Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
G.R. No. 106724 February 9, 1994
THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION, represented by its Acting Chairman, Cesar
Sarino, Teodolo C. Natividad, Vice-Chairman and Executive Officer, Brig. Gen. Virgilio H.
David, Edgar Dula Torre, Guillermo P. Enriquez, Commissioners, and Chief Supt. Levy D.
Macasiano Director for Personnel, petitioners,
vs.
Honorable Judge Salvador de Guzman, Jr., Chief Supt. Norberto M. Lina, Chief Supt.
Ricardo Trinidad, Jr., Sr. Supt. Manuel Suarez, Supt. Justito B. Tagum, Sr. Supt.
Tranquilino Aspiras, Sr., Supt. Ramon I. Navarro,
Sr. Supt. Ramon I. Navarro, Sr. Supt. Jose P. Suria, Sr. Supt. Agaton Abiera, Chief Insp.
Bienvenido Torres, and the National (ROTC) Alumni Association Inc. (NARRA),
represented by its President Col. Benjamin Gundran, and Director Hermogenes Peralta,
Jr., respondents.
The Solicitor General for petitioners.
Renecio R. Espiritu for private respondents.
Diosdado P. Peralta for respondent-intervenor.

BIDIN, J.:
The case at bar had its origin in the implementation of the compulsory retirement of PNP
officers as mandated in Sec. 39, RA 6975, otherwise known as "An Act Establishing the
Philippine National Police Under a Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local
Government", which took effect on
January 2, 1991. Among others, RA 6975 provides for a uniform retirement system for PNP
members. Section 39 thereof reads:
Sec. 39. Compulsory Retirement. Compulsory retirement, for officer and nonofficer, shall be upon the attainment of age fifty-six (56); Provided, That, in case
of any officer with the rank of chief superintendent, director or deputy director
general, the Commission may allow his retention in the service for an
unextendible period of one (1) year.
Based on the above provision, petitioners sent notices of retirement to private respondents who
are all members of the defunct Philippine Constabulary and have reached the age of fifty-six
(56).
In response, private respondents filed a complaint on December 19, 1991 for declaratory relief
with prayer for the issuance of an ex parte restraining order and/or injunction (docketed as Civil

Case No. 91-3498) before the Regional Trial Court of Makati, Branch 142. In their complaint,
respondents aver that the age of retirement set at fifty-six (56) by Section 39 of RA 6975 cannot
be applied to them since they are also covered by Sec. 89 thereof which provides:
Any provision hereof to the contrary notwithstanding, and within the transition
period of four (4) years following the effectivity of this Act, the following members
of the INP shall be considered compulsorily retired:
a) Those who shall attain the age of sixty (60) on the first year of the effectivity of
this Act.
b) Those who shall attain the age of fifty-nine (59) on the second year of the
effectivity of this Act.
c) Those who shall attain the age of fifty-eight (58) on the third year of the
effectivity of this Act.
d) Those who shall attain the age of fifty-seven (57) on the fourth year of the
effectivity of this Act.
It is the submission of respondents that the term "INP" includes both the former members of the
Philippine Constabulary and the local police force who were earlier constituted as the Integrated
National Police (INP) by virtue of
PD 765 in 1975.
On the other hand, it is the belief of petitioners that the 4-year transition period provided in
Section 89 applies only to the local police forces who previously retire, compulsorily, at age sixty
(60) for those in the ranks of Police/Fire Lieutenant or higher (Sec. 33, PD 1184); while the
retirement age for the PC had already been set at fifty-six (56) under the AFP law.
On December 23, 1991, respondent judge issued a restraining order followed by a writ of
injunction on January 8, 1992 upon posting of a P100,000.00 bond by private respondents.
After the parties have submitted their respective pleadings, the case was submitted for
resolution and on August 14, 1992, the respondent judge rendered the assailed decision, the
decretal portion of which reads:
WHEREFORE, the court hereby declares that the term "INP" in Section 89 of the
PNP Law includes all members of the present Philippine National Police,
irrespective of the original status of the present members of the Philippine
National Police before its creation and establishment, and that Section 39 thereof
shall become operative after the lapse of the
four-year transition period.
The preliminary injunction issued is made permanent.
SO ORDERED. (Rollo, pp. 29-30)

