Multicast Solutions

Multicast Solutions
PIM Dense Mode

ip multicast-routing
!
interface FastEthernet 0/0.146
ip pim dense-mode
PIM Sparse Mode

NOTE: R5 loopback dont need to have
sparse configured, only if candidates for Auto
RP
ip pim rp-address 150.1.5.5
!
interface FastEthernet 0/1
ip pim sparse-mode
Multicast RPF Failure

interface Serial 0/0
ip pim dense-mode
!
ip multicast rpf interval 6
ip multicast rpf backoff 10 200
Rack1R5(config)#ip mroute 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 155.1.0.4
PIM Sparse-Dense Mode

ip access-list standard SPARSE_GROUPS
permit 224.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
!
ip multicast-routing
ip pim rp-address 150.1.5.5 SPARSE_GROUPS
!
interface Port-Channel1
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Vlan 10
ip igmp join-group 224.10.10.10 << will use sparse mode
ip igmp join-group 239.0.0.1
<< will use dense mode
PIM Assert
Assert Election: Lowest AD > Lowest Metric to source > Highest IP Address
router ospf 1
distance 80
Rack1R1#show ip mroute 239.6.6.6
(*, 239.6.6.6), 00:02:05/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:05/00:00:00
Serial0/0.1, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:05/00:00:00
(155.1.108.10, 239.6.6.6), 00:00:22/00:02:46, flags: T
Incoming interface: Serial0/0.1, RPF nbr 155.1.0.5
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:00:24/00:00:00,
A << Assert Winner
PIM DR Election (responsible for multicast source registration with RP)

interface FastEthernet0/0
ip pim dr-priority 100
PIM Accept RP
! Must be configured at both DR and RP
ip access-list standard ALLOWED_GROUPS
permit 224.10.10.10
permit 224.110.110.110
!
ip pim accept-rp 150.1.5.5 ALLOWED_GROUP
PIM Accept Register (Only accepts specific source to register with the RP)
R5:
ip access-list extended VLAN146_SOURCES
deny ip host 155.1.146.6 any
permit ip 155.1.146.0 0.0.0.255 any
!
route-map ACCEPT_REGISTER deny 10
match ip address VLAN146_SOURCES
!
route-map ACCEPT_REGISTER permit 100
!
ip pim accept-register route-map ACCEPT_REGISTER
%PIM-4-INVALID_SRC_REG: Received Register from 155.1.0.1 for
(155.1.146.66, 224.10.10.10), not willing to be RP
Multicast Tunneling
! SW3 creates tunnel to R1 to receive multicast streams
interface Tunnel 0
ip unnumbered Loopback0
tunnel source Loopback0
tunnel destination 150.1.1.1
!
router ospf 1
passive-interface Tunnel0
!
ip mroute 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 tunnel 0
!
ip access-list standard SPARSE_GROUPS
permit 224.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
!
ip pim rp-address 150.1.5.5 SPARSE_GROUPS
PIM NBMA Mode

ip pim nbma-mode

(*, 224.110.110.110), 00:02:58/00:03:28, RP 150.1.5.5, flags: S
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Serial0/0, 155.1.0.3, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:00:01/00:03:28
(155.1.146.6, 224.110.110.110), 00:02:41/00:02:54, flags: T
Incoming interface: Serial0/1, RPF nbr 155.1.45.4
Serial0/0, 155.1.0.3, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:00:01/00:03:28
Auto-RP
interface Loopback0
!
ip pim send-rp-announce Loopback 0 scope 10
ip pim send-rp-discovery loopback 0 scope 10
224.0.1.40
<< cRP / willing to become an RP

<< MA; listen to 224.0.1.39 & send multicast to
! ip pim send-rp-announce <Interface> scope <TTL> [group-list <Std-ACL>] [interval <seconds>]

! ip pim send-rp-discovery <Interface> scope <TTL> interval <Seconds>
! no ip dm-fallback
NOTE: By default, Auto-RP announces override the statically configured RP. If you want them to
persist, use the override keyword along with the ip pim rpaddress command.
Auto-RP - Multiple Candidate RPs

ip access-list standard SW2_GROUPS
permit 224.0.0.0 7.255.255.255
permit 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255
deny 224.110.110.110
!
interface Loopback0
!
ip pim send-rp-announce Loopback 0 scope 10 group-list SW2_GROUPS
Auto-RP - Filtering Candidate RPs (cRP & Group filtering, applied at the Mapping Agent)
ip access-list standard RP_LIST
permit 150.1.10.10
!
ip access-list standard GROUP_LIST
deny 224.110.110.110
permit any
!
ip pim rp-announce-filter rp-list RP_LIST group-list GROUP_LIST
Auto-RP Listener (Auto-RP without risking any groups falling back to dense mode forwarding)
ip pim sparse-mode
!
ip pim autorp listener
<< Listens only for 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40
Auto-RP and RP/MA Placement

