Jurnal Korosi

ek
SIPIL MESIN ARSITEKTUR ELEKTRO
KOROSI PADA BETON BERTULANG DAN PENCEGAHANNYA
Fahirah F.
*
Abstract
Composition of concrete and steel of bone compiled better usable so that as optimum material.
Corrosion of bone steel is chemical reaction or chemical electro between of bone steel with
environmentally. Corrosion of bone steel process in concrete take place by carbonation,
degradation, by sulphate and chloride and leaching. Corrosion of bone steel which represent
early concrete damage, what as a whole will cut short construction age. To prevent the
happening of corrosion at reinforced concrete hence need usage of good substance, concrete
blanket of thicker, and addition of dimension of structure and also compression of concrete and
coatings.
The purposes of this essay are to know process the happening of corrosion at reinforced
concrete and way of its prevention., so that can minimize of the happening of damage at
concrete construction.
Keyword: corrosion, reinforced concrete
Abstract
The composition of the concrete and steel
reinforcement is well organized so it can be

used as
optimal material. Corrosion of reinforcing
steel is chemical or electro chemical reaction
between the steel
reinforcement with its environment. The
process of reinforcing steel corrosion in
concrete ongoing
the carbonation, degradation by sulfate and
chloride leaching corroded steel
reinforcement
the beginning of concrete damage, which
overall will shorten
construction. To prevent corrosion in
reinforced concrete it is necessary to use
good material, reinforcing concrete cover,
and the addition of dimensional structure
and
compression concrete and coatings.
Purpose was to determine the occurrence of
corrosion in reinforced concrete and
ways to prevent it., so they can minimize the
damage to construction
concrete.
Keywords: corrosion, reinforced concrete
* Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering, University of
Tadulako, Palu
1. Preliminary
Development in the field of Engineering
Civilians, particularly in the construction
sector
buildings, roads, ports,
airfield and building irrigation
target has increased
welfare and standard of living
society.
In implementing or
a construction plan,
strength and durability of a
an important goal to achieve.
Concrete is a building material
formed by the hardening

a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate,
coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel),
air and sometimes mixed
other additives. The mixture
still plastic casted into the reference and
treated to accelerate the reaction
hydration of the cement-water mixture,
which causes hardening of concrete.
Materials that have formed
high compressive strength and the Corrosion
of Reinforced Concrete and Prevention
(Fahirah F.)
191
low tensile resistance. For
overcome weaknesses in areas
tensile steel in concrete is required
reinforcement tensile strength
large.
Concrete and steel components
reinforcement should be prepared
composition
so it can be used as
optimal material. It is
possible because concrete can
easily formed by
put the mixture is still
wet concrete into molds to
Concrete hardening occurs. If the various
blocks of concrete designed
well, then the result is
material is strong, durable and when
combined with steel reinforcement
will be a major element
in a structural system.
Corrosion is a process
electrochemical where steel
associated with fluid
containing ions (electro)
give rise to potential differences
which causes ions reinforcement
will dissolve until the state
balanced. Corrosion especially on concrete
RC may shorten
building. Because the authors try
to discuss ways
prevention of corrosion in concrete
reinforced.
2. Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete

2.1 Steel reinforcement in concrete
Reinforcing steel in concrete
be in an alkaline environment
strong pH 12.5. State
This is because concrete
contains 20-30 percent of Calcium
Dihidrosida (Ca (OH) 2), mostly in the form of
saturated solution of Ca (OH) 2 in the
concrete,
partially precipitated in the form of crystals
Ca (OH) 2 in the concrete. Environment
This strong base provides protection
the reinforcing steel in concrete
steel from corrosion attack due
reinforcement in a strong alkaline
environment
be passive.
2.2 Corrosion of steel reinforcement