Petitioners filed the instant petition on October 8, 1992 seeking the reversal of the above
judgment. On January 12, 1993, the Court resolved to treat the respondents' Comment as
Answer and gave due course to the petition.
In ruling in favor of private respondents, respondent judge observed, among others, that:
It may have been the intention of Congress to refer to the local police forces as
the "INP" but the PNP Law failed to define who or what constituted the INP. The
natural recourse of the court is to trace the source of the "INP" as courts are
permitted to look to prior laws on the same subject and to investigate the
antecedents involved. There is nothing extant in the statute books except that
which was created and established under
PD 765 pursuant to the mandate of Article XV of the 1973 Constitution providing
that the "State shall establish and maintain an integrated national police force
whose organization, administration and operation shall be provided by law."
Heretofore, INP was unknown. And the said law categorically declared the PC
"as the principal component of the Integrated National Police" (Sec. 5, PD 765).
The court was supplied by respondents (petitioners herein) with excerpts taken
from the discussion amongst the members of Congress concerning the particular
provision of Section 89. The court is not persuaded by said discussion; it was a
simple matter for the members of the legislature to state precisely in clear and
unequivocal terms their meaning, such as "integrated police" as used in PD 765.
Instead, they employed "INP", a generic term that includes the PC as the
principal component of the INP, supra. In failing to categorically restrict the
application of Section 89 as the members of legislature are said to have
intended, it gave rise to the presumption that it has not limited nor intended to
limit the meaning of the word when the bill was finally passed into law. It is not
difficult for the court to also presume that in drafting the wording of the PNP Law,
the legislators were aware of the historical legislative origin of the "INP".
xxx xxx xxx
The court takes particular note of the fact that Section 89 is found in the
Transitory Provisions of the law which do not provide for any distinction between
the former PC officers and those belonging to the civilian police forces. These
provision are specifically enacted to regulate the period covering the dissolution
of the PC and the creation of the PNP, a period that necessarily would be
attended by imbalances and or confusion occasioned by the wholesale and mass
integration. In fact, the retirement payment scheme of the INP is still to be
formulated, leaving the impression that nothing is really settled until after the
transition of four years has lapsed. Section 89 therefore prevails over Section 39
up to the year 1995 when the retirement age for the members of the PNP shall
then be age 56; after the year 1995, Section 39 shall then be the applicable law
on retirement of PNP members. (Rollo, pp. 27-28; emphasis supplied)
Petitioners disagree and claim that the use of the term INP in Sec. 89 does not imply the same
meaning contemplated under PD 765 wherein it is provided:
Sec. 1. Constitution of the Integrated National Police. There is hereby
established and constituted the Integrated National Police (INP) which shall be

composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the nucleus, and the integrated

