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    Static Var Compensator (SVC)

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    Ismail Hussain
    The document summarizes Static Var Compensator (SVC) technology. It describes SVC as a shunt connected variable capacitor and reactor that uses power electronics, namely thyristors, to control reactive power flow without moving parts. It discusses two common SVC configurations: the Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC). The TCR allows continuous reactive power control by delaying thyristor firing to reduce current, while the TSC provides discrete steps of reactive power by switching multiple capacitors in and out of the system.

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    Static Var Compensator (SVC)

    Uploaded by

    Ismail Hussain
    39 views24 pages
    The document summarizes Static Var Compensator (SVC) technology. It describes SVC as a shunt connected variable capacitor and reactor that uses power electronics, namely thyristors, to control reactive power flow without moving parts. It discusses two common SVC configurations: the Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC). The TCR allows continuous reactive power control by delaying thyristor firing to reduce current, while the TSC provides discrete steps of reactive power by switching multiple capacitors in and out of the system.

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    Original Title

    SVCHandout(4)

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    The document summarizes Static Var Compensator (SVC) technology. It describes SVC as a shunt connected variable capacitor and reactor that uses power electronics, namely thyristors, to control reactive power flow without moving parts. It discusses two common SVC configurations: the Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC). The TCR allows continuous reactive power control by delaying thyristor firing to reduce current, while the TSC provides discrete steps of reactive power by switching multiple capacitors in and out of the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views24 pages

    Static Var Compensator (SVC)

    Uploaded by

    Ismail Hussain
    The document summarizes Static Var Compensator (SVC) technology. It describes SVC as a shunt connected variable capacitor and reactor that uses power electronics, namely thyristors, to control reactive power flow without moving parts. It discusses two common SVC configurations: the Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC). The TCR allows continuous reactive power control by delaying thyristor firing to reduce current, while the TSC provides discrete steps of reactive power by switching multiple capacitors in and out of the system.

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    Static Var Compensator (SVC)

    Shunt connected variable capacitor and

    reactor
    Static as there are no moving
    components
    Controlled by power electronics
    Number of possible configurations, typical
    Thyristorcontrolled reactor (TCR)
    Thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC)

    SVC

    TCR
    Allows continuous control of the reactive

    power absorbed
    Thyristors in anti parallel connection act as
    a bidirectional switch
    Delay firing of thyristors to reduce time
    that current flows through inductor
    Thereby reducing fundamental magnitude of

    current and reducing reactive power absorbed

    Firing Signals

    Firing Angle (), Conduction angle ()


    Firing Angle is the delay time
    Conduction angle is the time conducting
    90< <180
    If = 90, then conducts for full cycle, i.e.
    =180
    If = 180, then there is no conduction,
    i.e. =0
    + /2= 180 ()
    4

    Example
    A 3 phase FC-TCR with L=37.887mH,

    C=133.7uF is required to absorb reactive


    power in the range Q to +Q kVAr
    corresponding to conduction angles of 0 &
    180 degrees respectively, when connected
    to a 690V 3 phase supply.

    Find Q
    Estimate conduction angle to give zero
    reactive power

    SVC Firing Circuitry


    Recall operation of SVC
    Timing of firing angle determines

    magnitude of fundamental current by


    pulsing thyristors at appropriate time

    BL ( )

    Sin
    Xr

    TCR Firing Circuitry


    A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop
    (PLL) generates a signal that has a fixed
    relation to the phase of a "reference"
    signal
    In this case a sawtooth signal is generated
    of set frequency
    DC comparison voltage adjusted up and
    down to give required positive crossover
    point i.e. required firing angle

    TCR Firing Circuitry

    Total Harmonic Distortion


    THD is a measure of the harmonic content
    of a waveform. It can be calculated for V
    or I.
    hmax

    THD

    2
    M
    h
    h2

    M1

    It is a measure of the effective value of the


    harmonic components of a distorted wave.

    RMS
    The rms value of the distorted waveform is
    not the sum of the individual harmonics
    but the square root of the sum of the
    squares
    hmax

    RMS

    2
    M
    h
    h2

    Relationship between RMS and THD is,

    RMS M1 1 THD2

    Power and Power Factor


    Harmonic distortion complicates the

    computation of power and power factor

    Apparent Power (S) is product of RMS

    voltage and current


    P is average rate of delivery of energy
    Q is component of S in quadrature with P

    Power and Power Factor


    At fundamental freq.

    P S Cos
    Q S Sin
    If just the fundamental is considered then
    P has its usual form

    P V1 I1 Cos1
    Cos1 is displacement power factor (DPF)

    Power and Power Factor


    P V1 I1 Cos1 I1
    PF

    DPF
    S
    V1 I
    I
    I1

    If large current distortion I will be small


    => PF small

    THD Example
    v(t ) Sint 0.3Sin(3t 10 ) 0.1Sin(5t 13 )
    i(t ) Sin(t 30 ) 0.2Sin(3t 60 ) 0.05Sin(5t 10 )
    n=1

    n=3

    n=5

    |Vh|

    0.707

    0.212

    0.071

    |Ih|

    0.707

    0.141

    0.035

    Cos

    0.866

    0.342

    0.999

    Sin

    0.5

    0.94

    0.052

    |Ph|

    0.433

    0.01

    0.0025

    |Qh|

    0.25

    0.0282

    0.0001

    |Sh|

    0.5

    0.03

    0.0025

    THD Example
    V
    V

    2
    sin
    d
    0

    (1 Cos 2 )d

    1
    V
    2

    SVC
    Filters for 5th and 7th and a HPF for higher

    order harmonics
    Tripplen harmonics circulate in delta only
    under balanced conditions
    During major disturbances, may get
    asymmetrical firing of thyristors
    Give rise to DC components
    Can saturate trafo and lead to further
    harmonics
    Sometimes a 3rd harmonic filter is used

    Thyristor Switched
    Capacitor (TSC)
    Allows control of supply of vars in discrete

    steps
    Use a number of parallel connected
    capacitors
    Each has thyristor pair bi-directional switch
    Controller selects how many capacitors to
    switch in

    21

    TSC
    Susceptance is adjusted by controlling # of
    capacitors (0,1,2....k)
    Stepwise changes in susceptance
    Could binary weight the capacitor to
    increase the number of steps for a given #
    Usually all but one have susceptance B,
    the last one has B/2 giving 2k levels

    TSC
    No harmonics are produced
    Under ideal conditions no switching
    transients

    Integral cycle of conduction through


    capacitor

    TSC
    Ideal transient free switching:
    Vco=+-Vpk
    dV/dt=0
    Reactors connected in series to limit
    current

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