dt =- dt
#T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E
T0 /2
= 2;
T0
#T
= 2;
T0
#T /2 x (T - t) sin n` 2Tp T - t j dt + #T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E
x (T - t) sin nw0 (T - t) (- dt)
= 2;
T0
TO
T0
T0
#T /2 x (T - t) sin (2np - nw0) dt + #T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E

0
T0
= 2 ;x (T - t) sin (nw0 t) dt +
T0
T /2
bn = 0 if x (t) = x (T - t)
From half wave symmetry we know that if
T0
#T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E

0
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x (t) =- x`t ! T j
2
Then Fourier series of x (t) contains only odd harmonics.
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 3
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In the figure the current source is 1+0 A, R = 1 W , the impedances are ZC =- j W

and ZL = 2j W . The Thevenin equivalent looking into the circuit across X-Y is
(A)
i
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2 +0 V, (1 + 2j) W
(B) 2+45 V, (1 - 2j) W

%
.
a
(C) 2+45% V, (1 + j) W
(D)
Sol. 3
2 +45% V, (1 + j) W
Thevenin voltage:
Vth = I (R + ZL + ZC )
.
w
= 1 (1 + j)
.
a
i
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n
= 1+0c [1 + 2j - j]
n
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2 +45 V
%
Thevenin impedance:
Zth = R + ZL + ZC
= 1 + 2j - j
= (1 + j) W
Hence (D) is correct option.

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Q. 4
2006
The three limbed non ideal core shown in the figure has three windings with
nominal inductances L each when measured individually with a single phase AC
source. The inductance of the windings as connected will be
(A) very low

(C) 3L
n
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.
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(B) L/3
(D) very high
Sol. 4
Hence ( ) is correct Option
Q. 5
Which of the following statement holds for the divergence of electric and magnetic
flux densities ?
(A) Both are zero
(B) These are zero for static densities but non zero for time varying densities.
(C) It is zero for the electric flux density
(D) It is zero for the magnetic flux density
Sol. 5
.
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From maxwells first equation

4: D = rv
r
4: E = v
e
(Divergence of electric field intensity is non-Zero)
Maxwells fourth equation
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4: B = 0
(Divergence of magnetic field intensity is zero)
Q. 6
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In transformers, which of the following statements is valid ?

(A) In an open circuit test, copper losses are obtained while in short circuit
test, core losses are obtained
(B) In an open circuit test, current is drawn at high power factor
(C) In a short circuit test, current is drawn at zero power factor
(D) In an open circuit test, current is drawn at low power factor
.
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Sol. 6
In transformer, in open circuit test, current is drawn at low power factor but in
short circuit test current drawn at high power factor.
Q. 7
For a single phase capacitor start induction motor which of the following
statements is valid ?
(A) The capacitor is used for power factor improvement
(B) The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the main winding
terminals
(C) The direction of rotation cannot be changed
(D) The direction of rotation can be changed by interchanging the supply
terminals

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Sol. 7
2006
A single-phase capacitor start induction motor. It has cage rotor and its stator
has two windings.
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The two windings are displaced 90c in space. The direction of rotation can be
changed by reversing the main winding terminals.
Q. 8
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In a DC machine, which of the following statements is true ?

(A) Compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction while
interpole winding is used for producing residual flux
(B) Compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction while
interpole winding is used for improving commutation
(C) Compensating winding is used for improving commutation while interpole
winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction
(D) Compensation winding is used for improving commutation while interpole
winding is used for producing residual flux
n
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In DC motor, compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reactance

while interpole winding is used for improving commutation.
Interpoles generate voltage necessary to neutralize the e.m.f of self induction in
the armature coils undergoing commutation. Interpoles have a polarity opposite
to that of main pole in the direction of rotation of armature.
Q. 9
.
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o
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.
a
The concept of an electrically short, medium and long line is primarily based on
the
(A) nominal voltage of the line
(B) physical length of the line
(C) wavelength of the line
(D) power transmitted over the line
Sol. 9
With the help of physical length of line, we can recognize line as short, medium
and long line.
Q. 10
Keeping in view the cost and overall effectiveness, the following circuit breaker is
best suited for capacitor bank switching
(A) vacuum
(B) air blast
(C) SF6
(D) oil
Sol. 10
For capacitor bank switching vacuum circuit breaker is best suited in view of cost
and effectiveness.
Hence (A) is correct option.

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Q. 11
In a biased differential relay the bias is defined as a ratio of

(A) number of turns of restraining and operating coil
(B) operating coil current and restraining coil current
(C) fault current and operating coil current
(D) fault current and restraining coil current
Sol. 11
Ratio of operating coil current to restraining coil current is known as bias in

biased differential relay.
Q. 12
An HVDC link consist of rectifier, inverter transmission line and other equipments.
Which one of the following is true for this link ?
(A) The transmission line produces/ supplies reactive power
(B) The rectifier consumes reactive power and the inverter supplies reactive
power from/ to the respective connected AC systems
(C) Rectifier supplies reactive power and the inverted consumers reactive power
to/ from the respective connected AC systems
(D) Both the converters (rectifier and inverter) consume reactive power from
the respective connected AC systems
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Sol. 12
HVDC links consist of rectifier, inverter, transmission lines etc, where rectifier
consumes reactive power from connected AC system and the inverter supplies
power to connected AC system.
Q. 13
For a system with the transfer function

3 (s - 2)
,
H (s) = 2
4s - 2s + 1
the matrix A in the state space form Xo = AX + Bu is equal to
V
V
R
R
S1 0 0 W
S0 1 0 W
(A) S 0 1 0 W
(B) S 0 0 1 W
SS- 1 2 - 4 WW
SS- 1 2 - 4 WW
X
X
T
T
V
V
R
R
0
1
0
1
0
0
W
W
S
S
(C) S3 - 2 1 W
(D) S 0 0 1 W
SS1 - 2 4 WW
SS- 1 2 - 4 WW
X
T
In standard
form
for a characterstic equation Tgive as X
Sol. 13
.
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s + an - 1 sn - 1 + ... + a1 s + a 0 = 0
in its state varibale representation matrix A is given as
R
V
1
0 g
0 W
S 0
S 0
0
1 g
0 W
A =S
W
Sh h h h h W
S- a 0 - a1 - a2 g - an - 1W
X
characterstic equation ofT the system is
2
4 s - 2s + 1 = 0
so, a2 = 4, a1 =- 2, a 0 = 1
R 0
1
0 VW RS 0 1 0 VW
S
A =S 0
0
1 W=S 0 0 1 W
SS- a - a - a WW SS- 1 2 - 4WW
0
1
2
T
X T
X

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Q. 14
2006
A discrete real all pass system has a pole at z = 2+30% : it, therefore
(A) also has a pole at 12 +30%
(B) has a constant phase response over the z -plane: arg H (z) = constant
constant
(C) is stable only if it is anti-causal
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(D) has a constant phase response over the unit circle: arg H (eiW) = constant
Sol. 14
Z -transform of a discrete all pass system is given as

-1
)
H (z) = z - z-0 1
1 - z0 z
.
a
i
d
it has a pole at z 0 and a zero at 1/z)

0.
given system has a pole at
o
n
.
w
z = 2+30%
=2
( 3 + j)
= ( 3 + j)
2
n
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.
a
system is stable if z < 1 and for this it is anti-causal.

