IID-1

Chapter IID
Miscellaneous Connections
This section contains design examples on connections in the AISC Steel Construction Manual.
that are not covered in other sections of AISC Design Examples.

IID-2

Example II.D-1

Prying Action in Tees and in Single Angles

Given:
Design a WT tension-hanger connection between a 2L33c tension member and a W2494
beam connection to support the following loads:
PD = 13.5 kips
PL = 40 kips
Use w-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts and 70 ksi electrodes.

Material Properties:
Hanger
Beam W2494
Angles 2L33c

ASTM A992
ASTM A992
ASTM A36

Fy = 50 ksi
Fy = 50 ksi
Fy = 36 ksi

Fu = 65 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Manual
Table 2-3

Geometric Properties:
Beam W2494
Angles 2L33c

d = 24.3 in. tw = 0.515 in.

A = 3.55 in.2 x = 0.860 in.

bf = 9.07 in.

tf = 0.875 in.

Solution:
LRFD

Pu = 1.2(13.5 kips) + 1.6(40 kips) = 80.2 kips

ASD

Pa = 13.5 kips + 40 kips = 53.5 kips

Manual
Tables 1-1,
1-7, and
1-15

IID-3

Eqn. D2-1

Check tension yielding of angles

Rn = Fy Ag = (36 ksi)(3.55 in.2 ) = 128 kips
LRFD

ASD

Rn / =

Rn = 0.90(128 kips)
= 115 kips > 80.2 kips

= 76.6 kips > 53.5 kips

Try 4-in. fillet welds

Try 4-in. fillet welds

Lmin =

128 kips
1.67

Pu
80.2 kips
=
1.392 D 1.392(4 sixteenths)

Lmin =

Pa
53.5 kips
=
0.928D 0.928(4 sixteenths)

= 14.4 in.

= 14.4 in.

Use four 4-in. welds (16 in. total), one at

each toe and heel of each angle.

Use four 4-in. welds (16 in. total), one at

each toe and heel of each angle.

Check tension rupture of angles

Calculate the effective net area
U = 1

Table D3.1
Case 2

x
0.860 in.
= 1
= 0.785
L
4 in.

Ae = AnU = (3.55 in.2 ) ( 0.785) = 2.80 in.2

Eqn. D2-2

LRFD

ASD

= 0.75

Rn = Fu Ae = (58 ksi)(2.80 in. ) = 163 kips

2

= 2.00
Rn = Fu Ae = (58 ksi)(2.80 in.2 ) = 163 kips

Select a preliminary WT using beam gage

163
.
2.00
= 81.5 kips > 53.5 kips o.k.
Select a preliminary WT using beam gage

g = 4 in.

g = 4 in.

With four w-in. diameter ASTM A325-N

bolts,

With four w-in. diameter ASTM A325-N

bolts,

t Rn = 0.75(163)
= 122 kips > 80 kips

Tu = rut =

Rn / t =

o.k.

Pu 80 kips
=
= 20 kips/bolt
4
n

B = rn = 29.8 kips > 20 kips

Ta = rat =

o.k.

Pa 53.5 kips
=
= 13.4 kips/bolt
4
n

B = rn / = 19.9 kips > 13.4 kips

o.k.

Manual
Table 7-2

IID-4

With four bolts, the maximum effective length is 2g = 8 in. Thus, there are 4 in. of tee length
tributary to each pair of bolts and
LRFD

2 bolts(20 kips/bolt)
= 10.0 kips/in.
4 in.

ASD

2 bolts(13.4 kips/bolt)
= 6.7 kips/in.
4 in.

The minimum depth WT that can be used is equal to the sum of the weld length plus the weld
size plus the k-dimension for the selected section. From Manual Table 1-8 with an assumed
b = 4 in./2 = 2 in., t0 1116 in., and d min = 4 in. + 1 4 in. + k 6 in., appropriate selections
include:
WT639.5
WT734

WT828.5
WT930

Manual
Table 1-8

Try WT828.5; bf = 7.12 in., tf = 0.715 in., tw = 0.430 in.

