Health and Safety Advice For Roofers

HEALTH AND SAFETY
ADVICE FOR ROOFERS
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Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is intended to provide general

guidance only and should not be regarded as a complete and authoritative statement
of the law. CITB does not accept or assume any liability or duty of care for any actions
taken as a result of the information contained within this publication. You should not act
upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional
advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in this publication, and, to the extent permitted
by law, CITB, its members, employees and agents do not accept or assume any liability,
responsibility or duty of care for any consequences of you or anyone else acting, or
refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this publication or for any
decision based on it.
Where there are unsafe acts illustrated in the photographs - the scenarios were re-created
for illustration purposes and no one was put at risk at any time.
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Contents
Introduction
Roofing
Health And Safety Law
Health And Safety On Site
Health And Safety Training
Working on Roofs
Some Examples Of Falls Through Fragile Roofs
Working at Heights
Access Equipment & Working Platforms
Scaffolding
Mobile Elevated Working Platforms (Mewp)
Alloy Tower Scaffolds
Falling Objects
Working over Water
Slinging And Load Handling
Safety Critical Work
Health, Hygiene And Welfare Facilities
Hand Hygiene
Chemicals / Dermititis
Hazards
Asbestos
Manual Handling
Power and Hand Tools
Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome (Havs)
Noise
Electricity
Struck Or Crushed By Moving Vehicles On Site
Sun Exposure
Safety In Confined Spaces
Safety In Excacations
Personal Protective Equipment
Fire
First Aid
CITB
ConstructionSkills in N. I.
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This booklet is part of a range that have been

produced by CITB (NI) to provide advice and
guidance on Health and Safety issues relating to
INTRODUCTION
trade persons working in the Construction Industry
such as Bricklayers, Joiners, Roofers , Plasters, and
Painters, with the aim of helping to eliminate and
reduce the risk of, accidents, injury and ill-health.
The booklets are in an easy to use pocket-size format
and will be a good reference point to both existing and new entrant trade
persons working in the industry and will also provide advice to supervisors,
managers and directors to help improve health and safety performance on
site.
Some health and safety risks you may face on site include:
Falls from height

Working on fragile roofs
Risk of eye injury from flying particles and dust.
Cancer risk from Exposure to asbestos
Slips trips and falls due to untidy work area
Manual handling activities
Using various types of machinery and tools.
Moulds, fungi and bacteria.
Dermatitis
Cuts and abrasions
Struck my machinery
Loss of fingers/limbs
Risk of pain or injury from performing repetitive tasks.
Exposure to noise
Struck by falling objects
Working in confined spaces
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Exposure to electricity
Vibration white finger
Hand and foot injury
Sun exposure
Working in the construction industry is both rewarding and satisfying but

as the above list shows you could be exposed to various risks if the correct
safe methods of work as described in this booklet are not followed.
Think about the various Health & Safety risks that could be found on
your site, speak to your supervisor or person/s in charge about ways of
eliminating or reducing those risks and stay safe and healthy.
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Your trade provides a valuable service to the

construction industry, in order to sustain this
valuable service you will need to have received
INTRODUCTION
ROOFING
adequate training specific to your work to ensure
that you are kept up to date with current product
design and installation requirements; training in
Health & Safety ensures that you follow proper
recognised procedures on site.
You may be involved in mentoring apprentices and migrant workers, if you
follow proper procedures relating to your work and in Health & Safety it will
set a good example to others.
Falls from height is the main cause of death in construction, you need
to follow proper procedures before any work at height starts, dont take
chances on this issue, think before you start working at height and confirm
with your employer that all proper procedures have been followed, dont use
a MEWP or working platform unless you have received adequate training
and keep a look out for overhead cables do not start any work at height if
cables are near until you have reported and received further instruction, you
also have a duty to warn others about the dangers on site and that includes
overhead cables. You will read later in this booklet further information on
what precautions you can take to stay safe on site.
This booklet has been printed for the benefit of all those working in the
roofing industry in the following areas:
Built-Up Felt Roofing, Mastic Asphalting, Roof Slating & Tiling, Roof Sheeting
& Cladding, Thatching, Metal Roofing & Rubber membrane
You can be working on commercial or domestic properties, schools,
hospitals, housing, warehouses and other structures.
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As stated your trade is a valuable one and if you were asked to describe
the main specific functions of your job it would include a selection of the
following depending on what area of roofing you are involved in, this list
is not exhaustive but it shows the wide variety of different materials and
equipment that are used, it also highlights the potential risks that could be
associated with these products and equipment so ensure that you have
received adequate training and remember that includes refresher training
not just in H & S but in your specific work area especially if products or
equipment change or new process are introduced.
Working at height
Wearing Personal Protective Equipment
Apply liquid with brush or roller
Replace Fascia, install Guttering, renew Guttering, replace Soffits
Fitting solar panels and windows
Fit and repair sheets, guttering and sky lighting
Fix slating laths
Fixing slates and tiles
Laying membranes
Measure, cut, shape, assemble and join materials.
Operating MEWPs
Pour and spread hot asphalt
Protect the building from water damage whilst working in wet weather.
Slinging and handling loads
Using a range of cutting and fixing tools, such as shearing hooks,
eave-knives, long needles and shears.
Using glues and preservers
Using hammers, chisels and saws to cut and fit materials.
Using wooden pegs, twine, steel spikes and wire netting
Work with elevator hoists, mobile towers, ladders and scaffolds
Working with abrasive wheels
Working with bitumen, roofing felts
Working with fibre-cement tiles, slabs or granite chips.
Working with mobile boilers, mixers, buckets, LPG cylinders and
application units for hot sealants.
Working with Zinc, Copper, Aluminium and Stainless Steel Roofing
materials
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HEALTH AND
SAFETY LAW
Your health, safety and welfare at work are protected

by law, your employer has a duty to protect you and
keep you informed about health and safety and
provide adequate information, instruction, training
and supervision to enable you to carry out your work
in a safe manner.
You also have legal duties too as follows.
Take reasonable care for your own health and safety and of others
who may be affected by your work such as other workers or members
of the public
Comply with instructions or control measures such as the wearing of
personal protective equipment.
Co-operate with your employer on health and safety and training
requirements.
Correctly use and report any defects on work equipment provided by
your employer this could be machinery, tools or personal protective
equipment
Do not interfere with or misuse anything provided for your health,
safety or welfare.
Self-employed persons also have duties under the law in relation to their own
Health and Safety and ensure that their work does not put others at risk.
If you think there is a health and safety problem on your site you should first
discuss it with your supervisor, H & S adviser or person in charge.
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (Northern
Ireland) CDM
The updated CDM regulations place a responsibility
on everyone involved in the construction process,
everyone needs to know about these regulations
and that includes you.
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Workers: roles and responsibilities

