Chem Bonding Section A Ans

Nanyang Junior College
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
Chemical Bonding Tutorial

Section A: Review Questions
Questions in Section A are slight variations of what was covered in the lectures. Try not to refer to your lecture
notes while attempting these questions, but please ensure you know which section of the notes to refer to if you
get stuck. Also look out for problem solving skill set (PS3) boxes along the way, they will guide you to solve
trickier questions.
Spend no more than 1.5 min on each MCQ.
Which of the following statements explains why copper conducts electricity when a
potential difference is applied?
A
B
C
D
Copper(II) ions move to the cathode

The crystal lattice breaks down
Electrons combine with copper(II) ions
Bonding electrons in the crystal lattice move
Which bonding type does not correspond to its description of physical properties?
Bonding type
Giant covalent
B
C
Simple covalent
Metallic
Ionic
Physical properties
High melting point, conducts electricity when in solution but not
when solid
Low melting point, does not conduct electricity in any state
Variety of melting points, conducts electricity when solid and
when molten
High melting point, conducts electricity when molten but not
when solid
The C2H2 molecule is linear.

What can be deduced from this about the numbers of and bonds present in the
molecule?
A
B
C
D
2
2
3
3
PS3: What is the structure of

C2H2? Will C or H be the terminal
atom?
2
3
1
2
Page 1 of 18
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
Why is the molecule of BCl3 planar, whereas the molecule of PH3 is pyramidal?
A The boron atom has no d-orbitals available for bonding.
B The boron atom in BCl3 has 6 electrons in its valence shell, while the phosphorous
atom in PH3 has 8.
C The repulsion between chlorine atoms is greater than that between hydrogen atoms.
D The covalent radius of phosphorus is greater than that of boron.
MBTE is a constituent of petrol.
PS : Do not be fooled by the

diagram! Is MTBE 2D? Which
theory should you use to
determine the angles?
What are the values of angle P and angle Q in a molecule of MTBE?
A
B
C
D
Angle Q
105
180
105
180
AlCl3 reacts with LiAlH4 and (CH3)3N to give (CH3)3NAlH3.

Which statement about (CH3)3NAlH3 is correct?
A
B
C
D
Angle P
90
90
109
109
It contains hydrogen bonding

It is dimeric
The Al atom is electron deficient
The shape about the Al atom is tetrahedral
PS3: Why do these 2

substances react? What type
of bond is formed?
Why is the boiling point of methane greater than that of neon? [Ar: H, 1; C, 12; Ne, 20]
A
B
C
D
A molecule of methane has a greater mass than a molecule of neon.

A molecule of methane has more electrons than a molecule of neon.
Molecules of methane have stronger intermolecular forces than those of neon.
Molecules of methane form hydrogen bonds, but those of neon do not.
Page 2 of 18
JC1 2014
Which of the following solids consists of atoms or molecules held together only by van der
Waals forces?
A
B
C
D
H2/H1 Chemistry
CO2
Cu
H2O
MgO
Which of the following molecules will not form a hydrogen bond with another of its own
molecules?
A
B
C
D
PS3: What are the structures

of these molecules? What is
the criteria for H-bond
formation?
CH3CHO
CH3NH2
CH3OH
NH3
10 When heated, solid iodine readily forms iodine vapour.

What does this information suggest about the nature of the particles in these 2 physical
states of iodine?
A
B
C
D
Solid
ionic
ionic
molecular
molecular
Vapour
atomic
molecular
atomic
molecular
11 Which set of properties could apply to a non-ionic compound which has a giant lattice?
A
B
C
D
Physical state
temperature
liquid
liquid
solid
solid
at
room Electrical conductivity

molten state
Does not conduct
Does not conduct
Conducts well
Does not conduct
Page 3 of 18
in Melting point / C
-114
Melts over a range
808
1610
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

A
1, 2 and 3
are
correct
B
1 and 2
only are
correct
C
2 and 3
only are
correct
D
1 only
is
correct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
12 Which of the following are features of the structure in metallic copper?

1
2
3
Ionic bonds
Delocalised electrons
Lattice of ions
13 In microwave ovens, the wave energy produced is absorbed by certain polar molecules.
Which of the following would absorb microwave energy?
1
2
3
C2H5OH
NaCl
SiO2
14 The boiling points of pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are 36 C and 9 C respectively.

Which of the following suggested factors help to account for this difference in boiling
points?
Pentane
1
2
3
2,2-dimethylpropane
The molecule of 2,2-dimethylpropane is more compact than that of pentane.

The covalent bonds in pentane are stronger than those in 2,2-dimethylpropane.
There is more effective hydrogen bonding in pentane than in 2,2-dimethylpropane.
15 Many ceramic materials based on silicon(IV) oxide have recently been developed. Which
properties apply to these materials?
1
2
3
They are heated during manufacture and form solids.

They are heat-resistant solids.
They are good conductors of electricity due to delocalised electrons.
Page 4 of 18
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
16 a) Explain what is meant by sigma () and pi () bonds. Illustrate your answers with
suitable diagrams.
Refer to lecture notes Page 13 and 14.
b) How many sigma () and pi () bonds are present in the propene (C3H6) molecule?
3
PS : What is the structure of

propene? Recall from Organic
Chem in Sec Sch. Draw its
structure out first.
8, 1
17 For the following particles,

