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Unit 1: Introduction To Wireless Communication Systems

The document provides an overview of wireless communication systems including diagrams of paging, cordless telephone and cellular systems. It also discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 3G and compares characteristics of wired and wireless networks.

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Aagam Shah
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78 views

Unit 1: Introduction To Wireless Communication Systems

The document provides an overview of wireless communication systems including diagrams of paging, cordless telephone and cellular systems. It also discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 3G and compares characteristics of wired and wireless networks.

Uploaded by

Aagam Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1

Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems

http://faculty.poly.edu/~tsr/bio.php
http://www.samsung.com/in/consumer/mobile-phone/mobile-phone/smartphone/GTS5360MAAINU-spec

The electronics boom

The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th century.

Paging system

Diagram of a wide area paging system.

Cordless telephone

Diagram of Cordless telephone system

Cellular system

10

9
4

Timing diagram illustrating how a call to a mobile user initiated by a landline subscriber is established.

Timing diagram illustrating how a call initiated by a mobile is established.

c
f

c
f

Wired

Wireless

Fixed
Interference is not an issue
High Bandwidth
Dedicated medium
Direction is known
More Secure

Mobile
Major issue
Low Bandwidth
Shared medium
Unknown
Vulnerable

1G

AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone System


Analogue Cellular System (800 MHz)
US Standard
First field trial of cellular system in Chicago

TACS - Total Access Communication System


Analogue Cellular System (900 MHz)
UK Standard (Started in 1985)
1230 Bidirectional Channels (25 KHz)

NMT - Nordic Mobile Telephony


Scandinavian standard; adopted in most of Europe
First European System (Sweden, 1981)
Initially launched for 450 MHz and later on available for 900 MHz also
IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar

2G

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

Digital Cellular System


Originally Pan-European, later on deployed worldwide
Available in 3 Frequency Bands
GSM 900 Operates in 900 MHz band
DCS 1800 Digital Cellular System (Operates in 1800 MHz Band)
PCS 1900 Personal Communication System
Operates in 1900 MHz Band
Available only in USA

DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System


Digital Cellular System
US Standard

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access


IS-95, Qualcomm, US Standard

PDC Personal Digital Cellular system


Japanese Standard

IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar

2G +

HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data


Combining timeslots allocated for data
Bandwidth up to 64 kbps (14.4 Kbps/TSL)

GPRS General Packet Radio Service


Radio resources shared by all users
Handle 10-171 kbps data rates
Compatible with existing GSM network infrastructure

IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar

3G

WCDMA
Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA 2000 1x and 3x


Will enable Web Browsing, Email, Picture Messaging, mp3 Playback, Real
Time Video,Video Conferencing, Web Camera, and other conceivable
services.. At 360 kbps to 2 Mbps

IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar

Wireless Standards
Generation

Euro

US

1G

Analog

Analog (AMPS)

2G

GSM

CDMA(IS95Based)

2.5G

GPRS

CDMA2000 1x

3G

UMTS

CDMA20003x
(W-CDMA)

Frequency Spectrum

Wireless Services are primarily identified in the frequency domain.


Each specific service is allocated with a frequency band (FDM)

The frequency band may also be allotted on time -share basis (TDM)
Wireless Service requires non-interference with other frequency bands
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) located in Geneva is
responsible for worldwide coordination of telecommunication activities
(wired and wireless).

Allocation of available frequency spectrum is carried out internationally and


nationally a (in India, Wireless Planning Commission (WPC) is charged with

this responsibility)
The word RF and Wireless are synonymously used in current practice

Band Number Symbols Frequency Range Wavelength Range

Typical sources

ELF

3 to 30 Hz

10,000 to 100,000 km deeply-submerged submarine communication

SLF

30 to 300 Hz

1000 to 10,000 km

submarine communication, ac power grids

ULF

300 to 3 kHz

100 to 1000 km

earth quakes, earth mode communication

VLF

3 to 30 kHz

10 to 100 km

near-surface submarine communication,

LF

30 to 300 kHz

1 to 10 km

AM broadcasting, aircraft beacons

MF

300 to 3000 kHz

100 to 1000 m

AM broadcasting, aircraft beacons

HF

3 to 30 MHz

10 to 100 m

Skywave long range radio communication: shortwave


broadcasting, military, maritime, diplomatic, amateur
two-way radio

VHF

30 to 300 MHz

1 to 10 m

FM radio broadcast, television broadcast, PMR, DVBT, MRI

UHF

300 to
3000 MHz

10 to 100 cm

PMR, television broadcast, microwave oven,


GPS, mobile phone communication (GSM,
UMTS, 3G, HSDPA), cordless phones
(DECT), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n),
Bluetooth

10

SHF

3 to 30 GHz

1 to 10 cm

DBS satellite television broadcasting, WLAN (Wi-Fi


802.11 a/n), microwave relays, WiMAX, radars

1 to 10 mm

microwave relays, intersatellite links, WiMAX, high


resolution radar, directed-energy weapon (Active
Denial System), Security screening (Millimeter wave
scanner)

11

EHF

30 to 300 GHz

Wireless Spectrum for


Mobile Services

Frequency usage in countries


Europe
Mobile
phones

NMT 453-457MHz,
463-467 MHz;
GSM 890-915 MHz,
935-960 MHz;
1710-1785 MHz,
1805-1880 MHz
Cordless
CT1+ 885-887 MHz,
telephones 930-932 MHz;
CT2
864-868 MHz
DECT
1880-1900 MHz
Wireless
IEEE 802.11
LANs
2400-2483 MHz
HIPERLAN 1
5176-5270 MHz

USA

Japan

AMPS, TDMA, CDMA


824-849 MHz,
869-894 MHz;
TDMA, CDMA, GSM
1850-1910 MHz,
1930-1990 MHz;
PACS 1850-1910 MHz,
1930-1990 MHz
PACS-UB 1910-1930 MHz

PDC
810-826 MHz,
940-956 MHz;
1429-1465 MHz,
1477-1513 MHz

IEEE 802.11
2400-2483 MHz

IEEE 802.11
2471-2497 MHz

PHS
1895-1918 MHz
JCT
254-380 MHz

Multiple access schemes


Frequency Division Multiple Access
Channels are 200 kHz wide. 125 pairs of
channels available but 124 are used keeping
guard band of 100 KHz at upper end and lower
end of the spectrum
Time Division Multiple Access
8 connections each channel
For GSM900:
124*8 = 992 channel to use.
For GSM1800
275*8=2200 channels to use

Example of the emerging applications and markets for broadband services.


(Courtesy of Harris Corporation, 1999, all rights reserved.)

A wireless Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) using

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) distribution.

Bluetooth and Personal Area Networks

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