R1:
interface Loopback0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
ip pim send-rp-discovery loopback 0 scope
10
!
interface tunnel 1
ip pim sparse-mode
!
router ospf 1
R3:
interface tunnel 1
ip pim sparse-mode
!
! Static mroute is needed to allow R3
hearing
! Auto-RP discoveries from R1.
!
ip mroute 150.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Tunnel
1
!
router ospf 1
R5#no ip pim send-rp-discovery loopback 0 scope 10
Filtering Auto-RP Messages

R1:
ip pim send-rp-discovery Loopback0 scope 2
Multicast Boundary
ip access-list standard PERMITTED_GROUPS
deny 232.0.0.0 7.255.255.255
permit any
!
ip multicast boundary PERMITTED_GROUPS filter-autorp
NOTE: This feature applies filtering to both the control plane traffic (IGMP, PIM, AutoRP) and data
plane (installing multicast route states out of the configured interface).
! filter-autorp - the router will inspect any Auto-RP messages (announces or discovery) and filter
away
those not matching the access-list.
PIM Bootstrap Router

ip pim rp-candidate Loopback0
ip pim bsr-candidate Loopback0
<< RP Candidate
<< BSR Candidate
#show ip pim bsr-router

#show ip pim rp mapping
BSR - Multiple RP Candidates

R5:
no ip pim rp-candidate Loopback0
ip pim bsr-candidate Loopback0 31
SW2 & SW4

Filtering BSR Messages (BSR messages are not flooded or received on this link)
ip pim bsr-border
Stub Multicast Routing & IGMP Helper

NOTE: Stub multicast router allows R3 to be exempted from PIM and IGMP messages processing. The
upstream router (R5) builds multicast distribution tree on behalf of the downstream router (R3) by
the virtue of IGMP proxy function, no excessive load is being put on the stub router or the stub link,
effectively saving bandwidth and router resources.
SW1:
ip multicast-routing distributed
!
access-list 7 deny any
!
ip pim dense-mode
ip pim neighbor-filter 7
R3:
ip igmp helper-address
155.1.0.5
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Serial 1/0.1
ip pim dense-mode
IGMP Filtering
ip access-list standard IGMP_FILTER
permit 239.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
R5:
access-list 33 deny
155.1.0.3
access-list 33 permit any
!
ip pim sparse-mode
ip pim neighbor-filter 33
!
ip igmp access-group IGMP_FILTER
ip igmp limit 10
IGMP Timers
R1:
ip igmp query-interval 20
ip igmp query-max-response-time 4
<< Periodic queries sent

<< The router removes mroute state for this group no
response after this interval.
ip igmp last-member-query-count <N> << number of query needed to check if there are any
other hosts on the segment that still need this group,
when the router receives a leave report. Default is 2.
ip igmp last-member-query-interval <ms> - Interval that the queries are sent, default is 1000ms.
R3:
ip access-list standard IMMEDIATE_LEAVE
permit 239.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
!
ip igmp immediate-leave group-list IMMEDIATE_LEAVE
! If there is an IGMP leave message received on the interface for a group matching the access-list,
the mroute
! state is immediately removed, without any further delays.
R4:
ip igmp querier-timeout 60 << will attempt to become a designated querier if no response from
the querier
Rack1R4#show ip igmp interface fastEthernet 0/1
Multicast Helper Map (converts the broadcast destination address to the fixed multicast
address)
R1:
ip forward-protocol udp 5000
!
ip access-list extended TRAFFIC
permit udp any any eq 5000
<< enable forwarding of broadcast UDP
! Redirect broadcast packets to the selected multicast address. The access-list controls which
broadcast
! packets are eligible to be converted into the multicast
ip multicast helper-map broadcast 239.1.1.100 TRAFFIC
R3:
ip forward-protocol udp 5000
ip multicast multipath
!
paths
<< enable forwarding of broadcast UDP

<< allows R3 to perform RPF across the equal-cost
ip access-list extended TRAFFIC

! By default, the broadcasts are sent to the address 255.255.255.255
! Enable directed broadcasts in order to successfully send broadcasts out of this segment
ip directed-broadcast
ip broadcast-address 155.1.37.255
<< Changes the broadcast address for this interface
! Converts received multicast traffic into directed-broadcast subnet.
! Note that you should not configure the multicast-helper on the interface connected to the
destination.
ip multicast helper-map 239.1.1.100 155.1.37.255 TRAFFIC
R5:
ip mroute 155.1.146.0 255.255.255.0 155.1.0.1
<< Fixes RPF issue
Multicast Rate Limiting

