Jurnal Atresia Ani 1 PDF

Open Veterinary Journal, (2012), Vol.
2: 69-71
ISSN: 2226-4485 (Print)
ISSN: 2218-6050 (Online)
Case Report
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Submitted: 07/05/2012
Accepted: 12/06/2012
Published: 30/06/2012
Rare congenital absence of tail (anury) and anus (atresia ani) in male camel
(Camelus dromedarius) calf
S. Anwar1 and G.N. Purohit2,*
Al Qattara Veterinary Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
2
Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract
A one-day old male camel calf was presented to the Al-Qattara Veterinary Hospital with complaints of abdominal
straining and lack of defecation. On examination it was found that the calf had no tail, the posterior sacral margin
was blunt and the anal opening was absent. The case was diagnosed as congenital anury with atresia ani. The animal
was sedated with 0.1 mg/kg of xylazine administered intramuscularly and under local infiltration with 2% lidocaine
a circular incision was made at the anal area to create an anal opening. The animal passed plenty of meconium. The
cut edges were sutured with horizontal mattress sutures. The animal was administered penicillin and streptomycin
for 5 days and had an uneventful recovery. It is reported that congenital anury rarely occurs in one humped camel
and accompanied atresia ani can be surgically treated.
Keywords: Anury, Atresia ani, Camel, Taillessness.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1
Introduction
Congenital taillessness is a rare defect described for
many breeds of cattle (Huston and Weardon, 1958;
Ayers et al., 1989; Belge et al., 2000; Ingham and
Widdows, 2005; Lotfi and Shahryar, 2009; Debasis
and Mousumi, 2010), dogs (Pullig, 1953; Hall et al.,
1987; Cho and Kim, 2006; Cho et al., 2008; Hytonen
et al., 2009), rats (Chesley and Dunn, 1936; Dunn et
al., 1942) and domestic fowl (Dunn, 1925). The
condition has been rarely described in goat (Debasis
and Mousumi, 2009) and sheep (Basrur and Yadav,
1990; Mahmood et al., 2001).
Tail abnormalities are sometimes associated with
rectal adhesions and excretion difficulties (Huston and
Weardon, 1958; Mahmood et al., 2001; Debasis and
Mousumi, 2009) and necessitate surgical correction
when the young ones are born with conditions like
atresia ani (Mahmood et al., 2001; Suthar et al.,
2010). The congenital caudal vertebral malformations
have been described in the alpaca (Vaughan et al.,
2000) but no case of anury was recorded. In the
present report we describe a case of tailless male
camel calf born with atresia ani and its surgical
correction.
Case History
One-day old male camel calf was presented to Al
Qattara Veterinary Hospital with a complaint of not
passing feces. The signs of tenesmus and abdominal
pain were observed and slight distension of the
abdomen was evident.
Up on examination it was found that the calf had no
tail and the opening of anus was closed with a scar at
the site of opening (Figures 1 and 2). Physically the

calf was walking normally and there was no sign of
urinary incontinence.
Fig. 1. Caudal end of one-day old camel with atresia ani.
Fig. 2. Lateral view of one-day old camel showing anury.
The coat color was light brown and the hair was
normal. On gross examination there was no evidence
of tail, the posterior sacral margin was blunt. The dam
of the calf was native breed of Al Ain area in its third
parity and had no history of illness except retention of
placenta following this birth. Both the dam (mother)
and the sire (father) of the calf were having normal
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Corresponding Author:Dr. Govind Narayan Purohit, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Email: gnpobs@gmail.com
69
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S. Anwar and G.N. Purohit
Open Veterinary Journal, (2012), Vol. 2: 69-71
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
tails. Gross and physical examination confirmed the

case as atresia ani with tailless congenital abnormality.
Surgical technique
The calf was sedated with xylazine hydrochloride
(Rompun, Bayer Animal Health Germany) at a dose
rate of 0.1mg/kg body weight (IM) and was controlled
in lateral recumbency. The perineal area was prepared
for aseptic surgery by scrubbing with povidone iodine.
The site was anesthetized by infiltration of 5 ml of 2%
lidocaine hydrochloride subcutaneously at the
proposed site of incision around the scar below the
sacral margin. The skin at the scar was slightly pulled
backward and a circular piece slightly larger than the
normal anal opening was removed.
Careful dissection was carried out further inwardly
avoiding adjacent muscles. The blind end of anal canal
(ampula recti) was caught and cut with scissors.
Immediately, meconium started flowing out. When
meconium flow became minimal, the cut edges of the
skin were sutured with the cut edge of the anal
opening all around (360 degrees) with horizontal
mattress sutures using USP 0 non absorbable (chromic
catgut 2/0) suture material keeping the knot outside
(Figures 3 and 4).
Fig. 3. A one-day old camel during surgery.
Fig. 4. Surgical correction of atresia ani (Note presence of