All those who work in the construction industry have their part to play looking
after their own health and safety and in improving the industrys health and
safety record
Those with legal duties are commonly known as duty-holders.
Duty-holders under CDM are:
Clients, CDM Co-Ordinators, Designers, Principal (main) Contractor,
Contractors and Workers.
Ensure you only carry out construction work if you are competent
Report any defect that you think may endanger the health and safety
of yourself, other persons or members of the public.
Co-operate with others and co-ordinate work so as to ensure your
own health and safety and others who may be affected by the work.
Follow site health and safety rules and procedures
Contractors: roles and responsibilities
On all projects contractors will need to:
Plan, manage and monitor their own work and that of their workers
Check the competence of all their appointees and workers
Train their own employees
Provide information to their workers
Ensure all workers have site inductions and any further information and
training needed for the work
Ensure that there are adequate welfare facilities for their workers
The CDM regs are supported by an Approved Code of Practice
(ACoP)
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HEALTH AND
INTRODUCTION
SAFETY ON
SITE
A number of initiatives have been launched to

promote and improve good practice and by
reducing accidents and ill health. These initiatives
are supported by Northern Ireland construction
companies, Health and Safety Executive, employers
and training bodies.
BuildHealth was launched to improve the health of

construction workers in Northern Ireland by: preventing
work related ill health: supporting and rehabilitating ill workers and using the
workplace as a setting in which to improve health.
BUILDSAFE-NI was launched to focus on substantially reducing accidents
and eliminating death in the industry.
You have a part to play in this process by working safely, staying healthy,
preventing injury to yourself and others and not being complacent.
Always inspect equipment that you have been given and report any defects,
if you see any defects in scaffolding, ladders and mobile towers this could
cause serious injury or death, report immediately, only repair if authorized
to do so by your employer or person in charge, and only if trained and
competent.
If an accident should happen it must be reported to your supervisor,
manager or a responsible person and a record should be kept, most
employers have a no-blame-culture, and encourage reporting of any
problems that you see that could prevent an accident from happening in the
first place or its reoccurrence.
Information gained from reported accidents can be used to
improve health and safety on site.
Remember accidents are preventable, by following
safe systems of work you can help to improve the
standards of Health and Safety on your site.
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CITB encourages the adequate training of all those

working in the Northern Ireland construction industry
HEALTH AND
and support the industry to qualify their workforce to
SAFETY
national occupational standards and to enroll with
TRAINING
appropriate Industry Registration Schemes. Training
is not a one off event that is refreshed every 4 or 5
years, but it is a requirement that all persons receive
training where necessary in order to do their job safely
and to a continuing competent standard.
Having a recognized registration card is a good starting point in showing
proof of health and safety training but as stated more specific training will be
required depending on work activity such as.
Induction training
Tool box talks
Working at heights
Specific manufacture type training
Health and Hygiene preventing dermatitis
Lifting and handling manual loads
Using plant and equipment like MEWPs or Forklift Trucks
Using scaffolding and mobile towers
Using hand tools
Abrasive wheels
Hot works
Fire prevention
First Aid
Refresher training
Conversion training
Familiarization training
This is not an exhaustive list and other training

requirements may be necessary as and when
required.
Adequate training can help prevent accidents
and ill-health and make for a more motivated
and productive workforce, ensure that you have
received adequate training required to do your
job safely and efficiently.
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All construction personnel should adopt the principles and practices stated
in this document, where reasonably practicable. This booklet is intended
as a good practice health and safety guide and should be supported by
relevant training and the HSENI publications.
CITB provides an on-site Mobile Training Unit that visits sites on a daily basis
and provides H&S and other training courses such as abrasive wheels,
cartridge tools and slinging courses.
CITB also publish a grant assisted list of approved courses delivered by a
network of external training providers, you can search for approved courses
on the CITB website www.citbni.org.uk or check with your local CITB
Regional Advisor for further information and guidance.
CITB also provide a database of approved courses delivered a network of
training providers.
Training for those involved in roofing
Companys requirements
It is a misconception by some companies to assume that time served
roofers are fully qualified in their work including operating and using the
various tools and equipment. Some roofers were trained a number of years
ago, even then very little or no training was provided. Refresher training, tool
box talks and other manufacturer type instruction on the different techniques
and products is a must to ensure an adequate standard is maintained, those
serving their time should follow a recognised apprenticeship and gain a
qualification.
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WORKING ON
ROOFS
Working on roofs is dangerous and falls account for

more deaths and serious injuries in construction than
anything else. Any fall from a roof inevitably involves
at least serious injury. Similarly many incidents
occur when materials or items of equipment fall off
or through roofs or when items are thrown off roofs.
Accidents occur to those who are building roofs and to

those maintaining, cleaning, demolishing and inspecting them.
All work to roofs should be considered as high risk regardless of how long
or short the work will be. These guidance notes are to be followed by all
personnel involved in roofing works whether operatives, supervisory staff,
inspectors or contractors.
Is the Work Necessary
Before inspecting or repairing a roof, it is important to consider whether or
not the work is essential.
If the work of inspection, repair or alteration is necessary, can the work be
done from a powered access platform (mewp)?
Risk Assessment
A risk assessment is to be carried out for all roof work.
Simple and short work may require a fairly simple assessment and range of
precautions.
The risk assessment must include a full identification of the risks before
the work starts and the necessary equipment, appropriate
precautions and systems of work must be provided and
implemented.
Except for simple tasks a written safety method
statement is to be produced. The method
statement or safe system of work must be
relevant to the actual risk assessment for the
particular planned tasks, not a serious of generic
instructions or diagrams.
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Key Issues
The following is a list of issues (not exhaustive) that are likely to need
assessment:
Getting on and off the roof.

