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    Moisture in Coal

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    moorthy
    Moisture content in coal affects its reported heating value, so corrections must be applied to determine the true heating value. Coal sampled at mines may have 20% moisture, but after storage and transport only 8% moisture upon entering the boiler. To calculate the correct heating value at the boiler, a proportional correction factor of [100-8]/[100-20] is applied. Coal analysis in the lab involves air drying to remove surface moisture and determine properties on an air dried basis, but these values must also be corrected based on the actual total moisture to determine the as-fired basis values relevant for the power plant. Applying correction factors maintains consistent values regardless of the moisture content.

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    Moisture in Coal

    Uploaded by

    moorthy
    121 views2 pages
    Moisture content in coal affects its reported heating value, so corrections must be applied to determine the true heating value. Coal sampled at mines may have 20% moisture, but after storage and transport only 8% moisture upon entering the boiler. To calculate the correct heating value at the boiler, a proportional correction factor of [100-8]/[100-20] is applied. Coal analysis in the lab involves air drying to remove surface moisture and determine properties on an air dried basis, but these values must also be corrected based on the actual total moisture to determine the as-fired basis values relevant for the power plant. Applying correction factors maintains consistent values regardless of the moisture content.

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    Moisture content in coal affects its reported heating value, so corrections must be applied to determine the true heating value. Coal sampled at mines may have 20% moisture, but after storage and transport only 8% moisture upon entering the boiler. To calculate the correct heating value at the boiler, a proportional correction factor of [100-8]/[100-20] is applied. Coal analysis in the lab involves air drying to remove surface moisture and determine properties on an air dried basis, but these values must also be corrected based on the actual total moisture to determine the as-fired basis values relevant for the power plant. Applying correction factors maintains consistent values regardless of the moisture content.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    121 views2 pages

    Moisture in Coal

    Uploaded by

    moorthy
    Moisture content in coal affects its reported heating value, so corrections must be applied to determine the true heating value. Coal sampled at mines may have 20% moisture, but after storage and transport only 8% moisture upon entering the boiler. To calculate the correct heating value at the boiler, a proportional correction factor of [100-8]/[100-20] is applied. Coal analysis in the lab involves air drying to remove surface moisture and determine properties on an air dried basis, but these values must also be corrected based on the actual total moisture to determine the as-fired basis values relevant for the power plant. Applying correction factors maintains consistent values regardless of the moisture content.

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    COAL ANALYSIS Effects and Corrections due to Moisture.

    Moisture content in the coal affects the reported Heating Value of coal. Corrections have to be applied to get the real
    values. Read on to learn about these corrections.

    Fuel cost is the most important single component that determines the cost of electric power. Coal is the primary fuel
    used for power generation. All utility companies are concerned about how much has to be paid to the coal suppliers. Fuel cost is directly
    linked to the Heating Value or the energy content of the coal. Determining the correct heating value becomes an important commercial issue
    and directly affects the profitability of a power plant.

    The heating value of coal depends on the Combustible Matter, mainly Carbon and Hydrogen, in the coal and how
    it reacts during the combustion process. Apart from the Combustible Matter the other main ingredients are Ash
    and Moisture.

    In its journey from the mines to the power plant, Combustibles and the Ash in the Coal remain unchanged. What changes is
    the moisture content. A Coal sampled at the mines will have a moisture content higher than what enters the boiler.

    The moisture in Coal consists of two parts.

    One is the moisture held within the molecular structure of the coal called inherent moisture. Removal

    takes place only at temperatures greater than 100 deg C.


    The second part is the moisture that is on the surface of the coal. This is normally due to the conditions
    and locations of the mines. This moisture can evaporate in exposed atmospheric conditions. How much
    evaporates depends on

    The time of exposure,

    Atmospheric contact because of spreading,


    Ambient temperature and humidity.

    The Moisture in the Coal is both these put together and is the Total Moisture.

    A coal sampled at the mines having a moisture of 20%, after storage for a few weeks, when entering the boiler can have
    moisture of only 8%. If the Coal sampled at the mines has an HHV of 18800 kJ/kg the same coal at the boiler will have a
    higher HHV. This is because the percentage of combustibles in one kg is more. Based on a simple proportion calculation,
    multiplying by a factor [100-8]/ [100-20] the HHV will be 21620 kJ/kg.

    In real life, Coal analysis takes place in the laboratory. The coal is spread out and air-dried to remove most of the
    surface moisture. The Coal Analysis and Calorific Value is determined and reported as on Air Dried Basis (ADB).

    This ADB analysis is corrected to the actual conditions in the field to the extent of the difference in the moisture content.
    Since there is a lag between the sampling and the lab analysis, some moisture can evaporate. To avoid this error, coal is
    sampled in two parts.

    The first part kept in a sealed container and is used to determine only the Total Moisture (TMactual).
    The second part is used to find the ADB analysis. Moisture is also determined in the ADB analysis.

    (Madb)
    The ADB analysis is corrected to the field conditions by using the Moisture content in the first sample. The HHV, the
    proximate analysis and the Ultimate analysis are all corrected by using the same factor.
    The correction factor is based on simple proportion accounting for the moisture difference.
    HHVactual = HHVadb x [100 TMactual] / [100- Madb].
    This gives you the exact GCV at the point of sampling be it at the point of receiving (AS Received Basis) or when it enters
    the boiler (AS Fired Basis).
    The same is correction is applied for Proximate analysis values and Ultimate Analysis value also.
    VMactual = VMadb x [100 TMactual] / [100- Madb]
    Ashactual = Ashadb x [100 TMactual] / [100- Madb]

    Often when comparing different coals it is a practice to take zero percentage Moisture as the reference (Moisture
    Free basis). All analysis values and HHV is corrected to this zero moisture.

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