Q. 15
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(A) 5 V, 1 ms
(C) 7.5 V, 2 ms
Sol. 15
i
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The time/div and voltage/div axes of an oscilloscope have been erased. A student
connects a 1 kHz, 5 V p-p square wave calibration pulse to channel-1 of the
scope and observes the screen to be as shown in the upper trace of the figure. An
unknown signal is connected to channel-2(lower trace) of the scope. It the time/
div and V/div on both channels are the same, the amplitude (p-p) and period of
the unknown signal are respectively
(B) 5 V, 2 ms
(D) 10 V, 1 ms
From the Calibration pulse we can obtain

Voltage
(3 V) = 5 = 2.5 V
2
Division

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Time (3 T) = 1 ms = 1 msec
4
4
Division
So amplitude (p-p) of unknown signal is
VP - P = 3 V # 5
= 2.5 # 5 = 7.5 V
Time period T = 3 T # 8
= 1 # 8 = 2 ms
4
Q. 16
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A sampling wattmeter (that computes power from simultaneously sampled values

of voltage and current) is used to measure the average power of a load. The peak
to peak voltage of the square wave is 10 V and the current is a triangular wave
of 5 A p-p as shown in the figure. The period is 20 ms. The reading in W will be
o
n
.
w
(A) 0 W
(C) 50 W
Sol. 16
(B) 25 W
(D) 100 W
n
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Reading of wattmeter (Power) in the circuit

T
Pav = 1 # VIdt = Common are between V - I
T 0
o
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.
a
total common area = 0 (Positive and negative area are equal)

So Pav = 0
Q. 17
What are the states of the three ideal diodes of the circuit shown in figure ?
(A) D1 ON, D2 OFF, D3 OFF

(C) D1 ON, D2 OFF, D3 ON
(B) D1 OFF, D2 ON, D3 OFF

(D) D1 OFF, D2 ON, D3 ON

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Sol. 17
2006
First we can check for diode D2 . Let diode D2 is OFF then the circuit is
n
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.
a
In the above circuit diode D1 must be ON, as it is connected with 10 V battery

now the circuit is
i
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Because we assumed diode D2 OFF so voltage across it VD2 # 0 and it is possible

only when D3 is off.
So, all assumptions are true.

Q. 18
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The speed of a 3-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz induction motor is to be controlled over a

wide range from zero speed to 1.5 time the rated speed using a 3-phase voltage
source inverter. It is desired to keep the flux in the machine constant in the
constant torque region by controlling the terminal voltage as the frequency
changes. The inverter output voltage vs frequency characteristic should be

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Sol. 18
2006
If we varying the frequency for speed control, V/f should be kept as constant so
that, minimum flux density (Bm ) also remains constant
so,
V = 4.44NBm Af
.
a
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Q. 19
o
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For a given sinusoidal input voltage, the voltage waveform at point P of the
clamper circuit shown in figure will be
Sol. 19
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In the positive half cycle of input, Diode D1 will be reverse biased and equivalent
circuit is.

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n
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Since there is no feed back to the op-amp and op-amp has a high open loop gain
so it goes in saturation. Input is applied at inverting terminal so.
VP =- VCC =- 12 V
In negative half cycle of input, diode D1 is in forward bias and equivalent circuit
is shown below.
.
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Output VP = Vg + VOp-amp is at virtual ground so V+ = V- = 0 and VP = Vg = 0.7 V

Voltage wave form at point P is

Q. 20
.
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A single-phase half wave uncontrolled converter circuit is shown in figure. A

2-winding transformer is used at the input for isolation. Assuming the load current
to be constant and V = Vm sin wt , the current waveform through diode D2 will be
.
w

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Sol. 20
2006
In first half cycle D 1 will conduct and D 2 will not and at q = 0 there is zero
voltage. So current wave form is as following
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Q.21 to Q.75 carry two marks each

Q. 21
Sol. 21
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x [n] = 0; n < - 1, n > 0, x [- 1] =- 1, x [0] = 2 is the input and

y [n] = 0; n < - 1, n > 2, y [- 1] =- 1 = y [1], y [0] = 3, y [2] =- 2 is the output of a
discrete-time LTI system. The system impulse response h [n] will be
(A) h [n] = 0; n < 0, n > 2, h [0] = 1, h [1] = h [2] =- 1
(B) h [n] = 0; n < - 1, n > 1, h [- 1] = 1, h [0] = h [1] = 2
(C) h [n] = 0; n < 0, n > 3, h [0] =- 1, h [1] = 2, h [2] = 1
(D) h [n] = 0; n < - 2, n > 1, h [- 2] = h [1] = h [- 1] =- h [0] = 3
o
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According to given data input and output Sequences are

x [n] = {- 1, 2}, - 1 # n # 0
y [n] = {- 1, 3, - 1, - 2}, - 1 # n # 2
-
n
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If impulse response of system is h [n] then output

y [n] = h [ n] ) x [ n]
Since length of convolution (y [n]) is - 1 to 2, x [n] is of length - 1 to 0 so length
of h [n] is 0 to 2.
Let
h [n] = {a, b, c}
-
So,
a=1
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Convolution
.
a
y [n] = {- a, 2a - b, 2b - c, 2c}
y [n] = {- 1, 3, - 1, - 2}
-
2a - b = 3 & b =- 1
2a - c =- 1 & c =- 1
Impulse response h [n] = "1, - 1, - 1,

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Q. 22
Sol. 22
The expression V =
R
2006
#0
pR2 (1 - h/H) 2 dh for the volume of a cone is equal to
(A)
#0
(C)
#0 2prH (1 - r/R) dh
pR2 (1 - h/H) 2 dr
(B)
#0
(D)
#0
V =
By solving the above integral
#0
pR2 (1 - h/H) 2 dh
2
2prH`1 - r j dr
R
n
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Volume of the cone

H
pR2 b1 - h l dh
H
2
.
a
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V = 1 pR 2 H
3
Solve all integrals given in options only for option (D)
R
#0 2prH a1 - Rr k2 dr = 13 pR2 H
Q. 23
o
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w/
n
The discrete-time signal x [n]
X (z) = n3= 0 3 z2n , where
2+n
transform-pair relationship, is orthogonal to the signal
n
(A) y1 [n] ) Y1 (z) = n3= 0 ` 2 j z - n
3
/ n3= 0 (5n - n) z- (2n + 1)

(C) y3 [n] ) Y3 (z) = / n3=- 3 2 - n z - n
(B) y2 [n] ) Y2 (z) =
-4
n
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-2
(D) y4 [n] ) Y4 (z) = 2z + 3z + 1
denotes a
.
a
Sol. 23
Correct Option is ( )
Q. 24
A surface S (x, y) = 2x + 5y - 3 is integrated once over a path consisting of the

points that satisfy (x + 1) 2 + (y - 1) 2 = 2 . The integral evaluates to
(A) 17 2
(B) 17 2
(C)
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2 /17
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(D) 0
Sol. 24
Correct Option is ( )
Q. 25
A continuous-time system is described by y (t) = e - x (t) , where y (t) is the output

and x (t) is the input. y (t) is bounded
(A) only when x (t) is bounded
(B) only when x (t) is non-negative
(C) only for t # 0 if x (t) is bounded for t $ 0
(D) even when x (t) is not bounded
Sol. 25

Output
y (t) = e - x (t)
If x (t) is unbounded, x (t) " 3
y (t) = e - x (t) " 0 (bounded)
So y (t) is bounded even when x (t) is not bounded.