R3:
ip access-list standard GROUP7
permit 239.1.1.7
!
permit 239.1.1.100
! Any source sending to the group IP 239.1.1.7 will be limited to 128Kbps.
ip multicast rate-limit out group-list GROUP7 128
ip multicast rate-limit out group-list GROUP100 256
ip multicast rate-limit out 1000
NOTE: When applied without any parameters, this command will simply drop all multicast traffic.
ip multicast rate-limit {in | out} [group-list <acl>] [source-list <acl>] [<limit>]
Rack1R3#show ip mroute
(*, 239.1.1.100), 01:17:18/stopped, RP 150.1.8.8, flags: SJCL
Incoming interface: FastEthernet0/0, RPF nbr 155.1.37.7
Serial1/0.1, Forward/Dense, 01:17:18/00:00:00
(155.1.146.6, 239.1.1.100), 00:00:04/00:02:57, flags: LJT
Incoming interface: Serial1/0.1, RPF nbr 155.1.0.5
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Dense, 00:00:04/00:00:00, limit 256 kbps
Bidirectional PIM
PIM BiDir uses single distribution tree rooted at the RP for all sources and receivers at the same time.
When a source
sends multicast packets, they first flow up to the root of the tree (the RP) and then down to all
receivers. PIM BiDir does
not use source registration procedure. Every source may start sending at any time, and the packets
will flow upwards
to the RP. Packets are either dropped, if there are no receivers for this group or forwarded down the
BiDir tree.
Designated Forwarder - the router on the link that has shortest metric to reach the RP is the DF for
this link
R1, R3, R4, SW2, SW4:
ip pim bidir-enable
<< Enables BiDir PIM
R5:
ip pim bidir-enable
permit 238.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
! May use AutoRP or BSR
ip pim rp-candidate Loopback 0 group-list GROUP238 bidir
<< Mroute output of the receiver
(*, 238.1.1.1), 00:08:15/00:02:59, RP 150.1.5.5, flags: BCL
Bidir-Upstream: Serial0/0.1, RPF nbr 155.1.0.5
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Sparse, 00:08:15/00:02:40
Serial0/0.1, Bidir-Upstream/Sparse, 00:08:15/00:00:00
<< Mroute output from the RP
(*, 238.1.1.1), 00:26:24/00:03:05, RP 150.1.5.5, flags: B
Bidir-Upstream: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Serial0/0, 155.1.0.1, Forward/Sparse, 00:12:58/00:00:00
FastEthernet0/0, Forward/Sparse, 00:26:24/00:02:53
Source Specific Multicast (IGMPv3)

R1, R3, R4, R5, SW2, SW4:
ip pim ssm default
R1:
ip igmp version 3
<< enabling IGMPv3 on the interfaces connected to the

receivers
R6:
ip igmp version 3
ip igmp join 232.6.6.6 source 150.1.10.10
ip pim ssm range {default|range <Standard-ACL>}
NOTE: There are no shared trees in PIM SSM and no RPs used. The range specifies the groups that
are using SSM
signaling. The default keyword means that range 232.0.0.0/8 will be used for SSM. For the groups in
the SSM range, no
shared trees are allowed and (*,G) Joins are dropped.
Rack1R1#show ip igmp groups 232.6.6.6 detail
Flags: L - Local, U - User, SG - Static Group, VG - Virtual Group,
SS - Static Source, VS - Virtual Source,
Ac - Group accounted towards access control limit
Interface: FastEthernet0/0
Group:
232.6.6.6
Flags:
SSM
Uptime:
00:26:06
Group mode: INCLUDE
Last reporter: 155.1.146.6
Group source list: (C - Cisco Src Report, U - URD, R - Remote, S Static,
V - Virtual, M - SSM Mapping, L - Local,
Ac - Channel accounted towards access control
limit)
Source Address Uptime v3 Exp CSR Exp Fwd Flags
150.1.10.10 00:26:06 00:02:54 stopped Yes R
DVMRP Interoperability
ip dvmrp interoperability
!access-list 40 permit 155.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
!
ip dvmrp metric 1 list 40 eigrp 100
Multicast BGP Extension

R6:
route-map PREPEND
set as-path prepend 100 100 100
!
router bgp 100
address-family ipv4 multicast
neighbor 155.1.146.4 activate
redistribute ospf 1
neighbor 155.1.146.4 route-map PREPEND out
neighbor 150.1.7.7 next-hop-self
!
ip pim sparse-mode
R3:
router bgp 100
redistribute ospf 1
neighbor 150.1.7.7 next-hop-self
!
ip pim sparse-mode
SW1:
router bgp 100
neighbor IBGP route-reflector-client
neighbor 150.1.3.3 peer-group IBGP
SW3:
router bgp 100
R4:
route-map PREPEND
set as-path prepend 200 200 200
!
router bgp 200
redistribute eigrp 100
neighbor 155.1.146.6 route-map PREPEND out
!
ip pim sparse-mode
ip pim bsr-border
R5:
router bgp 200
redistribute eigrp 100
neighbor IBGP route-reflector-client
neighbor IBGP next-hop-self
!
ip pim sparse-mode
ip pim bsr-border
SW2:
router bgp 200
SW4:
router bgp 200