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is
chemical or electro-chemical reaction
between
rebars with its environment.
In general, these reactions can be
stated as follows:
2H H2O + O2 (Oxygen)
H2 + O2 + 2e2 (OH) (Neutral)
The corroded reinforcing steel,
carat volume greater than 3 times
volume of the original material so
cause cracks in the concrete.
This is the beginning of the damage
eventually leading to concrete
further damage so
shorten the overall
use of construction is concerned.
Reinforcing steel in concrete
corroded when a passive state lost
the pH of the environment in the areas of
steel-concrete contact down to <9.5.
Conditions where corrosion of steel
reinforcement in the concrete can be
proceeds as follows:
a. Carbonation
Carbonation is incident
CaCO3 formation as a result
reaction between Ca (OH) 2 with gas or
soluble compounds that are acidic.
Carbonization process takes place
according to the following reaction:
Ca (OH) 2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3
Anodic reaction:
Ca (OH) 2 + CaCO3 + 2H2O N2CO3
Fe Fe + + + 2eCa (OH) 2 + Ca (HCO3) + H2O 2CaCO3
H2O H + + OHFe + + + OHFe (OH) 2
4Fe (OH) 2 + O2 + 4 H2O Fe (OH) 3
Rust
Ca (OH) 2 + CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3

Na2CO3 + H2O SMARTek Journal, Vol. 5, no.
3, August 2007: 190-195
192
These reactions can still continue
as follows:
Cathodic reaction:
CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca (HCO3) 2
2H +
+ 2e-
CaCO3 + H2O Ca (HCO3) 2

2H H2 (acidic)
Carbonation takes place

from the concrete surface to the inside
concrete that eventually reached the field
steel-concrete contact. If the process
carbonation has reached the field
steel-concrete contact, environmental pH on
steel-concrete contact area down to
<9.5. This results in a state
lost passive rebars and steel
corroded reinforcement will ultimately
damage the concrete.
b. Degradation by Sulfate
If the sulfate solution into
in concrete, there will be a reaction
the hydration of calcium compounds
aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3.12H2O) which
contained in concrete.
Reactions that occur in the process
This is as follows:
Ca (OH) 2 + Na2SO4.10H2O CaSO4.2H2O
+2 NaOH
+ H2O
3CaO.Al2O3.12H2O + 3 (CaSO4.2H2O) +
12H2O 3CaO.Al2O3.
2 (CaO.Al2O3.12H2O) + 3 (na2 SO4.10H2O)
3CaO.Al2O3.
This reaction produces Calcium

Sulpo aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3
CaSO4.31H2O .3).
Calcium crystals Volume Sulpo
3 times the volume of the calcium aluminate
aluminate (original material) so
fractured concrete result
smooth. This is a way for
solution from the outside and or process
carbonation reaches the contact
steel-concrete.
If the solution from outside and or
carbonation process has reached
steel-concrete contact area, pH
environment on-steel contact area
concrete down to <9.5. It is

resulting in a passive state of steel
lost and reinforcing steel bars
will eventually corrode the damage
concrete.
c. Degradation by Chloride
Chloride ion has been known to be very
aggressive against steel construction
materials.
Chloride through hydrolysis reaction
the acid. The acid
generated neutralize Ca (OH) 2 which
contained in concrete. When
neutralizing the Ca (OH) 2 has been
reach the steel-concrete contact area,
pH environment in the contact area
steel-concrete down to <9.5. It is
resulting in a passive state of steel
lost and reinforcing steel bars
corroded that end up damaging the concrete.
d. Leaching
Leaching is the event
decrease in the concentration of the
compound teralrut
around the contact area of steel-concrete
result
entry of the solution into the concrete.
Decreased concentration finally
resulting in environmental pH
steel-concrete contact area down to
<9.5. This results in a state
lost passive rebars and steel
corroded reinforcement will ultimately
damaging the concrete.
The principle of the circle corrosion,
is said to be circular because of corrosion
proceeds continues until the end
destroying construction
concerned schematically
illustrated in Figure 1.
Consequences if
corrosion of the reinforcement loop occurs
concrete are:
a. Tercucinya cement paste has
hardened.
b. Dissolution and tercucinya compounds
compounds formed by
aggressive air attack.

c. The formation of compounds
new, the result of chemical reactions with
Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete and
Prevention
(Fahirah F.)
193
very nature expands
(Expansive) to concrete being
cracked and broken.
d. Loss of tension cracks between
concrete and reinforcement due to slip.
The most dangerous is
sea water and ground water due to
containing sulfate ions.
According C.J. Menger in
"Sewen Coreosion and Protective
Coating ", the influence of sulfur compounds
against corrosion are presented in Table 1.
Figure 1. Flowchart of the Rings Corrosion
Table 1. Effect of Sulfate Compounds on