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Q. 26
2006
The running integration, given by y (t) =
#- 3 x (t') dt'
(A) has no finite singularities in its double sided Laplace Transform Y (s)
(B) produces a bounded output for every causal bounded input
(C) produces a bounded output for every anticausal bounded input
(D) has no finite zeroes in its double sided Laplace Transform Y (s)
Sol. 26
Hence (B) is correct option
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y (t) =
Given
.
a
# x (t') dt'
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-3
Laplace transform of y (t)

X (s)
, has a singularity at s = 0
Y (s) =
s
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For a causal bounded input, y (t)=

Q. 27
Q. 28
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(A) 1 V, 3, 10 W
(C) 1 V, 0, 3
Sol. 28
is always bounded.
-3
Two fair dice are rolled and the sum r of the numbers turned up is considered
(A) Pr (r > 6) = 1
6
(B) Pr (r/3 is an integer) = 5
6
(C) Pr (r = 8 ; r/4 is an integer) = 5
9
(D) Pr (r = 6 ; r/5 is an integer) = 1
18
Option (C) is correct.
By throwing dice twice 6 # 6 = 36 possibilities will occur. Out of these sample
space consist of sum 4, 8 and 12 because r/4 is an integer. This can occur in
following way :
(1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) and (6, 6)
Sample Space
=9
Favourable space is coming out of 8
=5
Probability of coming out 8
=5
9
The parameters of the circuit shown in the figure are Ri = 1 MW
R0 = 10 W, A = 106 V/V If vi = 1 mV , the output voltage, input impedance and
output impedance respectively are
Sol. 27
# x (t') dt'
(B) 1 V, 0, 10 W
(D) 10 V, 3, 10 W
In the given circuit

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Output voltage
vo = Avi
.
a
= 106 # 1 mV = 1 V
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Input impedance
Zi = vi
ii
= vi = 3
0
o
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Output impedance
Zo = vo
io
= Avi = Ro
io
= 10 W
Q. 29
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In the circuit shown in the figure, the current source I = 1 A , the voltage source
V = 5 V, R1 = R2 = R3 = 1 W, L1 = L2 = L3 = 1 H, C1 = C2 = 1 F
.
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The currents (in A) through R3 and through the voltage source V respectively
will be
(A) 1, 4
(B) 5, 1
(C) 5, 2
(D) 5, 4
Sol. 29
All sources present in the circuit are DC sources, so all inductors behaves as short
circuit and all capacitors as open circuit
Equivalent circuit is
Voltage across R 3 is
5 = I1 R 3
5 = I1 (1)

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I1 = 5 A
By applying KCL, current through voltage source
1 + I 2 = I1
I2 = 5 - 1 = 4 A
Q. 30
Sol. 30
Q. 31
(current through R 3 )
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The parameter type and the matrix representation of the relevant two port
parameters that describe the circuit shown are
.
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0 0
1 0
(A) z parameters, = G
(B) h parameters, = G
0 0
0 1
0 0
1 0
(C) h parameters, = G
(D) z parameters, = G
0 0
0 1
Given Two port network can be described in terms of h-parametrs only.
dp
Consider the following statements with reference to the equation
dt
(1) This is a point form of the continuity equation.
(2) Divergence of current density is equal to the decrease of charge per unit
volume per unit at every point.
(3) This is Max wells divergence equation
(4) This represents the conservation of charge
Select the correct answer.
(A) Only 2 and 4 are true
(B) 1, 2 and 3 are true
(C) 2, 3 and 4 are true
(D) 1, 2 and 4 are true
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Sol. 31
Hence Correct option is ( )
Q. 32
The circuit shown in the figure is energized by a sinusoidal voltage source V1 at a

frequency which causes resonance with a current of I .
The phasor diagram which is applicable to this circuit is

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Sol. 32
2006
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At resonance reactance of the circuit would be zero and voltage across inductor
and capacitor would be equal
VL = VC
At resonance impedance of the circuit
Current
Z R = R1 + R 2
IR = V1 +0c
R1 + R 2
n
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V2 = IR R2 + j (VL - VC )
Voltage
V2 = V1 +0c R2
R1 + R 2
1
I
jw C # R
= 1 # VR +0c
R1 + R 2
jw C
= VR + - 90c
wC (R1 + R2)
VC =
So phasor diagram is
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Voltage across capacitor

Q. 33
An ideal capacitor is charged to a voltage V0 and connected at t = 0 across an

ideal inductor L. (The circuit now consists of a capacitor and inductor alone). If
we let w0 = 1 , the voltage across the capacitor at time t > 0 is given by
LC
(A) V
(B) V cos (w t)
0
(C) V0 sin (w0 t)
(D) V0 e
- w0t
cos (w0 t)

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Sol. 33
2006
This is a second order LC circuit shown below
n
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Capacitor current is given as

iC (t) = C
dvc (t)
dt
.
a
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Taking Laplace transform
IC (s) = CsV (s) - V (0), V (0) "initial voltage
o
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Current in inductor
.
w
iL (t) = 1
L
V (s)
IL (s) = 1
L s
# vc (t) dt
for t > 0 , applying KCL(in s-domain)

IC (s) + IL (s) = 0
V (s)
=0
CsV (s) - V (0) + 1
L s
1
2
:s + LCs D V (s) = Vo
n
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s ,
s + w20
a w20 = 1
LC
v (t) = Vo cos wo t ,
t>0
V (s) = Vo
Taking inverse laplace transformation
Q. 34
Sol. 34
.
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A 400 V, 50 Hz, three phase balanced source supplies power to a star connected
load whose rating is 12 3 kVA, 0.8 pf (lag). The rating (in kVAR) of the delta
connected (capacitive) reactive power bank necessary to bring the pf to unity is
(A) 28. 78
(B) 21.60
(C) 16.60
(D) 12.47
.
w
Rating of D-connected capacitor bank for unity p.f.

real power
PL = S cos f = 12 3 # 0.8 = 16.627 kW
reactive power QL = S sin f = 12 3 # 0.6 = 12.47 kW
For setting of unity p.f. we have to set capacitor bank equal to reactive power
= 12.47 kW
Q. 35
An energy meter connected to an immersion heater (resistive) operating on an

AC 230 V, 50 Hz, AC single phase source reads 2.3 units (kWh) in 1 hour. The
heater is removed from the supply and now connected to a 400 V peak square
wave source of 150 Hz. The power in kW dissipated by the heater will be
(A) 3.478
(B) 1.739
(C) 1.540
(D) 0.870

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Sol. 35
2006
Power dissipated in heater when AC source is connected

2
P = 2.3 kW = V rms
R
(230) 2
R
R = 23 W (Resistance of heater)
Now it is connected with a square wave source of 400 V peak to peak
Power dissipated is
2
P = V rms , Vp - p = 400 V & Vp = 200 V
R
Vrms = Vp =200 (for square wave)
(200) 2
So,
P =
= 1.739 kW
23
2.3 # 103 =
Sol. 36
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Q. 36
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A 220 V DC machine supplies 20 A at 200 V as a generator. The armature

resistance is 0.2 ohm. If the machine is now operated as a motor at same terminal
voltage and current but with the flux increased by 10%, the ratio of motor speed
to generator speed is
(A) 0.87
(B) 0.95
(C) 0.96
(D) 1.06
Given: A 230 V, DC machine, 20 A at 200 V as a generator.
n
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Ra = 0.2 W
The machine operated as a motor at same terminal voltage and current, flux
increased by 10%
So for generator
Eg = V + Ia Ra
= 200 + 20 # 0.2
Eg = 204 volt
for motor
Em = V - Ia Ra
= 200 - 20 # 0.2
Em = 196 volt
Eg
N
f
So
= g # g
Em
Nm
fm
1
204 = Ng
196
Nm # 1.1
Nm =
196
= 0.87
204 # 1.1
Ng
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Q. 37
A synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor (lagging) load at rated

current. The armature reaction is
(A) magnetizing
(B) demagnetizing
(C) cross-magnetizing
(D) ineffective
Sol. 37
A synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor(lagging) load at rated

current then the armature reaction is demagnetizing.

