Datasheet tl494

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits
TL494
SOP16/DIP16
FEATURES
(TOP VIEW)
Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry

Uncommitted Outputs for 200 Ma Sink or Source Current
Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation
Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output
Variable Dead-Time Provides Control over Total Range
Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply,5%
Error
AMP 1
NONINV
INPUT
16
NONINV
INPUT
Error
AMP 2
INV INPUT
15
INV INPUT
FEEDBACK
14
REF OUT
DEAD-TIME
CONTROL
13
OUTPUT
CONTROL
CT
12
Vcc
RT
11
C2
GND
10
E2
C1
E1
Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization
DESCRIPTION
The TL494 incorporate on a single monolithic chip all the functions
required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation control,
these devices offer the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
Package
the power supply control circuitry to his application.
TL494D
16 SOP
The TL494 contains an error amplifier, an on-chip adjustable
TL494N
18 DIP
oscillator, a dead-time control comparator, pulse-steering control
flip-flop, a 5-volt, 5% precision regulator, and output-control circuit.
The error amplifier exhibits a common-mode voltage range from -0.3 volts to Vcc -2 volts. The dead-time control
comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time when externally altered. The on-chip
oscillator may be bypassed by terminating R T (pin 6) to the reference output and providing a sawtooth in put to
CT (pin 5), or it may be used to drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The
uncommited output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. Each Device
provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which may be selected through the output-control funct
-ion. The architecture of these devices prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push
-pull operation.
Functional Block Diagram

OUTPUT CONTROL
RT
OSCILLATOR
CT
Q1
C1
E1
DEAD
DEAD-TIME CONTROL COMPARATOR
0.1V
C1
TIME
CONTROL
Q2
C2
E2
PULSE-STEERING FLIP-FLOP
PWM COMPARATOR
ERROR AMPLIFIER
+
NONINVERTING INPUT
1
-
INVERTING INPUT
Vcc
ERROR AMPLIFIER
NONINVERTING INPUT
REFERENCE
+
2
INVERTING INPUT
Vref
FEEDBACK
GND
HTC
Mar. 2006-Rev06
145
TL494
Parameter measurement information
Vcc = 15V
Vcc
150
2W
DEAD-TIME
TEST
INPUTS
C1
FEEDBACK
E1
RT
C2
CT
E2
150
2W
OUTPUT 1
OUTPUT 2
12K
0.01uF
(+)
(-)
ERROR
(+)
(-)
50K
OUTPUT
CONTROL
REF OUT
GND
TEST CIRCUIT
Vcc
VOLTAGE
AT C1
0
Vcc
VOLTAGE
AT C2
VOLTAGE
AT CT
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
DEAD-TIME
CONTROL
INPUT
0V
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK
0%
0.7 V
DUTY
CIRCLE
0%
MAX
Figure 1. OPERATIONAL TEST CIRCUIT AND WAVEFORMS
HTC
Mar. 2006-Rev06
146
TL494
AMPLIFIER
UNDER TEST
+
FEEDBACK
TERMINAL
Vref
OTHER
AMPLIFIER
FIGURE 2. AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS

15 V
(EACH OUTPUT
CIRCUIT)
68
2W
t
OUTPUT
CL =15pF
(Includes probe
and
jig capacitance)
90%
90%
10%
TEST CIRCUIT
10%
OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
FIGURE 3. COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION
15 V
(EACH OUTPUT
CIRCUIT)
90%
90%
10%
10%
68
2W
t
CL =15pF
(Includes probe
and
jig capacitance)
TEST CIRCUIT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
FIGURE 4. EMITTER-FOLLOWER CONFIGURATION
HTC
Mar. 2006-Rev06
147
TL494
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OVER OPERATING FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE RANGE

Rating
Value
41
Unit
Vcc +0.3
41
250
0 to 70
mA
-65 to 150
260
Supply voltage, Vcc

Amplifier input voltage
Collector output voltage
Collector output current
Operating free-air temperature range
Storage temperature range
Lead temperature 1,6 mm from case for 10 seconds
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Value
Parameter
Supply voltage, Vcc
Amplifier input voltage, Vi
Collector output voltage, Vo
Collector output current (each transistor)
Current into feedback terminal
Timing capacitor, C T
Timing resistor, R T
Oscillator frequency
Operating free-air temperature, T A
Unit
MIN
MAX
7
-0.3
40
Vcc -2
40
0.47
1.8
200
0.3
10000
500
1
0
300
70
mA
nF
K
KHz
o
Electrical characteristics over recommended operatng free-air temperature range,

Vcc=15V, f= 10 kHz(unless otherwise noted).
Parameter
Output voltage (Vref)
Input regulation
Output regulation
Output voltage change with temperature
Short-circuit output current***
Test Conditions*
lo = 1mA
Vcc = 7V to 40 V
MIN
4.75
Io = 1mA to 10mA
TA = MIN to MAX
Vref = 0
Value
TYP**
5
MAX
5.25
25
1
0.2
35
15
1
Unit
V
mV
%
mA
Oscillator section (See Figure 1)

Parameter
Frequency
Standard deviation of frequency****
Frequency change with voltage
Frequency change with temperature****
Test Conditions*
CT=0.01F, R T=12K
All values of Vcc, C T,RT,
and TA constant
Vcc=7V to 40V, T A=25oC
CT=0.01F, R T=12K,
TA = MIN to MAX
MIN
Value
TYP**
10
MAX
Unit
KHz
10
0.1
%
1
HTC
Mar. 2006-Rev06
148
TL494
Electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range,