police forces as established by Presidential Decrees
Nos. 421, 482, 531, 585 and 641, as components, under the Department of
National Defense.
On the other hand, private respondents assert that being the nucleus of the Integrated National
Police (INP) under PD 765, former members of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) should not be
discriminated against from the coverage of the term "INP" in Sec. 89, RA 6975. Clearly, it is
argued, the term "INP" found in Section 89 of RA 6975 refers to the INP in PD 765. Thus, where
the law does not distinguish, the courts should not distinguish.
Does the law, RA 6975, distinguish INP from the PC? Petitioners submit that it does and cite
Sections 23 and 85 to stress the point, viz.:
Sec. 23. Composition. Subject to the limitations provided for in this Act, the
Philippine National Police, hereinafter referred to as the PNP, is hereby
established, initially consisting of the members of the police forces who were
integrated into the Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to Presidential
Decree No. 765, and the officers and enlisted personnel of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC). . .
xxx xxx xxx
The permanent civilian employees of the present PC, INP, Narcotics Command,
CIS and the technical command of the AFP assigned with the PC, including
NAPOLCOM hearing officers holding regular items as such, shall be absorbed by
the Department as employees thereof, subject to existing laws and regulations.
xxx xxx xxx
Sec. 85. Phase of Implementation. The implementation of this Act shall be
undertaken in three (3) phases, to wit:
Phase I Exercise of option by the uniformed members of the Philippine
Constabulary, the PC elements assigned with the Narcotics Command, CIS, and
the personnel of the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC to
include the regular CIS investigating agents and the operatives and agents of the
NAPOLCOM Inspection, Investigation and Intelligence Branch, and the
personnel of the absorbed National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH)
of the Department of National Defense, to be completed within six (6) months
from the date of the effectivity of this Act. At the end of this phase, all personnel
from the INP, PC, technical Services, NACAH, and NAPOLCOM Inspection,
Investigation and Intelligence Branch shall have been covered by official orders
assigning them to the PNP . . .
xxx xxx xxx
. . . Any PC-INP officer or enlisted personnel may, within the twelve-month period
from the effectivity of this Act, retire . . .

Phase III . . . To accomplish the tasks of Phase III, the Commission shall
create a Board of Officers composed of the following: NAPOLCOM
Commissioner as Chairman and one (1) representative each from the PC, INP,
Civil Service Commission and the Department of Budget and Management.
Section 86 of the same law further provides:
Sec. 86. Assumption by the PNP of Police Functions. The PNP shall absorb
the functions of the PC, the INP and the Narcotics Command upon the effectivity
of this Act.
From a careful perusal of the above provisions, it appears therefore that the use of the term INP
is not synonymous with the PC. Had it been otherwise, the statute could have just made a
uniform reference to the members of the whole Philippine National Police (PNP) for retirement
purposes and not just the INP. The law itself distinguishes INP from the PC and it cannot be
construed that "INP" as used in Sec. 89 includes the members of the PC.
And contrary to the pronouncement of respondent judge that the law failed to define who
constitutes the INP, Sec. 90 of RA 6975 has in fact defined the same. Thus,
Sec. 90. Status of Present NAPOLCOM, PC-INP. Upon the effectivity of this
Act, the present National Police Commission and the Philippine ConstabularyIntegrated National Police shall cease to exist. The Philippine Constabulary,
which is the nucleus of the Philippine Constabulary-Integrated National Police
shall cease to be a major service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The
Integrated National Police, which is the civilian component of the Philippine
Constabulary-Integrated National Police, shall cease to be the national police
force and lieu thereof, a new police force shall be established and constituted
pursuant to this Act. (emphasis supplied)
It is not altogether correct to state, therefore, that the legislature failed to define who the
members of the INP are. In this regard, it is of no moment that the legislature failed to
categorically restrict the application of the transition period in Sec. 89 specifically in favor of the
local police forces for it would be a mere superfluity as the PC component of the INP was
already retirable at age fifty-six (56).
Having defined the meaning of INP, the trial court need not have belabored on the supposed
dubious meaning of the term. Nonetheless, if confronted with such a situation, courts are not
without recourse in determining the construction of the statute with doubtful meaning for they
may avail themselves of the actual proceedings of the legislative body. In case of doubt as to
what a provision of a statute means, the meaning put to the provision during the legislative
deliberations may be adopted (De Villa v. Court of Appeals,
195 SCRA 722 [1991] citing Palanca v. City of Manila, 41 Phil. 125 [1920]; Arenas v. City of San
Carlos, 82 SCRA 318 [1978]).
Courts should not give a literal interpretation to the letter of the law if it runs counter to the
legislative intent (Yellow Taxi and Pasay Transportation Workers' Association v. Manila Yellow
Taxi Cab. Co., 80 Phil. 83 [1948]).

