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Jaselle A. Pante 1F-Pharmacy Exercises On Chapter Iv

This document contains notes from a pharmacy student on Chapter IV exercises. It discusses the principal metabolic functions and clinical manifestations of deficiencies for several minerals, including iron, iodine, cobalt, zinc, and copper. It also discusses the functions of iron in respiration and oxygen transport. Additional notes cover the production of ferrous sulfate, effects of iodine deficiency, and uses of various minerals like fluoride, aluminum, lithium, and bromide.

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36 views1 page

Jaselle A. Pante 1F-Pharmacy Exercises On Chapter Iv

This document contains notes from a pharmacy student on Chapter IV exercises. It discusses the principal metabolic functions and clinical manifestations of deficiencies for several minerals, including iron, iodine, cobalt, zinc, and copper. It also discusses the functions of iron in respiration and oxygen transport. Additional notes cover the production of ferrous sulfate, effects of iodine deficiency, and uses of various minerals like fluoride, aluminum, lithium, and bromide.

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JasellePante
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© © All Rights Reserved
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JASELLE A.

PANTE
1F-PHARMACY
EXERCISES ON CHAPTER IV

1.)
A.) Iron
Principal Metabolic Functions: Constituent of hemoglobin
Clinical Manifestation of Deficiency: Anemia
B.) Iodine
Principal Metabolic Functions: Constituent of thyroxine, triiodothyronine
Clinical Manifestation of Deficiency: Endemic (simple) goiter; cretinism
C.) Cobalt
Principal Metabolic Functions: Constituent of Vit. B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Clinical Manifestation of Deficiency: Deficiency of Vit. B12 pernicious anemia; an excess -- polycythemia
D.) Zinc
Principal Metabolic Functions: Constituent of insulin and carbonic anhydrase
Clinical Manifestation of Deficiency: Anemia; stunted growth; hypogonadism in male
E.) Copper
Principal Metabolic Functions: Formation of hemoglobin increase iron utilization constituent of oxidase enzymes
Clinical Manifestation of Deficiency: Hypochromic anemia; excessive heptic storage in Wilsons disease
2.) Iron is present in some form wherever respiration occurs in higher animals. It is essential to the elementary metabolic processes in cell.
In the respiration chain, iron functions as an electron carrier. Iron is responsible for the transport of molecular oxygen in higher organisms.
Both of these functions depend on the ability of iron to exist in coordination compounds in different states of oxidation and bonding.
3.) Ferrous Sulfate oxidizes readily in moist air and forms brownish yellow basic ferric sulfate thats why it should not be officially used.
4.) Green Vitriol is obtained as a by-product in the picking of steel. This consist in immersing steel in diluted sulfuric acid to clean it
perfectly from spots or rust that may have been formed. The vat liquor which contains ferrous sulfate in solution is concentrated to
crystallization. Another commercial source of ferrous sulfate is from the mineral pyrite occurring in nature in shining golden yellow
crystals which is subjected to atmospheric oxidation. After sometime the mass is extracted with water, the solution treated with scrap iron
to convert any ferric to ferrous. The clarified solution is evaporated to crystallization.
5.) Lack of sufficient iodine in the diet results in an enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as simple or colloid goiter. It is characterized
by a swelling at the neck. The enlargement of the thyroid gland is a compensatory mechanism whereby the body attempts to make up for
the hormone deficiency by increasing the size of the gland/
6.) A.) Fluoride for anticariogenic action (inhibition of dental cavity development)
B.) Aluminum astringent, antiseptic, deodorants
C.) Lithium depressant to the CNS and to circulation which is used in manic-depressive disorder; diuretic action
D.) Bromide to cause depression of the CNS in small doses (0.2-2g). In large doses (4-8g) depresses all reflexes and used for epileptic
seizures/
E.) Mercury diuretics, anstiseptic, parasiticide and fungicide; to rid the body of excess fluid causes by cardiac edema.
F.) Strontium seductive; (Strontium lactate) treatment of osteoporosis; (Strontium chloride) dentrifice as a tooth temperature
desensitizing agent
G.) Silver protein precipitant; antiseptic, astringent
H.) Chromium normalize the impaired glucose tolerance of some diabetics
7.) Gold used in rheumatism arthritis and lupus erythematosus
Arsenic used for leukemia because it lowers leukolyte counts; used in the treatment of trypasonomiasis and amoebiasis

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