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    The Ideal Gas Law

    Uploaded by

    Govind Rao
    The ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's laws into a single equation relating the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), and temperature (T): PV=nRT. The gas constant (R) is derived from the experimentally determined molar volume of 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 0°C and 1 atmosphere. While real gases deviate from ideal behavior, the ideal gas law provides accurate calculations over normal temperature and pressure ranges. Examples demonstrate using the law to calculate volume given pressure, amount, and temperature, and calculating pressure given volume, amount, and temperature.

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    The Ideal Gas Law

    Uploaded by

    Govind Rao
    206 views3 pages
    The ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's laws into a single equation relating the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), and temperature (T): PV=nRT. The gas constant (R) is derived from the experimentally determined molar volume of 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 0°C and 1 atmosphere. While real gases deviate from ideal behavior, the ideal gas law provides accurate calculations over normal temperature and pressure ranges. Examples demonstrate using the law to calculate volume given pressure, amount, and temperature, and calculating pressure given volume, amount, and temperature.

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    The ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's laws into a single equation relating the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), and temperature (T): PV=nRT. The gas constant (R) is derived from the experimentally determined molar volume of 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 0°C and 1 atmosphere. While real gases deviate from ideal behavior, the ideal gas law provides accurate calculations over normal temperature and pressure ranges. Examples demonstrate using the law to calculate volume given pressure, amount, and temperature, and calculating pressure given volume, amount, and temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    206 views3 pages

    The Ideal Gas Law

    Uploaded by

    Govind Rao
    The ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's laws into a single equation relating the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), and temperature (T): PV=nRT. The gas constant (R) is derived from the experimentally determined molar volume of 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 0°C and 1 atmosphere. While real gases deviate from ideal behavior, the ideal gas law provides accurate calculations over normal temperature and pressure ranges. Examples demonstrate using the law to calculate volume given pressure, amount, and temperature, and calculating pressure given volume, amount, and temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that the ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's and Avogadro's laws into a single equation relating pressure, volume, amount of gas and temperature. It also introduces the gas constant R.

    The ideal gas law relates the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), and temperature (T) according to the equation PV=nRT. It describes the behavior of an ideal gas.

    The gas constant R is derived by relating the molar volume (22.4 L) at standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 0°C and 1 atm. Its value is 0.082 L·atm/mol·K.

    The Ideal Gas Law

    The ideal gas combines all the three laws discussed earlier into one single law due to the
    following reason. If you examine all the three laws, the following relationship is evident.
    Boyles law:
    Charless law:
    Avogadros law:

    1
    P
    V T
    V n

    (at constant temperature)


    (at constant pressure)
    (at constant pressure and volume)

    That means that volume is inversely proportional to pressure, directly proportional to


    temperature, and directly proportional to number of moles. Due to this, these three expressions
    can be combined into one expression as
    V

    nT
    P

    The proportionality sign can be replaced with an equal sign by incorporating a constant R,
    known as the gas constant. Thus,

    V=

    RnT
    P

    Rearranging this yields a simple equation like


    PV = nRT

    This is known as the ideal gas law.


    There are two kinds of gases; (a) ideal gas, and (b) real gas. The ideal gas is the gas where there
    are no attractions or repulsions between gaseous molecules and the volume of the gas molecules
    is negligible compared to the volume of the container. The real gas is the gas the way it exists
    in nature. In reality, there is no such thing as an ideal gas. But the difference between the
    behaviors of ideal gas and real gas is not that significant over reasonable temperature and
    pressure ranges, and hence the ideal gas equation can be used for calculations. Thus, the ideal
    gas is a hypothetical gas whose pressure-volume-temperature relations are completely described
    by the ideal gas law.
    In order to understand how the value of R is derived, it is necessary to understand (a) standard
    temperature and pressure (STP), and (b) molar volume.
    The condition of 00C (or 273 K) and 1 atm are called standard temperature and pressure and
    abbreviated as STP.

    It has been proved experimentally that one mole of any gas occupies the same volume as any
    other gas at STP condition. The volume at this condition is known as a molar volume, which
    has the value of 22.4 L. Therefore, 22.4 L is the volume of one mole of any gas at STP
    condition:
    Molar volume = volume of one mole of gas at STP = 22.4 L

    The value of the gas constant R is the same for all the gases since they occupy the same volume
    at STP, which is,
    R = 0.082

    L x atm
    mol x K

    The ideal gas contains four variables, P, V, n, and T. Therefore, any one of them can be
    calculated by knowing the other three. But, there is one stringent requirement that must be
    satisfied before the above value of R can be used in calculations.
    Requirement

    The pressure must in atm, the volume must be in L, and the temperature must be in
    Kelvin.

    Calculation of Volume using the Ideal gas law

    Example

    Determine the volume in ml occupied by 0.567 moles of oxygen gas at a pressure of 77.5 cm Hg
    and a temperature of 30.50C?
    Answer

    Given :

    n = 0.567 mol
    pressure = 77.5 cm Hg
    temperature = 30.50C

    The pressure and the temperature have to be converted into atm and K respectively:
    atm = 77.5 cm Hg / 76.0 cm Hg/atm = 1.02 atm
    K = 30.5 + 273.15 = 303.65 K
    Now substitute these values and evaluate for volume.

    V=

    nRT
    =
    P

    L x atm
    )(303.65 K)
    mol x K
    = 13.84 L
    1.02 atm

    (0.567 mol)(0.082

    ml of volume = 13.84 L x (1000 ml /L) = 1.384 x 104 ml

    Calculation of Pressure using the Ideal gas law

    Example

    A bicycle tire of 5.45 L volume is filled with 0.255 moles of gas at a temperature of 310 K.
    What is the pressure of the tire in atm and psi?
    Answer

    P=

    nRT
    =
    V

    L x atm
    )(310 K)
    mol x K
    = 1.05atm
    5.45 L

    (0.225 mol)(0.082

    Pressure in psi = 1.05 atm x (14.7 psi/atm) = 15.43 psi

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