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    Ashish Tagade
    This document describes two types of differentiator circuits: ideal and practical. An ideal differentiator circuit is obtained by exchanging the resistor and capacitor in an integrator circuit. The output is directly proportional to the differentiation of the input voltage. However, ideal differentiators have limitations at high frequencies due to instability and noise. A practical differentiator addresses these issues using a resistor in series with the input capacitor and a capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor. The gain equation and design process for a practical differentiator are also provided.

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    Entc

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    Ashish Tagade
    297 views7 pages
    This document describes two types of differentiator circuits: ideal and practical. An ideal differentiator circuit is obtained by exchanging the resistor and capacitor in an integrator circuit. The output is directly proportional to the differentiation of the input voltage. However, ideal differentiators have limitations at high frequencies due to instability and noise. A practical differentiator addresses these issues using a resistor in series with the input capacitor and a capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor. The gain equation and design process for a practical differentiator are also provided.

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    This document describes two types of differentiator circuits: ideal and practical. An ideal differentiator circuit is obtained by exchanging the resistor and capacitor in an integrator circuit. The output is directly proportional to the differentiation of the input voltage. However, ideal differentiators have limitations at high frequencies due to instability and noise. A practical differentiator addresses these issues using a resistor in series with the input capacitor and a capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor. The gain equation and design process for a practical differentiator are also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    297 views7 pages

    Entc

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Tagade
    This document describes two types of differentiator circuits: ideal and practical. An ideal differentiator circuit is obtained by exchanging the resistor and capacitor in an integrator circuit. The output is directly proportional to the differentiation of the input voltage. However, ideal differentiators have limitations at high frequencies due to instability and noise. A practical differentiator addresses these issues using a resistor in series with the input capacitor and a capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor. The gain equation and design process for a practical differentiator are also provided.

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    DIFFERTIATOR

    A circuit which produced the differentiation of


    input at its output is called as differentiator
    There are two types of differentiator
    Ideal differentiator
    Practical differentiator
    Ideal differentiator
    The active differentiator circuit can be obtained by
    exchanging the position of resistor R and capacitor C in the
    basic active integrator circuit.
    The op-amp differentiator circuit as shown in fig
    .

    Fig.
    Ideal Active Op-amp
    differentiator

    VA=VB=0
    Apply KCL
    I1=CI

    d
    dt

    (VIN-VA)

    ... eq. 1.
    V AVo
    Rf

    I f=

    ..

    eq. 2.
    Equating 1 & 2eq.
    C

    d
    1 dt

    (Vin-VA)=

    VA Vo
    Rf

    VA=0
    C1

    d
    dt

    Vin =

    Vo=-RfC1

    Vo
    Rf

    d
    dt

    Vin
    This indicates that output is directly proportional to the C 1Rf
    times the differentiation of the input and product C 1Rf is called
    as time constant differentiator.

    Disadvantages of an Ideal
    Differentiator
    The gain of differentiator increases as the frequency
    increases. Thus at some high frequency the differentiator
    may become unstable and break into the oscillation.
    There is possibility that of op-amp may go into the
    saturation
    Also the input impedance decreases as the frequency
    increases. This make the circuit very much sensitive to
    the noise. Thus when such noise gets amplified due to
    high gain at high frequency, noise may completely
    override the differentiated output.
    Hence the differentiator circuit suffers from the
    limitations on its stability and noise problems, at high
    frequencies. These problems can be corrected using some
    additional parameters in the basic differentiator circuit.
    Such a differentiator circuit is called as practical
    differentiator circuit.

    Practical differentiator
    The noise and stability at high frequency can be
    corrected, in the practical differentiator circuit using the
    resistance R1 in series with C1 and the capacitor Cr in parallel
    with resistance Rf .
    The circuit is shown in the figure. The resistance R comp
    is used for bias compensation.

    Equation of gain
    |A|=

    f
    fa
    f
    1+( )2
    fb

    Where fa & fb are two break frequencies.

    Fa=
    Fb=

    1
    2 RfC 1
    1
    2 R1C1

    Step to design practical differentiator: Select Fa as the highest frequency of input signal & it is
    given by

    Fa=

    1
    2 RfC 1

    Select value of capacitor C1 below 1F and calculate Rf

    Let Fb =10Fa where, Fb=

    1
    2 R1C1

    Finally R1C1=RfCf and Rcomp=R1||Rf


    EXAMPLE
    Design a practical differentiator circuit that
    will differentiate an input signal with the
    fmax=100Hz

    Given data :
    Fa=100Hz
    C1=0.1f

    Fa=
    Rf=

    1
    2 RfC 1
    1
    2 1000.1106

    Rf=15.91*

    103

    Rf=15.91KHz

    Rf=15.91KHz

    Let , Fb =10Fa
    =10*100
    =1000Hz
    F b=

    1
    2 R1C1

    R1=

    1
    2 FbC 1

    R1=

    1
    2 10000.1106

    R1=1.59

    103

    R1=1.59KHz
    R1C1=RfCf

    1.59

    10

    Cf=

    0.110

    1.59 1030.1106
    3
    15.9110

    Cf=9.9937*

    109

    Rcomp=R1||Rf
    R 1Rf
    = R 1+ Rf

    1.59 10315.91103
    1.59 103 +15.9110 3

    Rcomp=1.44*
    103

    =15.91*
    F

    10

    *Cf

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