Examining the records of the Bicameral Conference Committee, we find that the legislature did
intent to exclude the members of the PC from the coverage of Sec. 89 insofar as the retirement
age is concerned, thus:
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). Well, it seems what people really want is
one common rule, so if it is fifty-six, fifty-six; of course, the PC wants sixty for
everybody. Of course, it is not acceptable to us in the sense that we tied this up
really to the question of: If you are lax in allowing their (the PC) entry into the
PNP, then tighten up the retirement. If we will be strict in, like requiring
examinations and other conditions for their original entry, then since we have
sifted out a certain amount of undesirables, then we can allow a longer
retirement age. That was the rationale, that was the tie-up. Since we are relaxing
the entry, we should speed up . . .
THE CHAIRMAN. (REP. GUTANG). Exit.
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA) . . . the retirement, the exit.
THE CHAIRMAN. (REP. GUTANG). So let me get it very clear, Mr. Chairman.
Fifty-six, let's say, that will not make any adjustment in the PC because there
(they) are (retirable at age) fifty-six.
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). Kaya nga, wala na silang masasabi.
THE CHAIRMAN. (REP. GUTANG). In the case of the Police, since they are
retireable now at sixty, for the officers, it will be
applicable to them on a one-year every year basis for a total period of four years
transition. (Bicameral Conference Committee on National Defense, March 12,
1990)
REP. GUTANG. On the first year of effectivity, the police will retire at 60 years.
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). Sixty.
REP. GUTANG. On the second year, 59.
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). Oo.
REP. GUTANG. On the third year, 58.
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). Fifty-eight. So 'yung 55, on the third year,
58, doon siya re-retire.
REP. GUTANG. Oo.
SEN. SAGUISAG. So kung 55, when the law becomes effective . . .
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). He will retire at 58, doon siya aabot.
REP. UNICO. Pwede.

SEN. SAGUISAG. Dahil 'yon, may time to . . .

THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). Walang problema dito sa transition ng pulis,
acceptable ito, eh.
THE CHAIRMAN. (REP. COJUANGCO). Sa PC?
THE CHAIRMAN. (SEN. MACEDA). PC, walang mawawala sa kanila, 56 ang
retirement age nilang talaga, eh. Kaya ayaw ko
ngang dagdagan 'yung 56 nila at 'yon din ang sa Armed Forces, 56. (Ibid., May
22, 1990)
In applying the provisions of Sec. 89 in favor of the local police force as established in PD 765,
the Court does not, in any manner, give any
undue preferential treatment in favor of the other group. On the contrary, the Court is merely
giving life to the real intent of the legislators based on the deliberations of the Bicameral
Conference Committee that preceded the enactment of RA 6975.
The legislative intent to classify the INP in such manner that Section 89 of RA 6975 is applicable
only to the local police force is clear. The question now is whether the classification is valid. The
test for this is reasonableness such that it must conform to the following requirements: (1) It
must be based upon substantial distinctions; (2) It must be germane to the purpose of the law;
(3) It must not be limited to existing conditions only; (4) It must apply equally to all members of
the same class (People vs. Cayat, 68 Phil. 12 [1939]).
The classification is based upon substantial distinctions. The PC, before the effectivity of the law
(RA 6975), were already retirable at age 56 while the local police force were retirable at 60, and
governed by different laws
(P.D. 1184, Sec. 33 and Sec. 50). The distinction is relevant for the purpose of the statute, which
is to enable the local police force to plan for their retirement which would be earlier than usual
because of the new law. Section 89 is merely transitory, remedial in nature, and loses its force
and effect once the four-year transitory period has elapsed. Finally, it applies not only to some
but to all local police officers.
It may be appropriate to state at this point that it seems absurd that a law will grant an extension
to PC officers' retirable age from 56 to 60 and then gradually lower it back to 56 without any
cogent reason at all. Why should the retirement age of PC officers be increased during the
transitory period to the exclusion of other PC officers who would retire at age 56 after such
period? Such absurdity was never contemplated by the law and would defeat its purpose of
providing a uniform retirement age for PNP members.
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The writ of injunction issued on January 8, 1992 is
hereby LIFTED and the assailed decision of respondent judge is REVERSED and SET ASIDE.
SO ORDERED