Corrosion (According to Menger CJ)
No
Sulfate Levels
Water soluble
(Via SO4) in soil
Sulfate Levels
(Via SO4) in
water, ppm
Level attacks
Relative to
concrete
1 0.00 to 0.10 0-150 Negligible
2 from 0.10 to 0.20 150-1000 Positive
3 0.20 to 0.50 from 1000 to 2000 is quite
large
4 More than 0.50 More than 2000 Very large
Water soluble compounds + Co

Co
H1CO3
Cl 2-3
etc.
Carbonation causes degradation
by Cl
pH dropped <9.5
Passive nature of the missing
Steel terrokosi
Expansion
Carbonation
and degradation by Cl
The faster
Concrete cracks
Bonding of steel and concrete
or simply slip off SMARTek Journal, Vol. 5, no.
3, August 2007: 190-195
194
2.3 Prevention of corrosion in Concrete
bony
One of corrosion prevention
is seeking concrete
meetings as well as compact and
homogeneous. This
means of correspondence required
between the thickness of concrete (water
content
cement) and how pemampatannya.
With the parameters of the concrete slump
test,
GEORGE Dreux create table
relationships are tabulated in
Table 2.
According to research Tredland,
cement concrete with a water factor of 0.7 to
0.9
compression by vibration
normal, having the possibility of corrosion
the smallest.
In principle globally,
control and prevention of corrosion
on reinforced concrete diskemakan
Figure 2: (mainly for road
highway due to construction related
directly with groundwater).
Table 2. Relationship between concrete

thickness and compression method with
parameter slump test
No Slump test (cm) Concrete Thickness How
squishing
1 0 - 2 Very thick high vibration
2 3-5 condensed somewhat high vibrations
3 6-9 plastic normal vibration
4 10-13 dilute
Stabbed and beateno'clock
5 More than 13 Very dilute to liquid
Rather Stabbed-pin and
pounded
Figure 2. Principles of control and prevention

of corrosion in reinforced concrete
Keep the passive condition on the field

Contact steel - concrete
Prevent / resistor carbonation process
degradation chloride
Prevent / inhibitory process definition
concrete on the environment
Coatings / Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete
coating and Prevention
(Fahirah F.)
195
One example of
maintain a passive condition is
inhibition method or means of protection
cathodic, ie reversing the current direction
corrosion, thus blocking the
corrosion. For commonly used Coatnya
voltaic series of principles which the process
corrosion prevented by
maintain metal
protected as a cathode and the metal
Another corroded as Anode.
As for ways to
prevent corrosion:
1) Use of materials
good quality.
2) strengthening of concrete cover
3) Using a water-resistant concrete
(Theoretically no)
4) Addition dimensional structure
5) How the concrete compression
right
6) Protection of surface (Coatings)
This usually is
while, as if
protection defective or damaged
corrosion process will run again.
3. Conclusion
From some of the descriptions of corrosion
on reinforced concrete can be drawn
conclusions as follows:
a. Corroded steel reinforcement
the beginning of concrete damage,
which as a whole will
shorten the life of the construction.
b. The process of corrosion of reinforcing
steel in
concrete carbonation takes place,
degradation by sulfate and chloride and
leaching
c. Circle corrosion of reinforcement
resulting in concrete cracking concrete
and rupture (construction destroyed) and
causes of the most dangerous
is sea water and ground water due to
containing sulfate ions.
d. Some ways of preventing corrosion
the reinforced concrete is
use good material,
strengthen concrete cover, and
dimensional structures as well as the
addition of
compression concrete and coatings.

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SIPIL MESIN ARSITEKTUR ELEKTRO

KOROSI PADA BETON BERTULANG DAN PENCEGAHANNYA

Keyword: corrosion, reinforced concrete

reinforcement is well organized so it can be

* Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering

formed by the hardening

2. Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete

2.2 Corrosion of steel reinforcement

Ca (OH) 2 + CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3

CaCO3 + H2O Ca (HCO3) 2

Carbonation takes place

This reaction produces Calcium

concrete down to <9.5. It is

aggressive air attack.

Figure 1. Flowchart of the Rings Corrosion

Table 1. Effect of Sulfate Compounds on

Water soluble compounds + Co

Table 2. Relationship between concrete

Figure 2. Principles of control and prevention

Keep the passive condition on the field

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