meconium on the ground).
Post-operative care
The surgical wound was cleaned and dressed regularly
with liquid povidone iodine. Penicillin and
Streptomycin suspension (Pen & Strep, Norbrook,
UK) was administrated at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 5 days
intramuscularly, to prevent infection. Skin sutures
were removed on the 10th post-operative day.
Discussion
The taillessness condition has been known to have a
hereditary or congenital origin. The genetic basis of
tailless mice has been a focus of many studies which
showed that tailless mice contained two alleles, each
of which was lethal when homozygous resulting into
anury (Chesley and Dunn, 1936; Gruneberg, 1958;
Wilson et al., 1995; Kilic, 2004).
Short tailed dogs are present in many breeds but the T
gene mutation has been known to result in short tails
in the Pembroke Welsh Corgis (Indrebo et al., 2008).
The T gene mutation can cause anury and Brachury
(short tails), but the T gene mutation is not present in
all breeds of dogs suggesting other genetic or
congenital factors affecting tail phenotype in dogs
(Hytonen et al., 2009).
In cattle most tail defects are considered to have
genetic origins (Schalles and Cundiff, 1999; Belge et
al., 2000) and these abnormalities mostly appear in the
process of crossing different breeds (Hills, 1997; Bahr
and Distl, 2005).
Atresia ani is also considered a defective development
that is sex linked in sheep (Dennis and Leipold, 1972)
and due to an autosomal recessive gene in pigs
(Harkin et al., 1982). Congenital defects may arise
because of many factors including ingestion of some
toxic plants, effects of some infectious agents and
administration of some drugs (Rosseaux and Ribble
1988). The cause of anomalous development may
occasionally be obvious but more often is obscure
because of its multifactorial nature (Rosseaux and
Ribble, 1988).
The reason for anury in the present case could not be
ascertained. The male to which the camel calf was
born had not sired similar calves previously. It has
been mentioned that the probability of occurrence of
anury in female calves of dairy cattle is twice the
probability of occurrence in male calves (Lotfi and
Shahryar, 2009). However; the sex of the camel calf
presently was male.
The present camel calf had anury along with atresia
ani. Defects of the rectum including atresia ani may
occur with anury (Huston and Weardon, 1958;
Debasis and Mousumi, 2009; Mahmood et al., 2001;
Varghese et al., 2010).
Surgical management of atresia ani was simple
surgical
excision
followed
by making a
mucocutaneous junction. Atresia ani has been
recorded in alpaca (Del Campo et al., 1993) and in
llama (Whitehead, 2009) but similar case was not
reported.
Calves are referred for atresia ani because of fecal
retention (Suthar et al., 2010; Varghese et al., 2010)
and similar problem was seen in the day old camel
calf in the present report. A gush of meconium passes
out on first surgical opening of congenitally closed
70
http://www.openveterinaryjournal.com
S. Anwar and G.N. Purohit
Open Veterinary Journal, (2012), Vol. 2: 69-71
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
rectal wall at the anus. The healing was uneventful

and the calf had no subsequent problem.
It is reported that congenital anury with atresia ani
rarely occurs in camels and surgical correction of
atresia ani is mandatory.
___________________________________________
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71

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Open Veterinary Journal, (2012), Vol.

the site of opening (Figures 1 and 2). Physically the

Fig. 1. Caudal end of one-day old camel with atresia ani.

Fig. 2. Lateral view of one-day old camel showing anury.

tails. Gross and physical examination confirmed the

Fig. 3. A one-day old camel during surgery.

Fig. 4. Surgical correction of atresia ani (Note presence of

rectal wall at the anus. The healing was uneventful

Harkin, J.T., Jones, R.T. and Gillick, J.C. 1982. Rectal

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