Edge protection.
Secure working platform.
Fall arrest equipment (nets and harnesses).
Falling material.
Previous Cases Where Death and Injury Have Occured
Contractor falls when working on a ladder which is not secured

Person gains access to scaffold and falls from height
Items fall from roof repair work onto persons below
Incorrectly assembled scaffold collapses injuring contractors, staff and
persons
Contractor killed when he falls from edge of roof
Contractor electrocuted when he damages overhead cables when
working on ladder.
Hot bitumen spills from roof onto persons below during roof repair work
Contractor falls through fragile roof onto persons below
Contractor overbalances on ceiling joist and falls through roof
Factors that may cause a worker to fall include sudden movement,

workers moving from one surface to another, losing their grip, bad weather
conditions, a surface not being capable of supporting a load, and fall
prevention systems being incorrectly used or not being used at all. Time
pressure and demands to complete a job on time sometimes cause workers
to cut corners and put their own safety at risk.
Some roofing materials can become fragile or brittle
after exposure to strong weather conditions. Serious
personal injuries and fatalities have occurred when
employees have fallen through roofs made of
brittle materials like asbestos, cement sheets and
glass skylights in a construction accident.
In windy conditions roof sheets can act like a
sail and persons can loose balance and fall.
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SOME
EXAMPLES OF
FALLS
THROUGH
FRAGILE
ROOFS
People who erect scaffolds have legal responsibilities.

Scaffolding for roof work has to be properly erected
by a competent person.
Accident example 1
A man died five days after falling through a fragile

roof. He was cleaning and inspecting asbestos cement
sheets. The roof gave way under his weight and he fell
nearly 3 m onto a concrete floor, suffering injuries to his head.
Accident example 2
A worker died after falling 4 m through the roof of a building. He was using
a single scaffold board to walk on the roof and had been standing on this
while he cut away some damaged fibre cement roof sheets. As he stood up
on the board after cutting the sheets he lost his balance and fell backwards
through the roof to the concrete floor below.
Accident example 3
A foreign worker suffered severe head injuries and was unable to return to
work after falling nearly 6 m onto a concrete floor. He was inspecting the
roof to see which bits needed to be repaired when one of the plastic panels
fractured.
Accident example 4
An employee suffered severe back injuries when he fell 11.5 m through a
hole in the factory roof. He was on a factory roof that was being repaired and
installation of a new extractor unit. One of these holes had been
left open, the other covered by an insulating board. He
stood on the hole covered by insulating board; it broke
under his weight and he fell.
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Precautions
Assume that roofs are fragile unless you can confirm otherwise - there
may be non-visible damage caused by weathering, deterioration, etc.
Always avoid working on a roof if it is possible to carry out the work in
another way.
Never go onto any part of a fragile roof without using platforms to
support your weight.
Fit appropriate warning signs to buildings which have fragile roofs,
particularly at roof access points.
Never walk along purlings or steel beams
Ensure that platforms are wide enough and long enough to give
adequate support across roof members and ensure that enough
platforms are provided on the roof.
Protect against falling through the fragile roof adjacent to the platform by
providing:
a properly installed safety net, scaffolding or similar close to the
underside of the roof
suitable guard rails and toe boards at the edges of the platform
further suitable coverings over all fragile materials
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Think before you work

WORKING AT
HEIGHTS
As stated when working on roofs serious or even

fatal injury could occur, this applies to all work at
height.
Make sure that edge protection is in place to stop
you and materials falling.
If required use harnesses, safety nets, air bags etc, but dont take chances.
Proper risk assessments and method statements prior to any work starting
are essential to prevent or control this type of activity.
Ensure that persons are not working underneath you or if this is not possible
ensure that all precautions have been taken to prevent materials falling onto
them.
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Ladders
ACCESS
EQUIPMENT
INTRODUCTION
& WORKING
PLATFORMS
The ladder should be angled to minimise the risk

of slipping outwards and as a rule of thumb needs
to be one out for every four up.
Access ladders should extend about 1m above
the working platform. this provides a handhold for
people getting on and off.
Ensure that ladders are tied on both stiles to prevent
slipping.
Ladders should be in good condition and examined regularly to make
sure they are free from defects.
Ladders should not be painted as this can hide defects.
Ladders used must be in good condition, adequately secured (lashed)
and placed on firm surface.
Do not overreach; if you are working from a ladder, make sure it is long
enough and positioned to reach the work safely.
Do not climb or work off a ladder unless you can maintain 3 points of
contact.
Minimise openings in scaffolds that have been created for ladder
access
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SCAFFOLDING
Remember scaffolding should be inspected after

substantial alternation or repair, after any event likely
to affect stability like strong winds and at regular
intervals not exceeding seven days.
Any faults found must be put right, scaffolding
should be tagged to warn others if faults have been
found.
Your employer should ensure that other contractors scaffolding that you are
using is safe.
Ensure scaffolding requirements, including appropriate load rating and
provision of loading bays with your employer or supervisor.
Scaffolding could collapse and crush may incur, or worse, if the
scaffolding collapses on top of you.
Check with the site manager that the correct scaffold is provided and
inspected, ask for evidence that the scaffold has been erected by a
competent person and inspected.
No one should interfere with or misuse scaffold, only competent
persons can erect and inspect scaffolding.
If you think that a scaffold has been interfered with or could be unsafe,
report this to your supervisor or other person in charge immediately.
Do not make any unauthorized adjustments to any scaffold, never
remove ties or handrails.
If a harness is required then make sure you wear it correctly, use a
suitable lanyard and inspect before and during use, you must be
trained in the safe use of harnesses.
Ensure any safety equipment provided to prevent injury from falls is in
place and secure.
Dont leave tripping hazards like this.
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Also referred to as cherry pickers.