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Q. 38
Sol. 38
2006
Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in
proportion to their kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500
kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 kVA and its pu leakage
impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating of second transformer is 250 kVA, its pu
leakage impedance is
(A) 0.20
(B) 0.10
(C) 0.05
(D) 0.025
n
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.
a
Given the rating of first transformer is 500 kVA

Per unit leakage impedance is 0.05 p.u.
Rating of second transformer is 250 kVA
So,
actual impedance
Per unit impedance =
base impedance
i
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and,
Per unit leakage impedance \
1
kVA
Then
500 kVA # 0.05 = 250 kVA # x
x = 500 # 0.05 = 0.1 p.u.
250
Q. 39
Sol. 39
The speed of a 4-pole induction motor is controlled by varying the supply

frequency while maintaining the ratio of supply voltage to supply frequency (V/f
) constant. At rated frequency of 50 Hz and rated voltage of 400 V its speed is
1440 rpm. Find the speed at 30 Hz, if the load torque is constant
(A) 882 rpm
(B) 864 rpm
(C) 840 rpm
(D) 828 rpm
n
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.
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Given speed of a 4-pole induction motor is controlled by varying the supply

frequency when the ratio of supply voltage and frequency is constant.
f = 50 Hz , V = 400 V , N = 1440 rpm
So
V \f
V1 = f1
V2
f2
V2 = 400 # 30 = 240 V
50
2
T \ cV m S
f
So
Given
Then
.
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S2 = V1 2 f2 T2
S1 bV2 l # f1 # T1
T1 = T2
2
S2 = 0.04 # b 400 l # 30
50
240
S2 = 0.066
Nr = Ns (1 - S)
a
Nr =
120f
P

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2006
Nr = 120 # 30 ^1 - 0.066h
4
Nr = 840.6 rpm
So
Q. 40
Sol. 40
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A 3-phase, 4-pole, 400 V 50 Hz , star connected induction motor has following

circuit parameters
r1 = 1.0 W, r'2 = 0.5 W, X1 = X'2 = 1.2 W, Xm = 35 W
The starting torque when the motor is started direct-on-line is (use approximate
equivalent circuit model)
(A) 63.6 Nm
(B) 74.3 Nm
(C) 190.8 Nm
(D) 222.9 Nm
.
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Given a 3-f induction motor

P = 4 , V = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
r1 = 1.0 W , r2l= 0.5 W
X1 = Xl2 = 1.2 W, Xm = 35 W
So
Speed of motor is
120f
Ns =
= 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
4
P
Torque
.
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V2 rl2
Tst = 180 #
2p N s
(r1 + rl2) 2 + X 2
400 2
c 3 m # 0. 5
180
=
2 # 3.14 # 1500 # (1.5) 2 + (2.4) 2
= 63.58 Nm
Q. 41
Sol. 41
o
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.
a
A 3-phase, 10 kW, 400 V, 4-pole, 50Hz, star connected induction motor draws 20
A on full load. Its no load and blocked rotor test data are given below.
No Load Test :
400 V
6A
1002 W
Blocked Rotor Test :
90 V
15 A
762 W
Neglecting copper loss in no load test and core loss in blocked rotor test, estimate
motors full load efficiency
(A) 76%
(B) 81%
(C) 82.4%
(D) 85%
.
w
Given that 3-f induction motor star connected

P = 10 kW , V = 400 V, Poles = 4, f = 50 Hz
Full load current I Fl = 20 A
output
Efficiency =
input
So
Cu losses at full load
= b 20 l # 762
15
= 1354.67
Total losses = 1354.67 + 1002 = 2356.67
2

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2006
10000
100
10000 + 2356.67 #
= 81%
Efficiency =
Q. 42
Sol. 42
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A 3-phase, 400 V, 5 kW, star connected synchronous motor having an internal

reactance of 10 W is operating at 50% load, unity p.f. Now, the excitation is
increased by 1%. What will be the new load in percent, if the power factor is to
be kept same ? Neglect all losses and consider linear magnetic circuit.
(A) 67.9%
(B) 56.9%
(C) 51%
(D) 50%
The A, B , C , D constants of a 220 kV line are :
A = D = 0.94+1c, B = 130+73c, C = 0.001+90c
.
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Given 3-f star connected synchronous motor

internal reactance = 10 W
Operating at 50% load, unity power factor, 400 V, 5 kW
Excitation increased = 1%
So, full load current
5 # 103
I Fl =
= 7.22
3 # 400 # 1
E 2 = (V cos q - Ia Ra) 2 + (V sin q - Ia Xs) 2
n
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400 2 + 10 3.6 2
c 3m ^ # h
E = 2133.7289
E =
So,
.
a
Excitation will increase 1% then E2
i
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E2 = 2133.7289 # 0.01
E2 = 236
Ia X = (E2) 2 - V 2
o
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(236) 2 - c 400 m
3
= 48.932
=
Ia = 48.932
10
Ia = 4.8932
Load (%) = 4.8932 = 67.83 %

7.22

Q. 43
If the sending end voltage of the line for a given load delivered at nominal voltage
is 240 kV, the % voltage regulation of the line is
(A) 5
(B) 9
(C) 16
(D) 21
Sol. 43
Given ABCD constant of 220 kV line

A = D = 0.94+10c, B = 130+730c, C = 0.001+900c, VS = 240 kV
% voltage regulation is being given as

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(VR) No Load - (VR) Full load

# 100
VR (Full load)
%V.R. =
At no load IR = 0
(VR) NL = VS /A , (VR) Full load = 220 kV
240 - 220
0
%V.R. = .94
# 100
220
%V.R. = 16
Q. 44
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A single phase transmission line and a telephone line are both symmetrically
strung one below the other, in horizontal configurations, on a common tower, The
shortest and longest distances between the phase and telephone conductors are
2.5 m and 3 m respectively.
The voltage (volt/km) induced in the telephone circuit, due to 50 Hz current of
100 amps in the power circuit is
(A) 4.81
(B) 3.56
(C) 2.29
(D) 1.27
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Sol. 44
Hence Correct Option is ( )
Q. 45
Three identical star connected resistors of 1.0 pu are connected to an unbalanced

3-phase supply. The load neutral is isolated. The symmetrical components of the
line voltages in pu. are: Vab = X+q1 , Vab = Y+q2 . If all the pu calculations are
with the respective base values, the phase to neutral sequence voltages are
(A) Van = X+ (q1 + 30c),Van = Y (q2 - 30c)
(B) Van = X+ (q1 - 30c),Van = Y+ (q2 + 30c)
(C) Van = 1 X+ (q1 - 30c),Van = 1 Y+ (q2 - 30c)
3
3
.
a
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(D) Van = 1 X+ (q1 - 60c),Van = 1 Y+ (q2 - 60c)

3
3
Given that,
Vab1 = X+q1 , Vab2 = Y+q2 , Phase to neutral sequence volt = ?
First we draw phasor of positive sequence and negative sequence.
o
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Sol. 45
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From figure we conclude that postive sequence line voltage leads phase voltage
by 30c
VAN1 = X+q1 - 30c
VAN2 = 4+q2 + 30c

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Q. 46
Sol. 46
Q. 47
2006
A generator is connected through a 20 MVA, 13.8/138 kV step down transformer,

to a transmission line. At the receiving end of the line a load is supplied through
a step down transformer of 10 MVA, 138/69 kV rating. A 0.72 pu. load, evaluated
on load side transformer ratings as base values , is supplied from the above
system. For system base values of 10 MVA and 69 kV in load circuit, the value of
the load (in per unit) in generator will be
(A) 36
(B) 1.44
(C) 0.72
(D) 0.18
n
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a
For system base value 10 MVA, 69 kV, Load in pu(Z new ) = ?