Check prying action
b=

a=

g tw (4 in. 0.430 in.)

=
= 1.79 in. > 1 1 4 -in. entering and tightening clearance, o.k.
2
2
bf g
2

(7.12 in. 4 in.)

= 1.56 in.
2

Since a = 1.56 in. < 1.25b = 2.24 in., use a = 1.56 in.
b' = b

d
3 in.
= 1.79 in. 4 = 1.42 in.
2
2

a' = a +

d
3 in.
= 1.56 in. + 4 = 1.94 in.
2
2

b ' 1.42 in.

=
= 0.732
a ' 1.94 in.
LRFD

1B

1 29.8 kips/bolt

1 =
1
0.732

20 kips

= 0.669

= 1

d'
13 in.
= 1 16 = 0.797
4 in.
p

ASD

1B

= 0.663

1 19.9 kips/bolt

1 =
1
0.732 13.4 kips

Manual
Part 9

IID-5

Since < 1.0,

LRFD

'=

ASD

1.0

'=

1 0.669

0.797 1 0.669

= 2.54 ' = 1.0

= 0.521 in. < t f = 0.715 in.

1 0.663

0.797 1 0.663

6.66Tb '
pFu (1 + ')

tmin =

4.44(20 kips/bolt)(1.42 in.)

(4 in.)(65 ksi)[1 + (0.797)(1.0)]

1.0

= 2.47 ' = 1.0

4.44Tb '
pFu (1 + ')

tmin =

o.k.

6.66(13.4 kips/bolt)(1.42 in.)

(4 in.)(65 ksi)[1 + (0.797)(1.0)]

= 0.521 in. < t f = 0.715 in.

o.k.

Check tension yielding of the tee stem on the Whitmore section

Manual
Part 9

The effective width of the tee stem (which cannot exceed the actual width of 8 in.) is
Lw = 3 in. + 2(4 in.)(tan 30D ) 8 in.

= 7.62 in.

and the nominal strength is determined as

LRFD

ASD

= 0.90

= 1.67

Rn = Fy Ageff = (50 ksi)(7.62 in.)(0.430 in.) = 164 kips

Rn = Fy Ageff = (50 ksi)(7.62 in.)(0.430 in.) = 164 kips

164
= 98.2 kips > 53.5 kips
1.67
Check shear rupture of the base metal along the toe and heel of each weld line
Rn = 0.90(164) = 147 kips > 80 kips

tmin =

o.k.

Rn / =

6.19D
Fu

4
= 6.19
65 ksi
= 0.381 in.< 0.430 in. o.k.

Check block shear rupture of the tee stem

Since the angles are welded to the WT-hanger the gross area shear yielding will control.
Agv = ( 2 welds)( 4 in.)( 0.430 in.) = 3.44 in.2

o.k.

Eqn. D2-1
Manual
Part 9

IID-6

Tension stress is uniform, therefore Ubs = 1.0.

Table D3.1

Ant = Ag = 1.0 ( 3 in.)( 0.430 in.) = 1.29 in.2

Rn = 0.6FuAnv+UbsFuAnt 0.6FyAgv+UbsFuAnt

Rn = 0.6 Fy Agv + U bs Fu Ant = 0.6 ( 50 ksi) 3.44 in.2 + 1.0 ( 65 ksi) 1.29 in.2 = 187 kips
LRFD

Eqn. J4-5

ASD

= 0.75

= 2.00

Rn = 0.75(187) = 140 kips > 80 kips

o.k.

Rn / =

187
= 93.5 kips > 53.5 kips
2.00

o.k.

Note: Alternately, a WT tension hanger could be selected with a flange thickness to reduce the
effect of prying action to an insignificant amount, i.e., qu 0. Assumsing b ' = 1.42 in.
LRFD

tmin =

ASD

4.44Tb '
pFu

tmin =

4.44(20 kips/bolt)(1.42 in.)

