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    Comminution

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    SOUPINESS
    Comminution

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Comminution

    Uploaded by

    SOUPINESS
    100 views7 pages
    Comminution

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Comminution

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    100 views7 pages

    Comminution

    Uploaded by

    SOUPINESS
    Comminution

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Variations of Particle Fracture

    Abrasion
    "

    Comminution

    "

    Localized stresses at the surface


    Occurs when insufficient energy is applied to
    cause significant fracture of the particles

    Rittinger s, Kick s and Bond s Laws


    Crushing and Grinding

    Variations of Particle Fracture


    !

    Cleavage
    "
    "

    Slow compression
    Occurs when energy applied
    is just sufficient to load
    comparatively few regions of
    the particles to the fracture
    point

    Variations of Particle Fracture


    !

    Shatter
    "
    "

    "

    Impact
    The applied energy is well in
    excess of which is required for
    fracture
    Comparatively large number of
    particles with a wide range of
    sizes

    Stages of Comminution
    !

    Primary Crushing
    "
    "
    "
    "
    "

    Jaw Crusher
    Gyratory Crusher
    Cone Crusher
    Roll Crusher
    Impactor

    Secondary Grinding
    "
    "
    "
    "

    Operation

    Ball Mill
    Rod Mill
    Autogenous / SemiAutogenous Mill
    Tower Mill

    Reduction Ratio

    Rr =

    Stages of Size Reduction


    Explosive Shattering
    10 Crushing
    20 Crushing
    Coarse Grinding
    Fine Grinding
    Very Fine Grinding
    Superfine Grinding

    Jaw Crusher

    d feed
    d product

    For crushing, it is often taken as the ratio of


    the feed opening (gape) to the discharge
    opening (set) of equipment
    Maximum particle sizes are used
    sometimes

    Consists of 2 crushing
    faces or jaws:
    "
    "

    one stationary and


    rigidly mounted
    one moving, swinging
    relative to the fixed jaw

    Size Range
    < x 1m
    1m < x 100mm
    100mm < x 10mm
    10mm < x 1mm
    1mm < x 100m
    100m < x 10m
    10m < x 1m

    Types of Jaw Crushers


    !

    Blake
    "

    Movable jaw is pivoted at the top

    Gyratory Crushers
    !

    Relative motion of the


    crushing faces is due to
    gyration motion of an
    eccentrically mounted
    cone
    Crushes on full cycle

    Types of Jaw Crushers


    !

    Dodge Type
    "

    The movable jaw is fixed at the bottom

    Cone Crusher
    !

    !
    !
    !

    Modified gyratory
    crusher
    Smaller product
    Fast discharge
    Non-choking

    Types of Cone Crushers


    STANDARD

    SHORT HEAD

    Roll Crushers
    !

    Consists of two horizontal cylinders revolving


    towards each other

    Impactors
    !

    Comminution by impact; sharp blows on freefalling rock

    Grinding
    !

    Size reduction by impact + abrasion

    Motion of Charge in TM s
    !

    Cascading
    "
    "

    !
    !
    !

    Done either wet or dry


    Performed primarily on rotating cylindrical steel
    vessels (tumbling mills)
    May or may not use grinding medium (balls or rods)

    Motion of charge in tumbling mills

    Cataracting
    "
    "

    Rolling motion of the charge down to the toe


    Leads to finer grinding by abrasion
    Parabolic path taken by charge as projected by
    lifting of the mill
    Coarse grinding by impact

    Centrifuging
    "

    Charge is carried around in a fixed position

    Rod Mill
    !
    !

    Uses cast iron rods as grinding medium


    Length is 1.5-2.5x the diameter

    Discharge types

    Ball Mill
    !
    !

    Uses forged steel balls as grinding medium


    Length is 1-1.5x the diameter

    Autogenous / SAG Mills


    !
    !

    !
    !

    The action of the ore


    grinding upon itself
    Uses tumbling to effect
    grinding; little or no
    medium!
    Length is of diameter
    Semi-Autogenous
    Grinding (SAG) Mill
    uses 6%-10% mill
    volume ball charge

    Tower Mill
    Alternative to ball
    mills for very fine
    grinding
    Steel balls or
    pebbles in a
    vertical grinding
    chamber with
    internal screw

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