(MVA) old
kVnew 2
Z new = Z old #
#
(MVA) new b kVold l
2
Z new = 0.72 # 20 # b 69 l
10
13.8
= 36 pu
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The Gauss Seidel load flow method has following disadvantages.

Tick the incorrect statement.
(A) Unreliable convergence
(B) Slow convergence
(C) Choice of slack bus affects convergence
(D) A good initial guess for voltages is essential for convergence
n
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Sol. 47
Unreliable convergence is the main disadvantage of gauss seidel load flow method.
Q. 48
The Bode magnitude plot H (jw) =
.
w
.
a
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10 4 (1 + jw)
is
(10 + jw) (100 + jw) 2

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Sol. 48
2006
Given function is,

10 4 (1 + jw)
(10 + jw) (100 + jw) 2
H (jw) =
Function can be rewritten as,
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10 4 (1 + jw)
H (jw) =
2
10 91 + j w C 10 4 91 + j w C
10
100
.
a
0.1 (1 + jw)
w
w 2
a1 + j 10 ka1 + j 100 k
The system is type 0, So, initial slope of the bode plot is 0 dB/decade.
Corner frequencies are
w1 = 1 rad/sec
w 2 = 10 rad/sec
w 3 = 100 rad/sec
As the initial slope of bode plot is 0 dB/decade and corner frequency w1 = 1 rad/
sec, the Slope after w = 1 rad/sec or log w = 0 is(0 + 20) =+ 20 dB/dec. After
corner frequency w2 = 10 rad/sec or log w2 = 1, the Slope is (+ 20 - 20) = 0 dB/
dec.
Similarly after w3 = 100 rad/sec or log w = 2 , the slope of plot is (0 - 20 # 2) =- 40
dB/dec.
H (jw) =
Q. 49
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A closed-loop system has the characteristic function (s2 - 4) (s + 1) + K (s - 1) = 0

. Its root locus plot against K is
.
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a

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Sol. 49
2006
Closed loop transfer function of the given system is,

s2 + 4
T (s) =
(s + 1) (s + 4)
T (jw) =
(jw) 2 + 4
(jw + 1) (jw + 4)
n
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If system output is zero
4 - w2
T (jw) =
=0
^ jw + 1h (jw + 4)
.
a
4 - w2 = 0
w2 = 4 & w = 2 rad/sec
Q. 50
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y [n] denotes the output and x [n] denotes the input of a discrete-time system given
by the difference equation y [n] - 0.8y [n - 1] = x [n] + 1.25x [n + 1]. Its right-sided
impulse response is
(A) causal
(B) unbounded
(C) periodic
(D) non-negative
Sol. 50
Q. 51
The algebraic equation
F (s) = s5 - 3s 4 + 5s3 - 7s2 + 4s + 20 is given. F (s) = 0 has

(A) a single complex root with the remaining roots being real
(B) one positive real root and four complex roots, all with positive real parts
(C) one negative real root, two imaginary roots, and two roots with positive real parts
(D) one positive real root, two imaginary roots, and two roots with negative real parts
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Sol. 51
Q. 52
Consider the following Nyquist plots of loop transfer functions over w = 0 to

w = 3 . Which of these plots represent a stable closed loop system ?
.
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2006
(A) (1) only

(C) all, except (3)
(B) all, except (1)

(D) (1) and (2) only
Sol. 52
In the given options only in option (A) the nyquist plot does not enclose the unit
circle (- 1, j0), So this is stable.
Q. 53
A current of - 8 + 6 2 (sin wt + 30%) A is passed through three meters. They are

a centre zero PMMC meter, a true rms meter and a moving iron instrument. The
respective reading (in A) will be
(A) 8, 6, 10
(B) 8, 6, 8
(C) - 8 ,10,10
(D) - 8 ,2,2
Sol. 53
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PMMC instrument reads only dc value so

I PMMC =- 8 A
rms meter reads rms value so
.
w
(- 8) 2 +
Irms =
(6 2 ) 2
2
= 64 + 36
= 10 A
Moving iron instrument also reads rms value of current So
I MI = 10 mA
Reading are (I PMMC, Irms, I MI) = (- 8 A, 10 A, 10 A)
Q. 54
Sol. 54
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A variable w is related to three other variables x ,y ,z as w = xy/z . The variables

are measured with meters of accuracy !0.5% reading, !1% of full scale value
and !1.5% reading. The actual readings of the three meters are 80, 20 and 50
with 100 being the full scale value for all three. The maximum uncertainty in the
measurement of w will be
(A) !0.5% rdg
(B) !5.5% rdg
(C) !6.7 rdg
(D) !7.0 rdg
.
w

xy
Given that w =
z
o
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a
log w = log x + log y - log z

Maximum error in w
dy
! dz
% dw = ! dx !
w
x
y
z
dx = ! 0.5% reading
x
dy
= ! 1% full scale
y
= ! 1 # 100 = ! 1
100
dy
= ! 1 # 100 = ! 5% reading
y
20
dz = 1.5% reading
z

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% dw = ! 0.5% ! 5% ! 1.5%
w
So
= ! 7%
Q. 55
A 200/1 Current transformer (CT) is wound with 200 turns on the secondary
on a toroidal core. When it carries a current of 160 A on the primary, the ratio
and phase errors of the CT are found to be - 0.5% and 30 minutes respectively.
If the number of secondary turns is reduced by 1 new ratio-error(%) and phaseerror(min) will be respectively
(A) 0.0, 30
(B) - 0.5, 35
(C) - 1.0, 30
(D) - 1.0, 25
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Sol. 55
Hence ( ) is Correct Option
Q. 56
R1 and R4 are the opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge as are R3 and R2 . The
source voltage is applied across R1 and R3 . Under balanced conditions which one
of the following is true
(A) R1 = R3 R4 /R2
(B) R1 = R2 R3 /R4
(C) R1 = R2 R4 /R3
(D) R1 = R2 + R3 + R4
Sol. 56
.
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.
a
In balanced condition there is no current in CD arm so VC = VD

Writing node equation at C and D
VC - V + VC = 0 & V = V
R3
C
b R1 + R 3 l
R1
R3
V0 - V + VD = 0 & V = V
R4
D
b R2 + R 4 l
R2
R4
Vb
So
Q. 57
.
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R3
= Vb R4 l
R1 + R 3 l
R2 + R 4
R 2 R 3 + R 3 R 4 = R1 R 4 + R 3 R 4
R1 = R2 R 3 /R 4
Assuming the diodes D1 and D2 of the circuit shown in figure to be ideal ones, the
transfer characteristics of the circuit will be

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Sol. 57
2006
n
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In the circuit when Vi < 10 V, both D1 and D2 are off.

