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    Functions of The Nervous System

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    Jungkookie Bae
    The nervous system has three main functions: sensory which monitors the internal and external environment, integration which processes sensory information, and motor which responds to processed information through effectors like muscles. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system comprising nerves outside the CNS which transmit sensory input and motor output. Neurons are the basic functional units and communicate between each other via electrical and chemical signals across synapses.

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    Functions of The Nervous System

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    Jungkookie Bae
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    The nervous system has three main functions: sensory which monitors the internal and external environment, integration which processes sensory information, and motor which responds to processed information through effectors like muscles. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system comprising nerves outside the CNS which transmit sensory input and motor output. Neurons are the basic functional units and communicate between each other via electrical and chemical signals across synapses.

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    by sir jackquero

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    Nervous System

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    The nervous system has three main functions: sensory which monitors the internal and external environment, integration which processes sensory information, and motor which responds to processed information through effectors like muscles. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system comprising nerves outside the CNS which transmit sensory input and motor output. Neurons are the basic functional units and communicate between each other via electrical and chemical signals across synapses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    47 views5 pages

    Functions of The Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Jungkookie Bae
    The nervous system has three main functions: sensory which monitors the internal and external environment, integration which processes sensory information, and motor which responds to processed information through effectors like muscles. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system comprising nerves outside the CNS which transmit sensory input and motor output. Neurons are the basic functional units and communicate between each other via electrical and chemical signals across synapses.

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    Functions of the Nervous System

    The Nervous System

    Functions of the Nervous System


    Sensory monitors internal & external environment
    through presence of receptors
    Integration interpretation of sensory information
    (information processing); complex (higher order)
    functions
    Motor response to information processed through
    stimulation of effectors
    muscle contraction
    glandular secretion

    1. Control center for all body activities


    2. Responds and adapts to changes that occur both
    inside and outside the body
    (Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy)

    General Organization of the nervous


    system
    Two Anatomical Divisions

    Central nervous system (CNS)

    Brain
    Spinal cord

    Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

    All the neural tissue outside CNS


    Afferent division (sensory input)
    Efferent division (motor output)

    Somatic nervous system


    Autonomic nervous system

    General Organization of the nervous


    system

    THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

    Central Nervous System


    Brain : a mass of 100
    billion neurons
    located inside the
    skull
    -Learning occurs as
    more and stronger
    connections are
    made between
    neurons

    Retrieval of a Memory

    Anatomy of the Brain


    Cerebrum : largest part
    of human brain
    - Responsible for:
    - Thought
    - Language
    - Senses
    - Memory
    - Voluntary
    movement

    Anatomy of the Brain

    A memory is not a
    snapshot stored in the
    brain it must be put
    together
    from
    information stored in
    various parts of the
    brain

    Cerebellum : at base
    of brain
    -Responsible for:
    - Muscle
    coordination
    - Balance
    - Posture

    Anatomy of the Brain

    Central Nervous System

    Brain Stem :
    connects brain to
    spinal cord
    -Responsible for:
    - Breathing
    - Swallowing
    - Heartbeat
    - Blood pressure

    Spinal Cord : Column of nerves


    from brain to tailbone
    protected by vertebrae of spine
    - Responsible for:
    - Conducting impulses
    between the brain and the rest
    of the body
    *Impulses may travel as fast at
    268 miles/hr

    Central Nervous System


    Neurons : microscopic
    nerve cells that make
    up the brain, spinal
    cord, and nerves

    - 30,000 neurons can fit


    on a pinhead

    Anatomy of a Neuron

    Anatomy of a Neuron
    Each neuron contains:
    - Cell body with nucleus
    - Dendrites : fibers that
    receive messages from
    other neurons
    - Axons : fibers that send
    messages to other
    neurons

    Communication Between Neurons

    Neurons do NOT touch;


    there is a gap between
    them called a synapse

    - The use of
    neurotransmitters
    causes an electrical
    current

    Messages are sent


    across the synapses by
    special chemicals called
    neurotransmitters

    There is enough electrical


    current in the brain to
    power a flashlight

    Brain Teaser
    If you were running a race, and you passed the
    person in 2nd place, what place would you be in
    now?
    Second

    Brain Teaser
    AHIMNOTUVW
    Which of the letters above does not belong with the
    rest?
    N It is not a mirror-image of itself

    Peripheral Nervous System

    THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

    Peripheral Nervous System


    -Responsibilities:
    - Sensory nerves - carry
    messages from body
    to brain (pain,
    pressure,
    temperature)

    Nerves
    :
    visible
    bundles of axons and
    dendrites that extend
    from the brain and
    spinal cord to all other
    parts of the body

    Terminology
    Input: sensory = sensory input
    Receptors monitor changes
    Changes called stimuli (sing., stimulus)
    Information sent by afferent nerves

    Integration
    Info processed
    Decision made about what should be done

    Output: motor = motor output

    - Motor nerves carry


    messages from brain
    to body to respond

    Terminology, continued

    Effector organs (muscles or glands) activated


    Effected by efferent nerves

    Remember the difference between the English words affect and


    effect

    Simplified

    The music affected her deeply.


    (Something is experienced: sensory)

    His protests had no effect.


    (Something is done or not done: motor)

    END

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