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Producing 2 Grams of A Compound Lab Post Lab

This experiment involved a double replacement reaction between magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium carbonate to produce magnesium carbonate precipitate. In the first experiment, the actual yield was 0.92 grams, which is 46% of the theoretical yield. The second experiment had an actual yield of 2.4 grams, which is 120% of the theoretical yield. The percent error was 54% for the first experiment and 20% for the second. The limiting reactant was magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and the theoretical yields of magnesium carbonate and potassium sulfate were calculated to be 0.684 grams and 1.41 grams respectively.

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197 views

Producing 2 Grams of A Compound Lab Post Lab

This experiment involved a double replacement reaction between magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium carbonate to produce magnesium carbonate precipitate. In the first experiment, the actual yield was 0.92 grams, which is 46% of the theoretical yield. The second experiment had an actual yield of 2.4 grams, which is 120% of the theoretical yield. The percent error was 54% for the first experiment and 20% for the second. The limiting reactant was magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and the theoretical yields of magnesium carbonate and potassium sulfate were calculated to be 0.684 grams and 1.41 grams respectively.

Uploaded by

roflowhale
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Post Lab Questions:

1. How did your group choose the two reactants for this experiment?

We looked at the solubility chart and saw which combinations of ions would form a precipitate. Based on
that, we decided to choose magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium carbonate as our two reactants.

2. What kind of reaction is this? How do you know?

This reaction is a double-replacement reaction. We know this because the reactants are two ionic
compounds. In this experiment, the two ionic compounds reacted by exchanging cations to form two
different compounds. Double-replacement reactions are driven by the formation of a precipitate, a
gaseous product, or a molecular compound. In our reaction, a precipitate formed, so the reaction is most
likely a double-replacement.

3. a) Write a complete ionic equation for the reaction observed in this experiment.

Mg2+(aq) + 7H2O(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2K+(aq) + CO32-(aq)  MgCO3(s) + 2K+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 7H2O(aq)

b) Indicate which ions are spectator ions in this reaction. Where are they found in this experiment?

In this reaction, the spectator ions are sulfate (SO42-) and potassium (K+). They are found dissolved in the
water.

c) Write a net ionic equation for this reaction.

Mg2+(aq) + CO32-(aq)  MgCO3(s)

4. Explain how your group determined what procedure(s) to adjust for the second experiment. Did your
modification(s) improve or worsen your experimental yield? Why?
_____

5. What protocol modification(s) would you recommend for a third experiment?

_____

6. What is the actual yield of your precipitate in both experiments?

The actual yield of our precipitate in both experiments was 0.92 grams and 2.4 grams.

7. What is the percent yield of your precipitate in both experiments?

0.92 g MgCO3 2.4 g MgCO3


× 100 % = 46 %, × 100 % = 120 %
2.00 g MgCO3 2.00 g MgCO3
The percent yield of our precipitate in both experiments was 46% and 120%.
8. Calculate the percent error in your production of precipitate for both experiments, using the expected value of
2.00 grams. What is the relationship between percent yield and percent error?
2.00 g- 0.92g 2.00 g- 2.4g
%error = × 100 % = 54 % , %error = × 100 % = 20 %
2.00g 2.00g

Percent yield is a measure of the efficiency of a reaction, while percent error is the percent that a measured
value differs from the accepted value.

For each of the following questions, assume that you start with 2.00 grams of each of the same reactants used in
your experiment. Show all calculations!

9. Which compound is the limiting reactant?

1mol MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol K2CO3 138 .21 g K2CO3


2.00 g MgSO 4 • 7H20 × × × ≈ 1.12 g K2
246 .52 g MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol K2CO3
The magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4 · 7H2O) is the limiting reactant.

10. Which compound is the excess reactant? Where can it be found? Suggest an additional experimental step
to prove that you correctly identified which compound is in excess.

The potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is the excess reactant. It can be found _____

11. What is the theoretical yield of each of the products produced from this experiment?

1mol MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol MgCO 3 84 .32 g MgCO3


2.00 g MgSO 4 • 7H20 × × × ≈ 0.684 g M
246 .52 g MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol MgCO 3
1mol MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol K2SO4 174 .27 g K2SO4
2.00 g MgSO 4 • 7H20 × × × ≈ 1.41 g K2
246 .52 g MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol MgSO 4 • 7H20 1mol K2SO4
The theoretical yield for each of the products produced from this experiment—magnesium carbonate and
potassium sulfate—are 0.684 grams and 1.41 grams, respectively.

12. How many grams of precipitate would be produced if the other reactant was the limiting reactant?

1mol K2CO3 1mol MgCO 3 84 .32 g MgCO 3


2.00 g K2CO3 × × × ≈ 1.22 g MgCO 3
138 .21 g K2CO3 1mol K2CO3 1mol MgCO 3
If potassium carbonate, rather than magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, was the limiting reactant, then 1.22 grams
of precipitate would have been produced.

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