So equivalent circuit is,
n
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Vo = 10 volt
Output,
When Vi > 10 V (D1 is in forward bias and D2 is off

So the equivalent circuit is,
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a
Output,
Vo = Vi
Transfer characteristic of the circuit is

Q. 58
Consider the circuit shown in figure. If the b of the transistor is 30 and ICBO is 20
mA and the input voltage is + 5 V , the transistor would be operating in

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.
a
i
d
(A) saturation region

(C) breakdown region
Sol. 58
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(B) active region

(D) cut-off region
Assume that BJT is in active region, thevenin equivalent of input circuit is

obtained as
.
w
Vth - Vi + Vth - (- 12) = 0

15
100
n
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.
a
20Vth - 20Vi + 3Vth + 36 = 0

23Vth = 20 # 5 - 36 , Vi = 5 V
Vth = 2.78 V
Thevenin resistance
o
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So the circuit is
i
d
Rth = 15 KW || 100 KW
= 13.04 KW
Writing KVL for input loop

2.78 - Rth IB - 0.7 = 0
IB = 0.157 mA
Current in saturation is given as,
IC(sat)
b
= 12.2 = 5.4 mA
2.2
IB(sat) =
IC(sat)

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IB(sat) = 5.45 mA = 0.181 mA

30
So,
Since IB (sat) > IB , therefore assumption is true.

Q. 59
Sol. 59
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A relaxation oscillator is made using OPAMP as shown in figure. The supply

voltages of the OPAMP are !12 V . The voltage waveform at point P will be
.
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.
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Here output of the multi vibrator is

V0 = ! 12 volt
Threshold voltage at positive terminal of op-amp can be obtained as following
When output V0 =+ 12 V, equivalent circuit is,
writing node equation at positive terminal of op-amp

Vth - 12 + Vth - 0 = 0
10
10

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Vth = 6 volt (Positive threshold)

So, the capacitor will charge upto 6 volt.
When output V0 =- 12 V, the equivalent circuit is.
.
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node equation
n
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Vth + 12 + Vth - 0 = 0
2
10
5 Vth + 60 + Vth = 0
Vth =- 10 volt (negative threshold)
So the capacitor will discharge upto - 10 volt.
At terminal P voltage waveform is.
Q. 60
.
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.
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A TTL NOT gate circuit is shown in figure. Assuming VBE = 0.7 V of both the
transistors, if Vi = 3.0 V, then the states of the two transistors will be
(A) Q1 ON and Q2 OFF

(C) Q1 reverse ON and Q2 ON
(B) Q1 reverse ON and Q2 OFF

(D) Q1 OFF and Q2 reverse ON
Sol. 60
Q. 61
A student has made a 3-bit binary down counter and connected to the R-2R
ladder type DAC, [Gain = (- 1 kW/2R)] as shown in figure to generate a staircase
waveform. The output achieved is different as shown in figure. What could be the

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possible cause of this error ?
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(A) The resistance values are incorrect option.

(B) The counter is not working properly
(C) The connection from the counter of DAC is not proper
(D) The R and 2R resistance are interchanged
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Sol. 61
Hence ( ) is correct option
Q. 62
A 4 # 1 MUX is used to implement a 3-input Boolean function as shown in figure.

The Boolean function F (A, B, C) implemented is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Sol. 62
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F (A, B, C) = S (1, 2, 4, 6)
F (A, B, C) = S (1, 2, 6)
F (A, B, C) = S (2, 4, 5, 6)
F (A, B, C) = S (1, 5, 6)
Function F can be obtain as,

F = I0 S1 S0 + I1 S1 S0 + I2 S1 S0 + I3 S1 S0
F = AB C + A B C + 1 $ BC + 0 $ BC
= AB C + A BC + BC
= AB C + A BC + BC (A + A)
= AB C + A BC + ABC + A BC
F = S (1, 2, 4, 6)

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Q. 63
Sol. 63
Q. 64
Sol. 64
Q. 65
A software delay subroutine is written as given below :

DELAY :
MVI
H, 255D
MVI
L, 255D
LOOP :
DCR
L
JNZ
LOOP
DCR
H
JNZ
LOOP
How many times DCR L instruction will be executed ?
(A) 255
(B) 510
(C) 65025
(D) 65279
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MVI H and MVI L stores the value 255 in H and L registers. DCR L decrements
L by 1 and JNZ checks whether the value of L is zero or not. So DCR L executed
255 times till value of L becomes 0.
Then DCR H will be executed and it goes to Loop again, since L is of 8 bit so
no more decrement possible and it terminates.
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In an 8085 A microprocessor based system, it is desired to increment the contents

of memory location whose address is available in (D,E) register pair and store the
result in same location. The sequence of instruction is
(A) XCHG
(B) XCHG
INR M
INX H
(C) INX D
(D) INR M
XCHG
XCHG
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XCHG&
exchange the contain of DE register pair with HL pair So
now
addresses of memory locations are stored in HL pair.
INR M&
Increment the contents of memory whose address is stored
in
HL pair.
Hence (A) is correct option
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A single-phase inverter is operated in PWM mode generating a

single-pulse of width 2d in the centre of each half cycle as shown in figure. It is
found that the output voltage is free from 5th harmonic for pulse width 144c. What
will be percentage of 3rd harmonic present in the output voltage (Vo3 /Vo1 max) ?
(A) 0.0%
(C) 31.7%
Sol. 65
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(B) 19.6%
(D) 53.9%
In the PWM inverter

V0 = output voltage of inverter

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4Vs sin nd sin nwt sin np/2

n = 1 np
3
V0 =
So the pulse width = 2d = 144c

V01 = 4Vs sin 72c sin wt
p
V03 = 4Vs sin ^3 # 72ch sin 3wt
3p
4Vs
sin (3 # 72c)
V
3p #
03
so,
= 19.61%
bV01 max l =
4Vs sin 72c
p
Sol. 66
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Q. 66
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A 3-phase fully controlled bridge converter with free wheeling diode is fed from
400 V, 50 Hz AC source and is operating at a firing angle of 60c. The load current
is assumed constant at 10 A due to high load inductance. The input displacement
factor (IDF) and the input power factor (IPF) of the converter will be
(A) IDF = 0.867; IPF = 0.828
(B) IDF = 0.867; IPF = 0.552
(C) IDF = 0.5; IPF = 0.478
(D) IDF = 0.5; IPF = 0.318
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Given that
400 V, 50 Hz AC source,
so,
a = 60c, IL = 10 A
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Input displacement factor = cos a = 0.5

input power factor = D.F. # cos a
and,
.
a
Is(fundamental)
Is
4 # 10 sin 60c
p
= # 2
10 # 2/3
= 0.955
distortion factor =
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input power factor = 0.955 # 0.5

= 0.478
so,
Q. 67
A voltage commutation circuit is shown in figure. If the turn-off time of the

SCR is 50 msec and a safety margin of 2 is considered, then what will be the
approximate minimum value of capacitor required for proper commutation ?
(A) 2.88 mF
(C) 0.91 mF
(B) 1.44 mF
(D) 0.72 mF

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Sol. 67
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We know that
T = RC ln 2
T
So
C =
R # 0.693
100
=
50 # 0.693
= 2.88 mF
Q. 68
Sol. 68
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A solar cell of 350 V is feeding power to an ac supply of 440 V, 50 Hz through a

3-phase fully controlled bridge converter. A large inductance is connected in the
dc circuit to maintain the dc current at 20 A. If the solar cell resistance is 0.5 W
,then each thyristor will be reverse biased for a period of
(A) 125c
(B) 120c
(C) 60c
(D) 55c
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Let we have
R solar = 0.5 W , I 0 = 20 A
so
Vs = 350 - 20 # 0.5 = 340 V
340 = 3 # 440 # 2 cos a

p
cos a = 55c
So each thyristor will reverse biased for 180c - 55c = 125c.
Q. 69
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(A) 23.8 A
(C) 11.9 A
Sol. 69
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A single-phase bridge converter is used to charge a battery of 200 V having an

internal resistance of 0.2 W as shown in figure. The SCRs are triggered by a
constant dc signal. If SCR 2 gets open circuited, what will be the average charging
current ?
(B) 15 A
(D) 3.54 A
In this circuitry if SCR gets open circuited, than circuit behaves like a half wave
rectifier.