Vcc=15V, f=10kHz (unless otherwise noted)
Amplifier section (See Figure 2)
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN.
TYP**. MAX. UNIT
Input offset voltage

Input offset current
Vo(pin 3)=2.5V
Vo(pin 3)=2.5V
2
25
10
250
nA
Input bias current
Vo(pin 3)=2.5V
0.2
Common-mode input voltage range
Vcc = 7V to 40V
-0.3~-2
Vo=3V, R L=2K, Vo=0.5~3.5V
70
95
Vo=0.5~3.5V, R L=2K
800
Open-loop voltage amplification

Unity-gain bandwidth
Common-mode rejection ratio
Output sink current (pin 3)
Output source current (pin 3)
Vo= 40V, T A= 25oC

VID=-15mV~-5V, V( pin3)=0.7V
65
0.3
VID=15mV~5V, V( pin3)=3.5V
-2
dB
kHz
80
0.7
dB
mA
mA
*For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.
** All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA =25 oC
*** Duration of the short-circuit should not exceed one second.
**** Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula.
***** Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor not taken into account.
Output section
TEST CONDITIONS
VCE=40V, Vcc=40V
VCC=VC=40V,V E=0
VE=0, IC=200mA
Vc=15V, I E=-200mA
VI=Vref
MIN.
PARAMETER
Input bias current(pin4)
Maximum duty cycle, each output
TEST CONDITIONS
VI=0 to 5.25V
VI (pin 4)=0, CT=0.1uF, R T=12K
MIN.
Input threshold voltage(pin 4)
Zero duty cycle

Maximum duty cycle
PARAMETER
Collector off-state current
Emitter off-state current
Common-emitter
Emitter-follower
Output control input current
Collector-emitter saturation voltage
TYP*
2
1.1
1.5
MAX. UNIT
100
-100
1.3
V
2.5
3.5 mA
Dead-time control-section (See Figure 1)

TYP*
-2
45
3
0
MAX. UNIT
-10
%
3.3
PMW comparator section (See Figure 1)

PARAMETER
Input threshold voltage (pin3)
Input sink current (pin 3)
TEST CONDITIONS
Zero duty cycle
V(pin3) = 0.7V
MIN.
0.3
TYP*
4
0.7
MAX. UNIT
4.5
V
mA
TYP*
6
MAX. UNIT
10
mA
15
Total device
PARAMETER
Standby supply current
Average supply current
TEST CONDITIONS
Pin 6 at Vref, all other inputs
and outputs open
VI(pin 4)= 2V
MIN.
VCC=15V
VCC=40V
9
7.5
HTC
Mar. 2006-Rev06
149

Switching characteristics, T
TL494
= 25 oC
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN.
TYP*
MAX. UNIT
Output voltage rise time

Output voltage fall time
Common-emitter configuration
100
25
200
100
Output voltage rise time

Output voltage fall time
Emitter-follower configuration
100
40
200
100
ns
* All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at T A = 25oC

t osc - R T
100
Vcc=15V
VO=3.0V
RL=2.0
OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN VOL

A (dB)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCYosct (Hz)
90
100
10 k
1.0 k
500
80
0
20
70
40
60
60
50
80
40
100
30
120
20
140
10
160
0
1.0 k
5.0 k
20 k 50 k
200
500
1.0
180
1.1
10
100
1.0k
10k
TIMING RESISTANCET()
R
FREQUENCY f(Hz)
VCE(sat) -
VCE -
EXCESS PHASE (DEGREES)
500
100k
1.0M
1.9
SATURATION VOLTAGE CE
V (sat) (V)
SATURATION VOLTAGE CE
V (sat) (V)
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
0.6
1.1
0.4 0
100
200
300
COLLECTOR CURRENT Ic
(
)
ICC - V CC
10
100
200
300
EMITTER CURRENT IE (mA)
SUPPLY CURRENT Icc (mA)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
5.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
SUPPLY VOLTAGE Vcc (V)
HTC
Mar. 2006-Rev06
150

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Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry

Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization

Functional Block Diagram

DEAD-TIME CONTROL COMPARATOR

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

Parameter measurement information

Figure 1. OPERATIONAL TEST CIRCUIT AND WAVEFORMS

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

FIGURE 2. AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS

OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

FIGURE 3. COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION

OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

FIGURE 4. EMITTER-FOLLOWER CONFIGURATION

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OVER OPERATING FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE RANGE

Supply voltage, Vcc

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Electrical characteristics over recommended operatng free-air temperature range,

Oscillator section (See Figure 1)

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

Electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range,

TYP**. MAX. UNIT

Input offset voltage

Input bias current

Common-mode input voltage range

Open-loop voltage amplification

Vo= 40V, T A= 25oC

Input threshold voltage(pin 4)

Zero duty cycle

Collector-emitter saturation voltage

Dead-time control-section (See Figure 1)

PMW comparator section (See Figure 1)

Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

Output voltage rise time

Output voltage rise time

* All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at T A = 25oC

OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN VOL

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCYosct (Hz)

EXCESS PHASE (DEGREES)

EMITTER CURRENT IE (mA)

SUPPLY CURRENT Icc (mA)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE Vcc (V)

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