MSDP
R5:
ip msdp peer 150.1.7.7 connect-source Loopback 0
ip msdp peer 150.1.7.7 remote-as 100
SW2:
ip msdp peer 150.1.7.7 remote-as 100
SW1:
ip msdp
ip msdp
ip msdp
ip msdp
peer
peer
peer
peer
150.1.5.5
150.1.5.5
150.1.8.8
150.1.8.8
remote-as 200
connect-source Loopback 0
remote-as 200
connect-source Loopback 0
ip msdp originator-id - command used to change the originator ID

Anycast RP (redundant RPs sharing the same IP address)
R5:
interface Loopback100
ip address 150.1.100.100 255.255.255.255
!
router eigrp 100
network 150.1.100.100 0.0.0.0
!
ip msdp originator-id Loopback 0
SW2:
interface Loopback100
ip address 150.1.100.100 255.255.255.255
!
router eigrp 100
network 150.1.100.100 0.0.0.0
!
ip msdp originator-id Loopback 0
NOTE: Anycast RP is purely intra-domain solution, and does not deal with interdomain multicast.
Every RP informs each other of the active sources registered with them.
Catalyst IGMP Snooping

ip igmp snooping vlan 146 immediate-leave
<< if only one host connected
! statically configure a port as connected to a multicast router

ip igmp snooping vlan <vlan-id> mrouter interface <interface-id>
NOTE: IGMP snooping is enabled by default in the Catalyst multilayer switches. Snooping is enabled
globally and on per-VLAN basis.
Rack1SW1#show ip igmp snooping vlan 146
Global IGMP Snooping configuration:
----------------------------------IGMP snooping
: Enabled
IGMPv3 snooping (minimal)

Report suppression
TCN solicit query
TCN flood query count
Last Member Query Interval
: Enabled
: Enabled
: Disabled
:2
: 1000
Vlan 146:
-------IGMP snooping
: Enabled
IGMPv2 immediate leave
: Enabled
Explicit host tracking
: Enabled
Multicast router learning mode
: pim-dvmrp
Last Member Query Interval : 1000
CGMP interoperability mode : IGMP_ONLY
Rack1SW1#show ip igmp snooping groups vlan 146
Vlan Group
Type Version
Port List
---------------------------------------------------------------146
239.1.1.100 igmp v2
Fa0/1, Fa0/19
Catalyst Multicast VLAN Registration

NOTE: MVR allows multicast traffic to cross VLAN boundaries based on client IGMP reports.
SW1:
no ip multicast-routing distributed
mvr
mvr group 239.1.1.100
mvr mode dynamic
! multicast traffic sent by R1 on VLAN146 is received by R5 on VLAN58
mvr type source
!
mvr type receiver
Catalyst IGMP Profiles (similar to ip igmp access group used in routers, only ingress)
SW4:
ip igmp profile 1
permit
range 232.0.0.0 232.255.255.255
range 239.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
!
ip igmp filter 1
R4:
Rack1SW4#show ip igmp snooping groups vlan 146
Vlan Group
Version
Port List
-----------------------------------------------------------146
224.0.1.40
v2
Fa0/13
146
239.4.4.4
v2
Fa0/4

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Multicast Solutions

PIM Dense Mode

PIM Sparse Mode

Multicast RPF Failure

PIM Sparse-Dense Mode

A << Assert Winner

PIM DR Election (responsible for multicast source registration with RP)

PIM NBMA Mode

Rack1R5#show ip mroute 224.110.110.110

<< cRP / willing to become an RP

! ip pim send-rp-announce <Interface> scope <TTL> [group-list <Std-ACL>] [interval <seconds>]

Auto-RP - Multiple Candidate RPs

<< Listens only for 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40

Auto-RP and RP/MA Placement

Filtering Auto-RP Messages

PIM Bootstrap Router

#show ip pim bsr-router

BSR - Multiple RP Candidates

SW2 & SW4

Stub Multicast Routing & IGMP Helper

<< Periodic queries sent

<< enable forwarding of broadcast UDP

<< enable forwarding of broadcast UDP

ip access-list extended TRAFFIC

<< Fixes RPF issue

Multicast Rate Limiting

<< Enables BiDir PIM

Source Specific Multicast (IGMPv3)

<< enabling IGMPv3 on the interfaces connected to the

Multicast BGP Extension

address-family ipv4 multicast

ip msdp originator-id - command used to change the originator ID

Catalyst IGMP Snooping

<< if only one host connected

! statically configure a port as connected to a multicast router

IGMPv3 snooping (minimal)

Catalyst Multicast VLAN Registration

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