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    Lecture 29: Drag, Particles Settling: Module 9: Packed Beds

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    Debasmita Kumar
    This document discusses drag forces and particle settling in packed beds. It defines specific surface area and drag, including form drag and wall drag. Equations are provided for calculating the terminal velocity of a single particle based on its size and the fluid properties. The criteria for distinguishing between Stokes and Newton settling regimes is presented. Hindered settling is described, where the settling velocity of a particle increases due to the presence of neighboring particles in the fluid. The effect of particle concentration on suspension viscosity is also noted.

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    Lecture 29: Drag, Particles Settling: Module 9: Packed Beds

    Uploaded by

    Debasmita Kumar
    21 views6 pages
    This document discusses drag forces and particle settling in packed beds. It defines specific surface area and drag, including form drag and wall drag. Equations are provided for calculating the terminal velocity of a single particle based on its size and the fluid properties. The criteria for distinguishing between Stokes and Newton settling regimes is presented. Hindered settling is described, where the settling velocity of a particle increases due to the presence of neighboring particles in the fluid. The effect of particle concentration on suspension viscosity is also noted.

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    NPTEL

    Original Title

    Lecture 29

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    This document discusses drag forces and particle settling in packed beds. It defines specific surface area and drag, including form drag and wall drag. Equations are provided for calculating the terminal velocity of a single particle based on its size and the fluid properties. The criteria for distinguishing between Stokes and Newton settling regimes is presented. Hindered settling is described, where the settling velocity of a particle increases due to the presence of neighboring particles in the fluid. The effect of particle concentration on suspension viscosity is also noted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views6 pages

    Lecture 29: Drag, Particles Settling: Module 9: Packed Beds

    Uploaded by

    Debasmita Kumar
    This document discusses drag forces and particle settling in packed beds. It defines specific surface area and drag, including form drag and wall drag. Equations are provided for calculating the terminal velocity of a single particle based on its size and the fluid properties. The criteria for distinguishing between Stokes and Newton settling regimes is presented. Hindered settling is described, where the settling velocity of a particle increases due to the presence of neighboring particles in the fluid. The effect of particle concentration on suspension viscosity is also noted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Objectives_template

    Module 9: Packed beds


    Lecture 29: Drag, particles settling

    Flow through a packed bed of solids


    Drag
    Criteria of settling
    Hindred settling

    file:///D|/Web%20Course/Dr.%20Nishith%20Verma/local%20server/fluid_mechanics/lecture29/29_1.htm[5/9/2012 3:38:37 PM]

    Objectives_template

    Module 9: Packed beds


    Lecture 29: Drag, particles settling
    Flow through a packed bed of solids
    Packedbeds of catalystparticles are extensively used in chemical industries. Packed beds of
    solid particles are also used in absorption, adsorption, and distillation columns to increase
    interfacial area of contact between gas and liquid. In the next couple of lectures, we will
    address pressuredrop in packed beds of solids. Before that there are some definitions:

    a = Specific surface area of a particle

    where the subscript sph refers to the sphere having the same volume as that of the particle

    file:///D|/Web%20Course/Dr.%20Nishith%20Verma/local%20server/fluid_mechanics/lecture29/29_2.htm[5/9/2012 3:38:37 PM]

    Objectives_template

    Module 9: Packed beds


    Lecture 29: Drag, particles settling
    Table
    Particles
    Spheres

    Cubes, cylinder
    Berl saddle

    0.3

    Ranching rings

    a = specific area of the bed

    (Fig. 29a)

    file:///D|/Web%20Course/Dr.%20Nishith%20Verma/local%20server/fluid_mechanics/lecture29/29_3.htm[5/9/2012 3:38:37 PM]

    Objectives_template

    Module 9: Packed beds


    Lecture 29: Drag, particles settling
    Drag: We have already introduced this term in the previous lecture. There are two types of drag:
    form drag and wall or shear drag. The former is because of the fluidpressure on the solidsurface
    and acts perpendicular to the surface wall. Drag is because of shearforces and acts parallel to the
    surface.

    (Fig. 29b)
    A horizontal plate parallel to fluid flow will experience drag only because of wall shear.

    form drag

    wall drag
    (already defined in previous lectures)
    (Stokes Law for Rep < 1)

    file:///D|/Web%20Course/Dr.%20Nishith%20Verma/local%20server/fluid_mechanics/lecture29/29_4.htm[5/9/2012 3:38:38 PM]

    Objectives_template

    Module 9: Packed beds


    Lecture 29: Drag, particles settling
    in general depends upon Reynolds number, but is also dependent on the shape and
    orientation of the particle with respect to the flow.
    coefficient.

    Charts are available to determine drag

    (Fig. 29b)
    Terminal or settling velocity of a single particle in fluid may be calculated as

    If the fluid movesup with velocity

    , velocity of the particle with respect to a stationary

    observer,
    , so that the relative velocity or drag remains the same.
    depends on

    which cannot be directly calculated because the velocity (settling) is not

    known. Therefore, iteration is required to determine

    . In the previous lecture, we took-up

    such an example. However, there is a criterion to check if the settling is in the Stokes regime
    (creeping flow) or in Newtons region (high flow when inertial effects are important), which is
    calculated independent of velocity:

    file:///D|/Web%20Course/Dr.%20Nishith%20Verma/local%20server/fluid_mechanics/lecture29/29_5.htm[5/9/2012 3:38:38 PM]

    Objectives_template

    Module 9: Packed beds


    Lecture 29: Drag, particles settling
    Criteria for settling

    (Stokes regime)

    (As an exercise, substitute


    the criterion

    in the expression for terminal velocity with

    to obtain the above expression,

    , and use

    for the Stokes regime)

    Hindered settling

    If there are particles in the fluid, then the settling of a single particle will be influenced by the
    presence of the neighboring particles. In such case, the settling velocity is larger than that of a
    singleparticle.
    where

    is the volumefractions (not bedporosity) of finesuspension of

    particles in fluid,

    The viscosity of a suspension is also affected by the presence of the dispensed phase and should be
    accordingly used in the calculation of Reynolds number:

    = viscosity of suspension;

    = viscosity of pure fluid

    file:///D|/Web%20Course/Dr.%20Nishith%20Verma/local%20server/fluid_mechanics/lecture29/29_6.htm[5/9/2012 3:38:38 PM]

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