(4 in./bolt)(65 ksi)

6.66Tb '
pFu
6.66(13.4 kips/bolt)(1.42 in.)
(4 in./bolt)(65 ksi)

= 0.696 in.

= 0.698 in.

Try WT935.5

Try WT935.5

Manual
Table 1-8

tf = 0.810 in. > 0.696 in.

o.k.

tf = 0.810 in. > 0.698 in.

o.k.

tw = 0.495 in. > 0.430 in.

o.k.

tw = 0.495 in. > 0.430 in.

o.k.

bf = 7.64 in. > 7.12 in.

o.k.

bf = 7.64 in. > 7.12 in.

o.k.

IID-7

Example II.D-2

Beam Bearing Plate

Given:

A W1850 beam with a dead load end reaction of 15 kips and a live load end reaction of 45
kips is supported by a 10-in. thick concrete wall.
If the beam has Fy = 50 ksi, the concrete has f c = 3 ksi, and the bearing plate has Fy = 36 ksi,
determine:
a. if a bearing plate is required if the beam is supported by the full wall thickness,
b. the bearing plate required if N = 10 in. (the full wall thickness),
c. the bearing plate required if N = 6 in. and the bearing plate is centered on the thickness of
the wall.

Material Properties:

Beam W1850
Bearing Plate (if required)
Concrete Wall

ASTM A992
ASTM A36
fc = 3 ksi

Fy = 50 ksi
Fy = 36 ksi

Fu = 65 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Manual
Tables 2-3
and 2-4

Geometric Properties:

Beam W1850
Concrete Wall

d = 18.0 in. tw = 0.355 in.

k = 0.972 in. k1 = 13/16 in.
h = 10 in.

bf = 7.50 in.

tf = 0.570 in.

Manual
Table 1-1

IID-8

Solution A:
LRFD

ASD

Ru = 1.2(15 kips) + 1.6(45 kips) = 90 kips

Ra = 15 kips + 45 kips = 60 kips

Check local web yielding

Check local web yielding

Ru R1
R2

Nreq =

90 kips - 43.1 kips

0.972 in.
17.8 kips/in.

= 2.63 in. < 10 in.

Ra R1 /
R2 /

Nreq =

Check web crippling

60 kips - 28.8 kips

0.972 in.
11.8 kips/in.

= 2.64 in. < 10 in.

o.k.

N
10 in.
=
d
18.0 in.

= 0.556

= 0.556

Since

N
> 0.2,
d

Since

N
> 0.2,
d

Nreq =

Ru - R5
R6

Nreq =

Ra - R5 /
R6 /

90 kips - 52.0 kips

6.30 kips/in.

= 6.03 in. < 10 in.

Verify

=
o.k.

N
> 0.2,
d
N
= 0.335 > 0.2
d

o.k.

Check web crippling

N
10 in.
=
d
18.0 in.

Manual
Table 9-4

o.k.

60 kips - 34.7 kips

4.20 kips/in.

= 6.03 in. < 10 in.

Verify

Manual
Table 9-4

o.k.

N
> 0.2,
d
N
= 0.335 > 0.2
d

o.k.

Check the bearing strength of concrete

Check the bearing strength of concrete

c = 0.60

c = 2.50

cPp = c(0.85fc)A1

Pp/c = ( 0.85fc) A1/c

Eqn. J8-1

= 0.60 (0.85)(3 ksi)(7.50 in.10 in.)

= (0.85)(3 ksi)(7.50 in.10 in.)/2.50

= 115 kips > 90 kips

= 76.5 kips > 60 kips

o.k.

o.k.

IID-9

Check beam flange thickness

LRFD

ASD

Determine cantilever length

Determine cantilever length

bf

n=

-k =

7.50
- 0.972 in. = 2.78 in.,
2

Determine bearing pressure

Z=

Z=

4 Mu
=
Fy

2 Ru n 2
A1 Fy

treq =

tmin =

2.22(90 kips)(2.78 in.) 2

(7.50 in. 10 in.)(50 ksi)

A bearing plate is required.