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So
I avg = Average value of current

p-q
1
(Vm sin wt - E) dq
2pR q
I 0(avg) = 1 62Vm cos q - E (p - 2q1)@
2p R
1 [2 (230
=
# 2 ) cos q - 200 (p - 2q1)]
2p # 2 #
q1 = sin- 1 b E l
Vm
200
= sin- 1 c
= 38c = 0.66 Rad
230 # 2 m
1 [2 2
I 0 (avg) =
# 230 cos 38c - 200 (p - 2 # 0.66)]
2p # 2
= 11.9 A
Q. 70
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An SCR having a turn ON times of 5 msec, latching current of 50 A and holding

current of 40 mA is triggered by a short duration pulse and is used in the circuit
shown in figure. The minimum pulse width required to turn the SCR ON will be
(A) 251 msec

(B) 150 msec
(C) 100 msec
(D) 5 msec
Sol. 70

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In this given circuit minimum gate pulse width time= Time required by ia rise
up to iL
i2 = 100 3 = 20 mA
5 # 10
i1 = 100 [1 - e- 40t]
20
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anode current I = I1 + I2 = 0.02 + 5 [1 - e- 40t]

0.05 = 0.05 + 5 [1 - e- 40t]
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1 - e- 40t = 0.03
5
T = 150 ms
Common Data for Questions 71, 72, 73:

A 4-pole, 50 Hz, synchronous generator has 48 slots in which a
double layer winding is housed. Each coil has 10 turns and is short
pitched by an angle to 36c electrical. The fundamental flux per pole is
0.025 Wb
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Q. 71
The line-to-line induced emf(in volts), for a three phase star connection is
approximately
(A) 808
(B) 888
(C) 1400
(D) 1538
Sol. 71

Given P = 4 , f = 50 Hz
Slots = 48 , each coil has 10 turns
Short pitched by an angle(a) to 36c electrical
Flux per pole = 0.05 Wb
So,
E ph = 4.44 ffTph KW
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48 = 4
4#3
= 48 = 12
4
= 180 = 15c
12
sin (4 # 15/2)
=
4 sin (15/2)
= 0.957
= cos a
2
= cos 18c = 0.951
Slot/Pole/ph =
Slot/Pole
Slot angle
Kd
Kp

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In double layer wdg

No. of coil = No of slots
No. of turns/ph = 48 # 10 = 160
3
Then
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E ph = 4.44 # 0.025 # 50 # 0.957 # 0.951 # 160

E ph = 808 V
.
a
EL =
3 # 808
EL = 1400 V (approximate)
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The line-to-line induced emf(in volts), for a three phase connection is approximately
(A) 1143
(B) 1332
(C) 1617
(D) 1791
Q. 72
Sol. 72
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line to line induced voltage, so in 2 phase winding

Slot/ pole/ph = 6
Tph = 480 = 240
2
Slot angle = 180 # 4 = 15c
48
sin 6 # (15/2)
Kd =
6 sin (15/2)
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Kd = 0.903
K p = cos b 36 l = 0.951
2
E ph = 4.44 # 0.025 # 50 # 240 # 0.951 # 0.903

E ph = 1143
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a
The fifth harmonic component of phase emf(in volts), for a three phase star
connection is
(A) 0
(B) 269
(C) 281
(D) 808
Q. 73
Sol. 73
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Fifth harmonic component of phase emf

So
Angle = 180 = 36c
5
the phase emf of fifth harmonic is zero.
Common Data for Question 74, 75:

A generator feeds power to an infinite bus through a double circuit transmission
line. A 3-phase fault occurs at the middle point of one of the lines. The infinite
bus voltage is 1 pu, the transient internal voltage of the generator is 1.1 pu and
the equivalent transfer admittance during fault is 0.8 pu. The 100 MVA generator
has an inertia constant of 5 MJ/MVA and it was delivering 1.0 pu power prior of
the fault with rotor power angle of 30c. The system frequency is 50 Hz.

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Q. 74
The initial accelerating power (in pu) will be

(A) 1.0
(B) 0.6
(C) 0.56
(D) 0.4
Sol. 74
Generator feeds power to infinite bus through double circuit line 3-f fault at
middle of line.
Infinite bus voltage(V ) = 1 pu
Transient internal voltage of generator(E ) = 1.1 pu
Equivalent transfer admittance during fault = 0.8 pu = 1/X
delivering power(PS ) = 1.0 pu
Perior to fault rotor Power angle d = 30c, f = 50 Hz
Initial accelerating power(Pa ) = ?
Pa = PS - Pm2 sin d
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= 1 - EV sin 30c
X
= 1 - 1.1 # 1 # 1
2
1/0.8
= 0.56 pu
If the initial accelerating power is X pu, the initial acceleration in elect-deg/sec,

and the inertia constant in MJ-sec/elect-deg respectively will be
(A) 31.4X , 18
(B) 1800X , 0.056
(C) X/1800, 0.056
(D) X/31.4, 18
Q. 75
Sol. 75
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If initial acceleration power = X pu
Initial acceleration = ?
Inertia constant = ?
a
X (pu) # S 180 # 50 # X # S
= Pa =
=
M
S#S
SH/180F
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a = 1800X deg / sec2

Inertia const. = 1
18
= 0.056
Linked Answer Questions : Q.76 to Q.85 carry two marks each

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 76 and 77:
VT
R VT
R VT
R
S2 W
S- 2 W
S- 10 W
W
W
S
S
P = 1 , Q = - 5 , R = S- 7 W are three vectors.
SS12 WW
SS 9 WW
SS 3 WW
X
T X
T X
T

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Q. 76
Sol. 76
Q. 77
Sol. 77
2006
An orthogonal set of vectors having a span that contains P, Q, Ris

V R V
R V R V
R V R
S- 6 W S 4 W
S- 4 W S 5 W S 8 W
(A) S- 3 W S- 2 W
(B) S 2 W S 7 W S 2 W
SS- 6 WW SS 3 WW
SS 4 WW SS- 11WW SS- 3 WW
RT VX RT VX R V
TR 4 VX RT1 V RX5 VT X
S 6 W S- 3 W S 3 W
S W S W S W
(C) S 7 W S 2 W S 9 W
(D) S 3 W S31W S3 W
SS- 1WW SS- 2 WW SS- 4 WW
SS11WW SS 3 WW SS4 WW
T X T X T X
T X T X T X
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The following vector is linearly dependent upon the solution to the previous
problem
V
R V
R
S8 W
S-2 W
(A) S9 W
(B) S- 17 W
SS3 WW
SS 30 WW
RT VX
TR13 V X
S4 W
S W
(C) S4 W
(D) S 2 W
SS5 WW
SS- 3 WW
T X
T X
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It is required to design an anti-aliasing filter for an, 8 bit ADC. The filter is a
first order RC filter with R = 1 W and C = 1 F . The ADC is designed to span a
sinusoidal signal with peak to peak amplitude equal to the full scale range of the
ADC.
Q. 78
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The transfer function of the filter and its roll off respectively are
(A) 1/ (1 + RCs), - 20 dB/decade
(B) (1 + RCs), - 40 dB/decade
(C) 1/ (1 + RCs), - 40 dB/decade
(D) {RCs/ (1 + RCs)}, - 20 dB/decade
Sol. 78
Q. 79
What is the SNR (in dB) of the ADC ? Also find the frequency (in decades) at
the filter output at which the filter attenuation just exceeds the SNR of the ADC.
(A) 50 dB, 2 decades
(B) 50 dB, 2.5 decades
(C) 60 dB, 2 decades
(D) 60 dB, 2.5 decades
Sol. 79

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A 300 kVA transformer has 95% efficiency at full load 0.8 p.f. lagging and 96%
efficiency at half load, unity p.f.
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Q. 80
The iron loss (Pi) and copper loss (Pc) in kW, under full load operation are
(A) Pc = 4.12, Pi = 8.51
(B) Pc = 6.59, Pi = 9.21
(C) Pc = 8.51, Pi = 4.12
(D) Pc = 12.72, Pi = 3.07
Sol. 80
Given that:
A 300 kVA transformer
Efficiency at full load is 95% and 0.8 p.f. lagging
96% efficiency at half load and unity power factor
So
For Ist condition for full load
kVA # 0.8
95% =
kVA # 0.8 + Wcu + Wi
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Second unity power factor half load

kVA # 0.5
96% =
kVA # 0.5 + Wcu + Wi
So
...(1)
...(2)
Wcu + Wi = 12.63
0.25Wcu + 0.96Wi = 6.25
Then
Wcu = 8.51, Wi = 4.118
Hence (C) is correct option
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Q. 81
What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity p.f. load ?