MOBILE
ELEVATED
WORKING
PLATFORMS
(MEWP)
It should not be assumed that qualified staff,

new staff etc, are competent in the use of such
equipment, therefore it is a legal requirement that
no one should be allowed to work at any equipment
or machinery unless they have received adequate
training where necessary and have demonstrated
competence.
You could be killed if you work near overhead power lines, treat every power
line as live until further controlled information is received, working near
overhead power lines refer to H & S document GS6, it states that you keep
away 9m from wooden poles and 15m from steel pylons.
Always inspect machine before use

log and report faults to your supervisor
Make sure you are trained and authorised to use the machine
Wear a harness when using the machine (see reference working over water)
Make sure you have received instruction on wearing a harness
Read your operators manual for safe use
Stay clear of overhead power lines
Do not use in windy conditions use a hand-held anemometer for
measuring wind speed (Beaufort scale)
In windy conditions roof sheets can act like a sail and can seriously
effect the stability of the platform resulting in overturning
Beware of a wind funnelling effect between buildings
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ALLOY TOWER
SCAFFOLDS
Alloy Tower scaffolds are used widely in the

construction industry and a number of accidents
happen each year mainly due to the tower not being
properly erected or used. An aluminium tower can
easily overturn as they are light and manoeuvrable.
Before Use
Do not erect or inspect an alloy tower unless you are
trained and competent to do so.
Make sure the tower is resting on firm level ground with the wheels or feet
properly supported.
Do not use crushable material such as bricks or building blocks to take the
weight of any part of the tower.
As a guide, if towers are to be used in exposed conditions or outside, the
height of the working platform should be no more than three times the
minimum base dimension.
Remember the following as a guide.
Do not sheet as this could act like a sail and overturn the tower.
Ensure the tower is on firm level ground.
Do not load with heavy equipment or materials.
Do not use to hoist heavy materials or support rubbish chute
Always use ladder for access, do not climb on the tower.
Always climb from the inside of the tower
Use a brick guard where necessary
Tower should not be moved with anyone remaining in the structure
Close platform access door to prevent falling through.
Watch out for
overhead power
lines before moving.
Do not use vehicles
to push or pull the
tower.
Ensure brakes are
applied.
If fitted, check
that outriggers are
set correctly and
secured.
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FALLING
OBJECTS
Can cause injury to your head, body and feet,

and to someone working in the area below you,
or members of the public passing close to the
site. Make sure no debris falls from height, place
objects in a safe place and use a suitable Shute for
materials going into a skip.
Make sure all necessary precautions are taken as
follows.
Brick guards kept in position on scaffold lifts.

Waste materials removed form scaffolding and placed in skip.
Protective foot wear (with steel toe caps & mid-soles) supplied and
worn at all times.
Safety helmets to be worn and chin strap used when required.
Encourage other workers to wear safety hats, protective clothing and
foot wear.
Approved Courses
CITB also publish a grant assisted list of approved courses delivered by
a network of extrernal training providers, you can search for approved
courses on the CITB website www.citbni.org.uk or check with your local
CITB Regional Advisor for further information and guidance.
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When any works are being carried out which

necessitates personnel working at heights above
WORKING
water the following precautions are to be taken.
OVER
Any works over water are to be subject to the
WATER
company Permit to Work system
A fence or barrier must be provided to any
structure or scaffold where there is a risk of
persons falling from such structures into water
Where an independent electrically or mechanically operated hoist or
cradle is used a competent operator must be provided, or sufficient
training be given in its use. Some means of communication is to be
provided for use in an emergency, a harness should in most cases not
be used in a MEWP as this could led to drowning, a life jacket should
be provided.
Any hoist/cradle is to be checked, maintained and inspected/
examined as per manufacturers or statutory requirements.
Warning signs/notices are to be displayed
There is to be adequate lighting for the whole of the period of work.
Lighting must be adequate for night work and must illuminate the
immediate surrounding water surface.
A buoyancy aid, of a tested and approved pattern, is to be worn by all
personnel working over water
Suitable rescue equipment, for example a boat, boathook, lifebelt or
lifeline is to be in position and checked as serviceable before works are
permitted to commence.
The use of any electrical equipment is to be strictly controlled and
steps are to be taken to ensure that leads are not long enough to
touch the water. All equipment should be connected to lines to prevent
their accidental dropping into water causing possible electric shocks
etc.
All personnel are to be instructed as to means of raising alarm and
rescue drills
The Site Supervisor, or a nominated person, is to make regular and
frequent checks on numbers of personnel working.
Any works over water are to be carried out by a minimum of two
persons, no lone workers are permitted.
Special care must be taken in fog, snow or rain, when extra checks
are to be made by the site supervisor.
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SLINGING AND
LOAD
HANDLING
Slinging and load handling is perhaps the most vital

part of any lifting operation.
Do not get involved in any slinging or elevator
operations unless you have been adequately
trained and authorised to do so.
Failure to follow this advice could lead to death or

injury.
A proper risk assessment must be completed, all slings and equipment must
be inspected before use, any faults reported and if damaged removed from
service.
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SAFETY
INTRODUCTION
CRITICAL
WORK
Some jobs in the construction industry involve

activities that can place workers at risk, unless the
person has full, unimpaired control of their physical
and mental capabilities. These jobs are called
safety critical and the people who do them are
safety-critical workers.
In particular, your employer will need to focus on health

conditions that may involve:
sudden loss of consciousness (e.g. epilepsy, some heart conditions,
diabetes (particularly insulin-dependent diabetes));