4t

4 M a
=
Fy

2 Ra n 2
A1 Fy

= 1.67

2.22 Ru n 2
A1 Fy

= 0.643 in. > 0.570 in.

Ra n 2
2 A1

t2
M FyZ Fy
4

= 0.90

tmin =

Ra
A1

Ma =

t2
M FyZ Fy
4

treq =

7.50
- 0.972 in. = 2.78 in.,
2

Determine cantilever moment

Ru n 2
2 A1
4t

fp =

Determine cantilever moment

Mu =

-k =

Determine bearing pressure

Ru
A1

fp =

bf

n=

Manual
Part 14

n.g.

3.33Ra n 2
A1 Fy

3.33(60 kips)(2.78 in.) 2

(7.50 in. 10 in.)(50 ksi)

= 0.643 in. > 0.570 in.

A bearing plate is required.

n.g.

IID-10

Solution B:

N = 10 in.
From Solution A, local web yielding and web crippling are not critical.
LRFD

ASD

Calculate the required bearing-plate width.

Calculate the required bearing-plate width.

c = 0.60

c = 2.50

A1 req =

B req =

=
=

Ru
c (0.85 f c' )

A1 req =

90 kips
0.60(0.85 x 3 ksi)

58.8 in2

A1 req
N

=
B req =

58.8 in.2
10 in.

5.88 in.

Ra c
(0.85 f c' )
60 kips(2.50)
(0.85 x 3 ksi)

58.8 in2
A1 req
N
58.8 in.2
10 in.
5.88 in.

Use B = 8 in. (least whole-inch dimension

that exceeds bf)

Use B = 8 in. (least whole-inch dimension

that exceeds bf)

Calculate required bearing-plate thickness.

Calculate required bearing-plate thickness.

n=

B
-k
2
8 in.
- 0.972 in.
2

= 3.03 in.
tmin =

2.22 Ru n 2
A1 Fy
2.22(90 kips)(3.03 in.)2
(10 in. 8 in.)(36 ksi)

n=

B
-k
2
8 in.
- 0.972 in.
2

= 3.03 in.

tmin =

Eqn. J8-1

3.33 Ra n2
A1 Fy
3.33(60 kips)(3.03 in.)2
(10 in. 8 in.)(36 ksi)

= 0.799 in.

= 0.799 in.

Use PL1100-8

Use PL1100-8

Manual
Part 14

IID-11

Solution C:

N = 6 in.
From Solution A, local web yielding and web crippling are not critical.
Try B = 8 in.
A1 = B N = (8 in.)(6 in.) = 48 in.2
To determine the dimensions of the area A2, the load is spread into the concrete at a slope of 2:1 until an edge or
the maximum condition A2 / A1 2 is met. There is also a requirement that the area A2 be geometrically
similar to A1. The 6-in. dimension spreads 2 in. to each side to meet the concrete edge. Thus, the 8-in.
dimension can also be spread 2 in. to each side. Therefore,
N1 = 6 in. + 2(2 in.) = 10 in.
B1 = 8 in. + 2(2 in.) = 12 in.
A2 = B1 N1 = 12 in. (10 in.) = 120 in.2

A2 / A1 = 1.58

Check

o.k.

LRFD

ASD

c = 0.60

Ru
1
A1 req =

'
A2 c (0.85 f c )

c = 2.50
2

1 Ra c
A1 req =

A2 (0.85 f c' )

90 kips

1
2
120 in. 0.60(0.85 3 ksi)

28.8 in.2 < 48 in.2

B
-k
2
8 in.
=
- 0.972 in.
2

= 3.03 in.
tmin =

2.22 Ru n 2
A1 Fy
2.22(90 kips)(3.03 in.)2
( 6 in.)(8 in.) (36 ksi)

= 1.03 in.
Use PL1460-8

o.k.

Calculate the required bearing-plate

thickness.
n=

Eqn. J8-2

60 kips(2.50)
1
2
120 in. (0.85 3 ksi)

28.8 in.2 < 48 in.2

o.k.