(A) 95.1
(B) 96.2
(C) 96.4
(D) 98.1
Sol. 81
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So
i
d
X # p.f. # kVA
X # kVA + Wi + Wcu # X2
4.118 = 0.6956
8.51
0.6956 # 1 # 300
h% =
0.6956 # 300 + 4.118 + 8.51 # (0.6956) 2
h = 96.20%
X =

For a power system the admittance and impedance matrices for the fault studies
are as follows.
V
R
S- j8.75 j1.25 j2.50 W
Ybus = S j1.25 - j6.25 j2.50 W
SS j2.50 - j2.50 - j5.00 WW
X
TR
V
j
0
.
16
j
0
.
08
j
0
.
12
W
S
Z bus = Sj0.08 j0.24 j0.16 W
SSj0.12 j0.16 j0.34 WW
X
T

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The pre-fault voltages are 1.0 pu. at all the buses. The system was unloaded prior
to the fault. A solid 3-phase fault takes place at bus 2.
Q. 82
The post fault voltages at buses 1 and 3 in per unit respectively are
(A) 0.24, 0.63
(B) 0.31, 0.76
(C) 0.33, 0.67
(D) 0.67, 0.33
Sol. 82
The post fault voltage at bus 1 and 3 are.

Pre fault voltage.
RV V R1+0cV
W
S 1W S
VBus = SV2W = S1+0cW
SSV WW SS1+0cWW
3
T
T Xoccurs
At bus 2 solid fault
ZX(f) = 0 , r = 2
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Fault current I f = Vr c = V2 c
Zrr + Z f
Z22 + Z f
Z f = 1+0c =- 4j
j0.24
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Vi (f) = Vi c (0) - Zir I (f),

Vi c = Prefault voltage
V1 (f) = Vi c - Z12 I f = 1+0c - j0.08 (- j4) = 1 - 0.32
V1 (f) = 0.68 pu
V3 (f) = V3 c - Z 32 I f = 1+0c - j0.16 (- j4) = 1 - 0.64
V3 (f) = 0.36 pu
Hence (D) is correct option
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The per unit fault feeds from generators connected to buses 1 and 2 respectively
are
(A) 1.20, 2.51
(B) 1.55, 2.61
(C) 1.66, 2.50
(D) 5.00, 2.50
Q. 83
Sol. 83
Hence ( ) is correct option

A voltage commutated chopper operating at 1 kHz is used to control the speed of
dc as shown in figure. The load current is assumed to be constant at 10 A

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Q. 84
The minimum time in msec for which the SCR M should be ON is.
(A) 280
(B) 140
(C) 70
(D) 0
Sol. 84
Given IL = 10 A . So in the + ve half cycle, it will charge the capacitor, minimum

time will be half the time for one cycle.
so min time required for charging
= p = p LC
w0
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2 # 10- 3 # 10- 6 = 140 m sec
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= 3.14 #
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Q. 85
The average output voltage of the chopper will be

(A) 70 V
(B) 47.5 V
(C) 35 V
(D) 0 V
Sol. 85

Given
.
w
Ton = 140 m sec

Average output = Ton # V
Ttotal
Ttotal = 1/f = 1 = 1 msec
103
-6
so average output = 140 # 10-3 # 250 = 35 V

1 # 10
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Answer Sheet
1.
(B)
19.
(D)
37.
(B)
55.
2.
(C)
20.
(D)
38.
(B)
56.
3.
(D)
21.
(A)
39.
(C)
4.
(*)
22.
(D)
40.
(A)
5.
(D)
23.
(*)
41.
(B)
6.
(D)
24.
(*)
42.
(A)
73.
(A)
(B)
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74.
(C)
57.
(A)
75.
(B)
58.
(B)
76.
(*)
59.
(C)
77.
(*)
60.
(*)
78.
(*)
7.
(B)
25.
(D)
43.
(C)
61.
(*)
79.
(*)
8.
(B)
26.
(B)
44.
(*)
62.
(A)
80.
(C)
9.
(B)
27.
(*)
10.
(A)
28.
(A)
11.
(B)
29.
(D)
12.
(B)
30.
(C)
.
w
13.
(B)
31.
14.
(C)
15.
(C)
16.
(A)
17.
18.
.
a
(*)
45.
i
d
(B)
63.
(A)
81.
(B)
46.
(A)
64.
(A)
82.
(D)
47.
(A)
65.
(B)
83.
(*)
48.
(A)
66.
(C)
84.
(B)
(*)
49.
(C)
67.
(A)
85.
(C)
(A)
50.
(*)
68.
(A)
(B)
51.
(*)
69.
(C)
34.
(D)
52.
(A)
70.
(B)
(A)
35.
(B)
53.
(C)
71.
(C)
(D)
36.
(A)
54.
(D)
72.
(A)
32.
33.
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n
.
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**********
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE

Q.1 - Q.20 carry one mark each.

The following is true

A bounded signal always possesses some finite energy.

Hence (B) is correct option.

Trigonometric Fourier series is given as

/ an cos nw0 t + bn sin nw0 t

Since there are no sine terms, so bn = 0

x (t) sin nw0 t dt

x (t) sin nw0 t dt +

#T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt G

#T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E

#T /2 x (T - t) sin n` 2Tp T - t j dt + #T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E

x (T - t) sin nw0 (T - t) (- dt)

#T /2 x (T - t) sin (2np - nw0) dt + #T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E

#T /2 x (t) sin nw0 t dt E

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE

In the figure the current source is 1+0 A, R = 1 W , the impedances are ZC =- j W

(B) 2+45 V, (1 - 2j) W

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(A) very low

Hence ( ) is correct Option

From maxwells first equation

In transformers, which of the following statements is valid ?

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In a DC machine, which of the following statements is true ?

In DC motor, compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reactance

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In a biased differential relay the bias is defined as a ratio of

Ratio of operating coil current to restraining coil current is known as bias in

For a system with the transfer function

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Z -transform of a discrete all pass system is given as

it has a pole at z 0 and a zero at 1/z)

system is stable if z < 1 and for this it is anti-causal.

From the Calibration pulse we can obtain

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A sampling wattmeter (that computes power from simultaneously sampled values

Reading of wattmeter (Power) in the circuit

total common area = 0 (Positive and negative area are equal)

(A) D1 ON, D2 OFF, D3 OFF

(B) D1 OFF, D2 ON, D3 OFF

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In the above circuit diode D1 must be ON, as it is connected with 10 V battery

Because we assumed diode D2 OFF so voltage across it VD2 # 0 and it is possible

So, all assumptions are true.

The speed of a 3-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz induction motor is to be controlled over a

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