impaired awareness or concentration;
sudden incapacity;
impaired balance or coordination;
restricted mobility; and
impaired vision or hearing.
Before someone starts safety-critical work, it is good practice for the

employer to agree what health checks and/or medical examination are
required, and record the agreement.
It is important to be clear which aspects of fitness are relevant to the
safety-critical work, and to specify the required level. The employer or self
employed need to have clear agreed company policies in place to deal with
these issues.
Example: Working on Roofs
Your employer needs to be sure that you:
can climb the ladder onto the scaffold or roof;
can see well enough (this might mean making sure
you use prescription lenses); and

that you do not suffer from a condition which
might cause you to lose consciousness or

reduce your ability to concentrate
Medical assessment
Workers who carry out safety-critical tasks
need a full medical assessment. Decisions
on fitness for work can only be taken by a
competent occupational health doctor.
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Detailed medical assessments are confidential to the worker and the

occupational health practitioner or general practitioner. However, an
employer can reasonably expect the occupational health practitioner to
provide a general report about individual fitness in terms of:
fit for work;

fit for work with restrictions;
temporarily does not meet the fitness standard; or
unable to meet the fitness for work to carry out specific jobs.
This is the only information that an employer needs to ensure an appropriate

match of worker to job.
Ongoing fitness
Someones fitness for work will probably change over time. Your employer
will need to decide how to check that safety-critical workers are fit enough
to continue with their work, e.g. introduce a simple system to recall workers
who need ongoing health checks.
Tell your employer about any health changes that occur between checks
which may affect your ability to do your job safely. Sickness absence
certificates or observations by supervisors and managers may also indicate
that a safety-critical workers health has deteriorated. This might trigger a
need to check health.
Medication
Some medication can cause drowsiness and affect concentration. All safety
critical workers should be encouraged to ask their general practitioner or
pharmacist about the possible side effects of medication. In some
cases, it may be necessary for a worker to do other tasks
until the nature and extent of side effects have been
established, and are properly controlled.
Drugs and alcohol
You should not do construction work if you are
under the influence of drugs or alcohol as you
or someone else could suffer serious injury or
death, but drug and alcohol testing is a complex
area and if your employer decides to carry out
testing, they will need to consult with health and
24
4/2/09 13:02:01
safety representatives and employees about the companies policy, position

and procedures.
Disability discrimination
If health conditions are properly controlled a worker could be able to do
many construction jobs safely.
Disability Discrimination Law protects workers who have a disability.
However, the law allows an employer to prevent a person doing a specific
task if the discrimination is for reasons that relate to compliance with health
and safety legislation, e.g. it would be justifiable to transfer a Roof worker to
other duties if he/she could no longer see well enough, even with glasses.
Work-related stress
What is stress?
HSE defines stress as an adverse reaction to excessive pressure. Pressure
is often part and parcel of work and helps to keep us motivated. Excess,
badly-managed exposure to pressure can lead to stress. Workers who
experience stress, anxiety or depression are unlikely to perform effectively
and if stress levels are not corrected it can lead to serious problems.
In safety-critical industries such as construction it could have serious
consequences.
What causes stress?
HSE has identified six aspects of work that can lead to stress. These are:
1. demands: such as workload and pattern, adequacy
of the management team, build programme, and
the effects of client expectation and contract
penalties;
2. control: how much say someone has about
the way that they work;
3. support: whether employees receive
adequate information and support from
managers and colleagues.
25
4/2/09 13:02:01
4. relationships: the nature of work relationships, including mechanisms

to deal with unacceptable behaviour such as bullying;
5. role: whether people understand their jobs and have the skills,
experience and support to deliver, and whether there is any conflict of
responsibilities; and
6. change: how change is managed and communicated in the company,
and whether work is secure.
The top five most stressful aspects of work in construction are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
having too much work to do in the time available;

travelling or commuting;
being responsible for the safety of others at work;
working long hours; and
having a dangerous job.
Remember that factors such as personal relationships, financial concerns,

domestic issues and bereavement will affect someones ability to cope with
pressure at work. The importance of these factors is likely to vary over time.
What you should do
Regardless of where your work in safety critical or not, if you think that you
are suffering from any of the health & safety issues mentioned above or in
this book speak to your supervisor, manager or a suitable person than you
can relate your problems to, dont suffer in silence.
26
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HEALTH,
HYGIENE AND
INTRODUCTION
WELFARE
FACILITIES
Your employer or the person in control of any site has

a legal obligation to ensure that sufficient welfare
facilities are provided. These include washing, toilet
and rest facilities.
There is also a requirement for facilities to be made

available for the storage of clothes that are not worn
during working hours, the storage of clothes that are
not taken home and for changing clothes when specialist
clothing is required to be worn at the work place.
Washing facilities on site should include hot and cold water, soap and basins
large enough to wash forearms.
Do not abuse these facilities ensure you keep them clean and tidy, and
report any vandalism.
If you are working with hazardous substances such as asbestos or lead,
specialist welfare facilities must be provided.
27
4/2/09 13:02:01
Hand hygiene is essential. The hands are the

most likely part of the body to come into contact
with harmful substances. Failure to take basic
INTRODUCTION
HAND HYGIENE
precautions can lead to skin complaints.
Dirty hands should be cleaned using proper supplied
skin cleansing products. Do not clean hands with
white spirit, thinners, petrol, turpentine etc.
Always ensure that you wash your hands after a visit to the toilet
Always ensure that your hands are clean before handling food.
Anyone who prepares food for others must have been trained in food
hygiene procedures.
Failure to observe basic hygiene precautions could lead to food poisoning,
which at worst can be fatal.
28
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CHEMICALS /
INTRODUCTION
DERMITITIS
Health problems can occur through inhalation of

certain chemicals and ingestion, some areas of
the roofing industry can expose workers to skin
conditions such as dermatitis, work-induced
skin irritation of the hands, arms, face, and lower
extremities are the most common affected areas.
Roofers endure greater exposure to chemicals and skin