Calculate the required bearing-plate

thickness.
B
-k
2
8 in.
=
- 0.972 in.
2

n=

= 3.03 in.

tmin =

3.33 Ra n2
A1 Fy

3.33(60 kips)(3.03 in.)2

( 6 in.)(8 in.) (36 ksi)

= 1.03 in.
Use PL1460-8

Manual
Part 14

IID-12

Example II.D-3

Slip-Critical Connection with Oversized Holes

(Designed for Slip as a Serviceability Limit State)

Given:

Determine the number of bolts required to connect, 2L334 tension member to a plate under
a beam as shown. The angles have standard holes and the plate has oversized holes per
Manual Table J3.3.
RD = 15 kips
RL = 45 kips
Use w-in. diameter ASTM A325-SC class A bolts.
Assume that the strength of the beam, angles, and plate have been checked.

Material Properties:
L334
Plate Material

ASTM A36
ASTM A36

Fy = 36 ksi
Fy = 36 ksi

Fu = 58 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi

Manual
Table 2-3
and 2-4

IID-13

Solution:
LRFD

ASD

Ru = (1.2)(15 kips) + (1.6)(45 kips) = 90 kips

Ra = 15 kips + 45 kips = 60 kips

Design of bolts

Design of bolts

Because of oversized holes the slip is a

serviceability limit state, Class A faying
surface, w in. diameter ASTM A325-SC
bolts in double shear

Because of oversized holes the slip is a

serviceability limit state, Class A faying
surface, w in. diameter ASTM A325-SC
bolts in double shear

rn = 18.8 kips/bolt
n=

rn/ = 12.6 kips/bolt

Rn
90 kips
=
rn
18.8 kips/bolt

n=

= 4.78 5 bolts

( Rn / )
( rn / )

Manual
Table 7-4

60 kips
12.6 kips/bolt

= 4.76 5 bolts

Try (5) w-in. dia. ASTM A325-SC bolts

Use (5) w-in. dia. ASTM A325-SC bolts

Check bolt shear strength

Check bolt shear strength

Manual
Table 7-1

rn = Fv Ab = 31.8 kips/bolt

rn / =

Fv Ab
= 21.2 kips/bolt

Rn = rn n

Rn / =

rn
n = (21.2 kips/bolt)(5 bolts)

= (31.8 kips/bolt)(5 bolts)

= 159 kips > 90 kips

o.k.

= 106 kips > 60 kips

Try, PL a in.

Try, PL a in.

Check bolt bearing strength on plate

Check bolt bearing strength on plate

rn = (1.2LctFu) M (2.4dtFu)
= 0.75

Oversized holes, bolt spacing = 3 in.

rn = (78.3 kips/in.)(a in.)

= 29.4 kips/bolt
Oversized holes, edge distance = 14 in.
rn = (40.8 kips/in.)(a in.)

= 15.3 kips/bolt
15.3 kips/bolt < 29.4 kips/bolt

rn / = (1.2LctFu)/ M (2.4dtFu)/

o.k.

Eqn J3-6a

= 2.00

Oversized holes, bolt spacing = 3 in.

rn / = (52.2 kips/in.)(a in.)

Manual
Table 7-5

= 19.6 kips/bolt
Oversized holes, edge distance = 14 in.
rn / = (27.2 kips/in.)(a in.)
= 10.2 kips/bolt
10.2 kips/bolt < 19.6 kips/bolt

Manual
Table 7-6

IID-14

Rn = rn n

Rn / = rn n /

= (15.3 kips/bolt)(5 bolts)

= 76.5 kips < 80 kips

= (10.2 kips/bolt)(5 bolts)

n.g.

= 51.0 kips < 80 kips

Try 6 bolts

Try 6 bolts

Rn = rn n

Rn / = rn n /

= (15.3 kips/bolt)(6 bolts)

= 91.8 kips > 80 kips
Use 6 bolts

n.g.

= (10.2 kips/bolt)(6 bolts)

o.k.

= 61.2 kips > 60 kips

Use 6 bolts

o.k.