draw their dot-and-cross diagrams
count the total number of lone pairs and bond pairs
state their shapes according to VSEPR theory
draw their shapes
give the bond angles about the central atom
state whether they are polar or non polar (only applicable for molecules)
Bond pairs
/ Lone
pairs
Shape, Bond
Angle, Polarity
NF3
3 bp
1 lp
Trigonal
pyramidal 107
Polar
SiF4
4 bp
0 lp
tetrahedral
109
Non Polar
Particle
Dot-and-cross diagram / Structure
Page 5 of 18
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
Bond pairs
/ Lone
pairs
Shape, Bond
Angle, Polarity
CH2Cl2
4 bp
0 lp
tetrahedral
109
Polar
ICl3
3 bp
2lp
T shape
90
Polar
Particle
PS3: For the polyatomic ions,

how do you decide which atom
to give the extra electrons to or
take electrons away from?
ClO
NH2
2 bp
2 lp
H3O+
3 bp
1 lp
3 bp
0 lp
NO3
Page 6 of 18
Bent
105
Trigonal
pyramidal
107
Trigonal planar
120
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
Bond pairs
/ Lone
pairs
Shape, Bond
Angle, Polarity
AlH4
4 bp
0 lp
tetrahedral
109
BrCl2
2 bp
3 lp
Linear
180
I3
2 bp
3 lp
Linear
180
SO42
4 bp
0 lp
tetrahedral
109
Particle
18 a) Describe the bonding present in
PS3:
Structure?
Particles?
Bonding?
(i) solid krypton, 36Kr,

Solid krypton exists as a lattice of atoms with weak van der Waals forces between Kr
atoms.
(ii) solid rubidium, 37Rb.
Rubidium has a giant metallic lattice with strong metallic bonds between the cations
and the sea of delocalised electrons.
Page 7 of 18
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
b) Use your descriptions of their bonding to explain why the boiling point of krypton is
152C whereas that of rubidium is 686C, despite their having nearly the same
relative atomic mass, Ar.
3
More energy is required to overcome the stronger

metallic bonds in Rb than the weak van der Waals
forces in Kr. Hence Rb has a higher b.p. than Kr.
PS : Compare the strength of

the forces between particles.
Use your answers in a) to help.
What should we always link bp
to?
19 The table below gives the boiling points of four organic compounds:
A
B
C
D
formula
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
(CH3)4C
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
relative molecular mass

72
72
74
74
boiling point /oC

36
10
117
35
By comparing i) A with B, ii) A with C and iii) C with D, suggest explanations for the
differences in the boiling points within each of the three pairs.
i)
A with B
Both A and B have simple molecular structure with weak
van der Waals forces between molecules.
PS :
Structure,
bonding,
particles? Reasons for differences
in strength of forces? Dont
forget to always link mp/bp to
energy required!
A has a straight chain structure while B has a more

spherical shape due to its highly branched structure.
The vdW forces between A molecules are stronger than that of B due to the large
surface area of contact. More energy is required to overcome the stronger vdW forces,
higher bp.
ii) A with C
Both A and C have simple molecular structure. There are weak van der Waals forces
between A molecules, and H-bonds between C molecules.
More energy is required to overcome the stronger H-bonds than vdW forces, so C has
a higher bp.
iii) C with D
Both C and D have simple molecular structure. There are H-bonds between C
molecules and pd-pd interactions between D molecules.
More energy is required to overcome the stronger H-bonds than pd-pd interactions, so
C has a higher bp.
Page 8 of 18
H2/H1 Chemistry
JC1 2014
20 Explain the following observations in terms of the structure and bonding present.
a) 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is more soluble in water than 2-hydroxybenzoic acid.
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
3
In 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, COOH and OH

groups are close to each other.
They can form intramolecular H-bonds
This reduces the chance of forming H-bonds
with water molecules.
Hence it is less soluble in water
PS : There is a very similar example on

Page 37 of the lecture notes. However,
that example focuses on bp, not
solubility. How can we tweak our
explanation accordingly? What are the
factors affecting solubility in water?
b) In benzene solution, the measured relative molecular mass of methanoic acid is

approximately 92.0. Explain the observation and include a relevant diagram in your
answer.
3
In benzene solution, methanoic acid dimerises through

hydrogen bonds.
Page 9 of 18
PS : What is the expected Mr of

methanoic acid? What should
we be looking out for when
drawing the diagram?

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Nanyang Junior College

Chemical Bonding Tutorial

Copper(II) ions move to the cathode

The C2H2 molecule is linear.

PS3: What is the structure of

Nanyang Junior College

MBTE is a constituent of petrol.

PS : Do not be fooled by the

What are the values of angle P and angle Q in a molecule of MTBE?

AlCl3 reacts with LiAlH4 and (CH3)3N to give (CH3)3NAlH3.

It contains hydrogen bonding

PS3: Why do these 2

A molecule of methane has a greater mass than a molecule of neon.

Nanyang Junior College

PS3: What are the structures

10 When heated, solid iodine readily forms iodine vapour.

room Electrical conductivity

Nanyang Junior College

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

12 Which of the following are features of the structure in metallic copper?

14 The boiling points of pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are 36 C and 9 C respectively.

The molecule of 2,2-dimethylpropane is more compact than that of pentane.

They are heated during manufacture and form solids.

Nanyang Junior College

PS : What is the structure of

17 For the following particles,

Dot-and-cross diagram / Structure

Nanyang Junior College

Dot-and-cross diagram / Structure

PS3: For the polyatomic ions,

Nanyang Junior College

Dot-and-cross diagram / Structure

18 a) Describe the bonding present in

(i) solid krypton, 36Kr,

Nanyang Junior College

More energy is required to overcome the stronger

PS : Compare the strength of

relative molecular mass

boiling point /oC

A has a straight chain structure while B has a more

Nanyang Junior College

In 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, COOH and OH

PS : There is a very similar example on

b) In benzene solution, the measured relative molecular mass of methanoic acid is

In benzene solution, methanoic acid dimerises through

PS : What is the expected Mr of

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