damage than some other trades. Certain components e.g.
cement, bitumen, and hot bitumen burns. Hydrocarbons in bitumen can be
absorbed through the skin. Skin exposure should be lowered by keeping
the tools, working clothes, shoes, and gloves clean. Overalls and gloves are
recommended to be changed at least once a week. Water laundering is not
sufficient in dissolving bitumen from overalls and underwear. Cleaning the
skin with solvents is not recommended, as they are skin irritants.
Certain substances are known to cause severe dermatitis, Direct skin
contact with these chemicals should be avoided; suitable gloves and overalls
should be worn when handling potentially hazardous materials.
Training on how to treat exposure should be given by your employer, you
must tell your supervisor if you see any early signs of dermatitis.
29
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Dust
HAZARDS
Too much dust of any kind can adversely affect your

health.
Breathing in dusts has been known to cause
development of respiratory ill health, in particular
damage to the lung tissue which can result in serious
breathing difficulties, depending on the extent of exposure.
Working with certain materials can cause fragments and dust to enter the
eye and cause severe eye injuries. Goggles should be worn at all times to
prevent dust particles entering the eye, and the correct type of dust mask to
prevent dust entering the body.
Proper dust extraction equipment should be used, hire companies can
provide details on the latest equipment such as wet systems or methods
available to prevent dust exposure.
30
4/2/09 13:02:02
INTRODUCTION
ASBESTOS
Breathing asbestos dust can cause serious damage

to the lungs and cause cancer. There is no known
cure for asbestos related diseases.
Many buildings built or refurbished before the mid

1980s contain asbestos. Asbestos containing
materials should be indemnified before work
commences to prevent inadvertent exposure to
asbestos. Asbestos insulation board, asbestos
coatings and asbestos insulation should only be removed by a licensed
contractor.
If you suspect you have been exposed to asbestos or you have identified it
on site tell your supervisor or person in charge immediately
31
4/2/09 13:02:02
MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
HANDLING
Make sure you have been trained correctly as you

could suffer from back injury and long term pain if
you regularly lift or carry loads.
All loads if possible to be transported and lifted to

scaffold or work area using lifting equipment such
as a telescopic Handler etc.
Provision of lifting/loading bay agreed.
Materials to be covered with tarpaulin when stored on
site to prevent taking up water.
Trolley to be used if possible for moving loads around the scaffold or
work area.
Check for any loads over 20kg and make lifting arrangements.
Any loads over 20kg, should be positioned using suitable lifting
equipment used by trained persons
Avoid awkward postures or repetitive tasks, or take frequent breaks
Learn safe lifting techniques as it is not just the weigh of a load that
can cause injury, light loads if not lifted correctly can also cause
problems.
Keep work areas clear of clutter and equipment.
Use and maintain PPE correctly
There is a risk of pain or injury from working in awkward positions,
performing repetitive tasks, or lifting.
Apply the following to help prevent injury

Avoid lifting manually where possible; use a lifting aid or device where
practical to do so.
Bend your knees; use the strong leg muscles instead of your back.
One foot slightly in front of the other use a good stance for stability
Keep the load close to your body
Check the load for stability and look out for sharp edges
Assess the weight of the load and if satisfied lift smoothly.
Dont twist your body, use your feet to change direction.
Look out for tripping hazards
prior to lifting or carrying a load,
plan your route.
If in doubt dont lift get help or
speak to your supervisor.
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All hand tools and equipment should be visually

checked for faults before use, if using electrical
powered equipment a Residual Current Device
POWER
AND
INTRODUCTION
(RCD) connection should be used or equipment
HAND TOOLS
should be 110 volt or battery operated;
Dont use a chisel with a mushroom head as particles
can fly off and enter the eye or other parts of the body,
always use a hand protection grip and gloves, ensure
the mushroomed head is ground off safely by using eye protection and
grinding in a safe area.
Ensure tools are used correctly and as intended by the manufacture, dont
get involved in horseplay.
Do not use power tools unless you have been trained and authorised to do
so.
Ensure you report any defects and that all equipment is inspected before
and after use.
Your employer should ensure that a maintenance record is available and
kept up to date, power tools should be pat tested.
33
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What is Hand-Arm Vibration?

HAND-ARM
VIBRATION
INTRODUCTION
SYNDROME
(HAVS)
Hand-arm vibration is vibration transmitted onto

your hands and arms when you use hand-held
powered work equipment such as concrete saws.
Prolonged vibration is known to affect blood vessels,
nerves, muscles, tendons and other body parts.
The main complaint arising from continued vibration from hand tools is
Vibration White Finger (VWF), in which surface blood vessels become
damaged, resulting in circulatory problems, pain and in the worse cases
gangrene.
When Are You at Risk?
You are at risk if you regularly use hand-held or hand guided power tools and
machines such as:
Chainsaws
Sanders, grinders.
Drills.
Hammers
Saws
How You Can Help Reduce the Risks
It is your employers responsibility to protect your welfare, but you should
help by asking your employer if your job could be done in a different way
without using vibrating tools and machines. If this cannot happen:
Ask to use suitable low-vibration tools.
Always use the right tool for each job (to do the
job more quickly and expose you to less hand-arm
vibration).
Check tools before using them to make sure
they have been properly maintained and
repaired to avoid increased vibration caused
by faults or general wear.
Make sure cutting tools are kept sharp so that
they remain efficient.
Reduce the amount of time you use a tool in
one go, by doing other jobs in between.
34
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Avoid gripping or forcing a tool or work piece more than you have to.
Store tools so that they do not have very cold handles when next used.
Encourage good blood circulation by:
Keeping warm and dry (when necessary, wear gloves, a hat,
waterproofs and use heating pads if available).
Giving up or cutting down on smoking because smoking reduces blood
flow.
Massaging and exercising your fingers during work breaks.
35
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From use of equipment e.g. concrete saws, chain

saws, planers, machinery etc. if using this type of
equipment or working near others doing so you
INTRODUCTION
NOISE
could suffer hearing loss.
Machines should be inspected for noise to ensure

