Q and A: The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: 1. What Is CARP? What Is CARPER?

Dictatorship: The Filipino Style
(A reaction paper for the documentary film Martial Law)

A N e w S o c i e t y , t h a t ' s w h a t f o rm e r
P re s i d e n t M a rc o s v i s i o n s f o r t h e P h i l i p p i n e s i n h i s proclamation
of Martial Law last September 21, 1973. A country full of progress,
with the
populacee n j o y i n g e v e r y t h i n g t h a t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t b r i n g s , a b u
n d a n t l i f e , p e a c e f u l s o c i e t y , h a rm o n i o u s relationship between pe
ople and good governance. Maybe it's evident with eyes blinded, but
far fromsight if one try to look at the big picture.Ferdinand Edralin
Marcos, an unforgettable persona of Philippine history. He was
a brilliantlaw student topping the Bar Exam in his times, and successfully
argued before the Philippine SupremeCourt for a reversal of a murder
conviction against him, being himself a sharp shooter, held responsibl
Q and A:Program
The Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform
June 30, 2014
1. What is CARP? What is CARPER?

CARP stands for the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, a
government initiative that aims to grant landless farmers and farmworkers
ownership of agricultural lands. It was signed into law by President Corazon
C. Aquino on June 10, 1988, and was scheduled to have been completed in
1998. On the year of its deadline, Congress enacted a law (Republic Act No.
8532) appropriating additional funds for the program and extending the
automatic appropriation of ill-gotten wealth recovered by the Presidential
Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) for CARP until 2008.
CARPER, or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension
with Reforms, is the amendatory law that extends yet again the deadline of
distributing agricultural lands to farmers for five years. It also amends other
provisions stated in CARP. CARPER was signed into law on August 7, 2009.
2. Who are the beneficiaries of CARP?
Landless farmers, including agricultural lessees, tenants, as well as regular,
seasonal and other farmworkers. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
identifies and screens potential beneficiaries and validates their
qualifications. For example, to qualify, you must be at least 15 years old, be
a resident of the barangay where the land holding is located, and own no
more than 3 hectares of agricultural land.
3. What are the government offices involved in the program?
Many agencies are involved in the implementation of CARP. The lead

agencies are the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), and the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). They are in charge of the
identification and distribution of covered land, and is commonly refererred to
as CARPable land.
4. How much land is subject to land reform?
An estimated 7.8 million hectares of land is covered by CARP.
5. How much land has been acquired and distributed so far?
As of December 31, 2013, the government has acquired and distributed 6.9
million hectares of land, equivalent to 88% of the total land subject to CARP.
6. How much land was distributed to beneficiaries under this
administration?
From July 2010 to December 2013, the administration has distributed a total
of 751,514 hectares, or 45% of the total landholdings to be distributed to the
farmer beneficiaries left under this administration.
From this, DAR has distributed 412,782 hectares and DENR has already
distributed 338,732 hectares.
7. How much land does the government still need to acquire for
distribution from 2014 to 2016?
DAR still needs to acquire 771,795 hectares, while the DENR still needs to
acquire 134,857 hectaresa total of 906,652 hectares.
8. How will the government acquire the landholdings?
There are different modes of acquiring and distributing public and private
agricultural lands. For private lands under compulsory acquisition, the DAR
will issue Notices of Coverage to the original owners of the landholdings.
Notices of Coverage will be issued to most of the landholdings by June 30,
2014.
9. What is a notice of coverage?
A Notice of Coverage (NOC) is a letter informing a landowner that his/her
land is covered by CARP, and is subject to acquisition and distribution to
beneficiaries. It likewise informs the landowner of his/her rights under the
law, including the right to retain 5 hectares.
10. After the period of time allotted for CARPER by law is passed
(August 7, 2009 to June 30, 2014), how will the remaining
landholdings, which are subject to compulsory acquisition, be
distributed to the beneficiaries?
As long as Notices of Coverage are issued on or before June 30, 2014, land
distribution to beneficiaries shall continue until completion, according to
Section 30 of CARPER (R.A. No. 9700). Meaning, even after CARPERs
deadline, the law itself mandates the concerned agencies to finish
distributing lands to the beneficiaries up to the very last hectare. This
assures to the farmers that the process for receiving their land will continue
(e.g., beneficiary identification, survey, generation, and registration of land
titles to beneficiaries).
11. How does DAR intend to deal with the remaining landholdings
(771,795 hectares) to be distributed?
DAR projects that it will be distributing 187,686 hectares in 2014; 198,631
hectares in 2015; and 385,478 hectares in 2016.
Of the remaining CARPable landholdings to be distributed, 551,275 hectares
are considered workable, while 220,520 hectares are tagged as problematic.
Solutions for problematic landholdings will be worked out.
12. What were the challenges encountered in the course of
acquiring and distributing private lands?
There were numerous problems in implementing the land reform program:
In some cases, technical descriptions in the land titles (which determine the
boundaries of the land) were found to be erroneous and had to be corrected.
Some titles were destroyed, and therefore, had to be reissued by undergoing
a court process, similar to filing a case. Potential beneficiaries argued among
themselves on who should or should not be qualified as beneficiaries; these
disputes had to be mediated or resolved by the government. In other cases,
landowners may petition that their lands be exempted or excluded from
CARP coverage, and some of these petitions have gone up to the Supreme
Court.
Smaller parcels of land (5 hectares to 10 hectares) were only processed in
the last year of implementation of CARPER (July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014).
Past efforts focused on bigger parcels of land, which involved more
paperwork to process. Now that efforts are focused on smaller but more
numerous cuts of land, there are more claim folders to process and
distribute.

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Dictatorship: The Filipino Style

(A reaction paper for the documentary film Martial Law)

1. What is CARP? What is CARPER?

Many agencies are involved in the implementation of CARP. The lead

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