all panels and guards are correctly fitted and not rattling
or vibrating, machines can be sited on noise absorbing materials to
reduce noise.
Other machines should be sited far enough away from each other so
as to reduce noise and provide more work space.
Tell your supervisor if you think that noise is a problem on your site or
machine shop.
Noise assessment to be implemented if noise is a problem
Hearing protection if required should be worn and maintained, noise
induced hearing problems, including deafness, are all too common in the
construction industry. Very often the attitude has been that it is all part of the
job. Report defective machinery, bearings that are not properly greased can
increase noise levels; loose panels can also increase noise levels.
36
4/2/09 13:02:03
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRICITY
Electric shock is a major hazard on a building site,

a 240 volt supply is often enough to kill a person,
which is way 110 volt supplies are used. If 110
volt supply cannot be used always use a Residual
Current Devise
Dont take chances with electricity cables, treat all
cables as live until you know otherwise
If using powered hand tools make sure that the supply voltage is correct for
the equipment
If using MEWP (cherry pickers) or Telescopic Handlers beware of the danger
of death, treat ever cable as live until informed officially otherwise, do not
work near overhead power lines with these machines.
All plugs and leads are in good condition a free from defect.
Ensure only correct fuses are used no nails
Dont make any temporary repairs, have those that are trained repair all
equipment.
Keep cables off the ground whenever possible; do not let them run through
water, wet areas or mud
If cables have to be on the ground ensure that they are protected from
damage and not a trip hazard.
Keep extension leads as short as possible
Do not use extension leads that are still wound on a reel
as the cable can melt due to heat build up
Do not use insulating tape to cover breaks on a
cable, have it repaired, all electrical equipment
must be inspected and tested before use.
(RCD) connection, but make sure it is tested.
37
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STRUCK OR
CRUSHED
INTRODUCTION
BY MOVING
VEHICLES ON
SITE
You could suffer serious or even fatal injuries from

vehicles and machines on site particularly when
they are reversing.
Make sure that you only walk to your work area on a

safe agreed route.
Report to your supervisor if this route becomes blocked.
Wear your High visibility vests at all times.
Never use your mobile phone on or near a route provided for vehicles
or plant as you could be struck or run over.
Never approach a machine operator from behind his/her

vehicle as you could be crushed.
Never except a lift on an item of plant unless a
proper passenger seat has been fitted by the
machine manufacture for this purpose
38
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Too much sunlight is harmful to your skin.

SUN
INTRODUCTION
EXPOSURE
In the short term, even mild reddening of the skin

from sun exposure is a sign of damage. Sunburn
can blister the skin and make it peel.
Longer term problems can arise. Too much sun

speeds up ageing of the skin, making it leathery,
mottled and wrinkled. The most serious effect is an
increased chance of developing skin cancer.
What can you do to protect yourself?
Keep your shirt or top on.
Wear a hat with a brim or a flap that covers the ears and the back of
the neck.
Stay in the shade whenever possible, during your breaks and
especially at lunch time.
Use a high factor sunscreen of at least SPF15 on any exposed skin.
Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
Check your skin regularly for any unusual moles or spots. See a doctor
promptly if you find anything that is changing in shape, size or color,
itching or bleeding
39
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Confined spaces include: SAFETY IN

INTRODUCTION
CONFINED
SPACES
shafts
tunnels
sewers
cellars and basements
ceiling voids
boilers
deep excavations
attics
Confined spaces can be a high risk activity and

cause death and serious injury if proper control
methods are not followed.
Entry into a confined space to carry out work that could be done on the
outside should never be allowed.
You should never enter a confined space unless in is absolutely necessary to
do so and never unless you have received adequate training.
Never enter a confined space unless a risk assessment has been carried
out, emergency procedures are in place and a permit to work has been
issued.
If no provision has been put in place to rescue you should anything go wrong
do not enter.
Those that could be killed include not only people working in confined
spaces but those who try to rescue them without proper training and
equipment.
Dangers can arise in confined spaces because of a lack of oxygen. This can
occur due to a build up of gases in the space.
As with excavations, do not site petrol or diesel-engined equipment such as
generators or compressors in, or near the edge of, a confined space unless
fumes can be ducted away or the area can be ventilated.
Confined spaces should only be entered if a permit to
work or enter has been issued, ask questions if in
doubt, ask about the emergency procedures, has
the equipment been inspected have all persons
been trained, was the training adequate and
provided by a competent person.
Remember an excavation can also be a confined
space.
40
4/2/09 13:02:04
SAFETY IN
INTRODUCTION
EXCACATIONS
Warn others of the dangerous of excavations and

stay alert as you could fall into excavations and/or
overturn mewps and other machinery in to them.
Every year, people are killed or seriously injured

when working in excavations. Excavation work has
to be properly planned, managed, supervised and
carried out to prevent accidents. This guide provides
advice for those involved in excavation work.
Before anyone enters an excavation they should ask.

Are the sides protected from collapse, or have they been battered
back, do not go into unsupported trenches.
Remember that even work in shallow trenches can be dangerous. You
may be bent down or kneeling in the trench.
Could materials fall into the excavation or on top of you?
Could people and/or vehicles fall into the excavation?
Will you be a safe distance from excavators or other machinery?
Have walls been undermined, could they collapse.
How are you going to get in and out safely, has a ladder been provided
and secured, do not climb over the sides of the excavation.
Ask about underground services, has a risk assessment been done.
Exhaust fumes from machinery can settle in excavations as the fumes
are heavier than air, you could be overcome by fumes and collapse
Do not site petrol or diesel-engined equipment such as generators or
compressors in, or near the edge of, an excavation unless fumes can
be ducted away or the area can be ventilated.
Weils disease from rats urine can cause health problems and in
extreme cases death, always use the correct type of gloves to protect
your hands including wet suits and boots.
Always wear a hard hat just in case.
Remember an excavation can be classed as
working at height as you could fall into the
trench
Ask if the excavation has been
inspected, look for evidence as
follows.
41
4/2/09 13:02:04
Has a competent person inspected the excavation:

At the start of each shift before work begins.
After any event likely to have affected the strength or stability of the
excavation.
After any accidental fall of rock, earth or other material.
Remember that a cubic metre of soil weighs over a tonne; A person buried
under this amount in a trench would quickly suffocate & die.
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Make sure you are provided with PPE if it is required,

PPE should always be the last resort in preventing
accidents as it is always better to remove the risk
completely, but where this is not possible PPE
should be worn.
PPE could be hard hats for head protection, high

visability vests or jackets, ear protection such as full ear
muffs or if suitable plugs, safety boots or shoes, overalls etc.
Always ensure that PPE is cleaned, maintained and replaced when
necessary, speak to your supervisor or supplier for further guidance on the
replacement of certain PPE such as ear muffs and hard hats.
42
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FIRE
Every year there are reports of fires and explosions

which severely damage or destroy premises or
plant. A potential fire hazard is using a blowlamp
to melt bitumen, misuse can lead to explosion or
damage, and you need to follow guidelines
relating to the use of blowlamps as
materials can be ignited.
If involved in hot works make sure that

a risk assessment has been completed and that all
approved methods are followed, ensure the correct fire
extinguishers are available and that adequate training
has been provided where necessary.
Do not put yourself or others at risk, ensure that you or
someone calls the fire service and only fight fires if you
have been trained to do so, all persons evacuated should
make their way to a designated muster point.
There have been numerous fires started due either to badly maintained
motors, electric sparks, or due to open wood burning stoves and cigarettes.
Make sure that all equipment is cleaned and that dust is not allowed to
accumulate, report any defects you see on equipment.
First aid provision is all about treating an injured person
immediately and contacting the emergency services if
need be. In extreme cases it saves lives.
FIRST AID
All sites should have a sufficient number of trained

first aid persons in keeping with the risks and the
numbers employed.
The name of the nominated first aider(s)

should be posted in the canteen and other
prominent position. Remember the name.
The first aider should be the first person contacted in the
event of an injury or health problem on site.
43
4/2/09 13:02:05
CITB
The purpose of CITB is to encourage the adequate training of those
employed in, or intending to be employed in, the construction industry in NI,
by establishing the training needs of the industry, encouraging and advising
the industry to train and ensuring the adequate provision and standard of
training in the industry.
Through Legislation CITB is authorised to raise a levy from the N.I.
construction industry to fund its activities and services that aim to encourage
adequate training.
The levy is redistributed through CITB grants, and other activities including
training advice & support from the regional advisory team, recruitment &
education, research, standards & training division TASC.
For further Information about health & safety training and publications
contact CITB at:
Construction Industry Training Board
Nutts Corner Training Centre
Tel: 028 9082 5466
Fax: 028 9082 5693
Email: info@citbni.org.uk
www.citbni.org.uk
44
4/2/09 13:02:05
ConstructionSkills in N.I.
ConstructionSkills is the Sector Skills Council for the industry from
professional consultancies to major contractors and SMEs. Established as a
Sector Skills Council in 2003, ConstructionSkills is working to deliver a safe,
professional
ConstructionSkills is a partnership between CIC, CITB NI and CITB ConstructionSkills. All three partners are committed to working together
to deliver industry-led skills and training solutions through the Sector Skills
Agreement for construction. We work to negotiate the best partnership and
funding deals for the construction industry to help raise standards and we
develop the skills products and services employers need.
This booklet is supported by the Health & Safety Executive N.I. (HSENI) and
the National Federation of Roofing Contractors (NFRC).
For further information about the role of ConstructionSkills in N.I. and the
current projects contact:
Tel: 028 90408240
Fax: 028 90408254
www.constructionskillsni.org.uk
45
4/2/09 13:02:05

Nutts Corner Training Centre
17 Dundrod Road
Crumlin
Co. Antrim
BT 29 4SR
Tel: 028 9082 5466
Fax: 028 9082 5693
Email: info@citbni.org.uk
www.citbni.org.uk
CITB - Construction Skills, CIC and CITB (NI) are working in partnership as the Sector Skills Council for Construction.
Part of the Skills for Business Network of 25 employer led Sector Skills Councils.
4/2/09 13:02:05

Health and Safety Advice For Roofers

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What are some of the health and safety risks roofers may face on site?

What are some of the health and safety risks roofers may face on site?

What are some pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) roofers should use?

What are some pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) roofers should use?

HEALTH AND SAFETY

ADVICE FOR ROOFERS

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd 1

Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is intended to provide general

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd 2

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:1

This booklet is part of a range that have been

Falls from height

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:2

Working in the construction industry is both rewarding and satisfying but

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:3

Your trade provides a valuable service to the

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:4

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:5

Your health, safety and welfare at work are protected

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:6

Workers: roles and responsibilities

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:7

A number of initiatives have been launched to

BuildHealth was launched to improve the health of

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:8

CITB encourages the adequate training of all those

This is not an exhaustive list and other training

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:9

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:10

Working on roofs is dangerous and falls account for

Accidents occur to those who are building roofs and to

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:11

Getting on and off the roof.

Previous Cases Where Death and Injury Have Occured

Contractor falls when working on a ladder which is not secured

Factors that may cause a worker to fall include sudden movement,

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:12

People who erect scaffolds have legal responsibilities.

A man died five days after falling through a fragile

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:13

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:14

Think before you work

As stated when working on roofs serious or even

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:15

The ladder should be angled to minimise the risk

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:16

Remember scaffolding should be inspected after

Dont leave tripping hazards like this.

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:17

Also referred to as cherry pickers.

It should not be assumed that qualified staff,

Always inspect machine before use

Beware of a wind funnelling effect between buildings

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:18

Alloy Tower scaffolds are used widely in the

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:19

Can cause injury to your head, body and feet,

Brick guards kept in position on scaffold lifts.

07457 Roofers HS booklet.indd Sec1:20