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    Kuychi Wasi, Cuncani and Q'ali Warma

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    Nexos Voluntarios
    Nexos Voluntarios is a Peruvian non-profit that works to promote sustainable human development in indigenous communities. It believes development should focus on community health and be led by communities. Its lunch box programs assess children's health and work with communities to address deficiencies, in contrast to Peru's national school feeding program which prioritizes wealth indicators and centralized management. A case study found the community-based model improved children's nutrition more effectively. The conclusion is that an approach focused on local health needs and community leadership better promotes equal and sustainable development.

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    Kuychi Wasi, Cuncani and Q'ali Warma

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    Nexos Voluntarios
    262 views19 pages
    Nexos Voluntarios is a Peruvian non-profit that works to promote sustainable human development in indigenous communities. It believes development should focus on community health and be led by communities. Its lunch box programs assess children's health and work with communities to address deficiencies, in contrast to Peru's national school feeding program which prioritizes wealth indicators and centralized management. A case study found the community-based model improved children's nutrition more effectively. The conclusion is that an approach focused on local health needs and community leadership better promotes equal and sustainable development.

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    Presented at Pegasus Conference (Toronto, 2014)

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    Nexos Voluntarios is a Peruvian non-profit that works to promote sustainable human development in indigenous communities. It believes development should focus on community health and be led by communities. Its lunch box programs assess children's health and work with communities to address deficiencies, in contrast to Peru's national school feeding program which prioritizes wealth indicators and centralized management. A case study found the community-based model improved children's nutrition more effectively. The conclusion is that an approach focused on local health needs and community leadership better promotes equal and sustainable development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    262 views19 pages

    Kuychi Wasi, Cuncani and Q'ali Warma

    Uploaded by

    Nexos Voluntarios
    Nexos Voluntarios is a Peruvian non-profit that works to promote sustainable human development in indigenous communities. It believes development should focus on community health and be led by communities. Its lunch box programs assess children's health and work with communities to address deficiencies, in contrast to Peru's national school feeding program which prioritizes wealth indicators and centralized management. A case study found the community-based model improved children's nutrition more effectively. The conclusion is that an approach focused on local health needs and community leadership better promotes equal and sustainable development.

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    of 19

    COMMUNITY-BASED RESPONSIBLE HUMAN

    DEVELOPMENT MODEL: HOW IMPROVING HEALTH IS


    THE FIRST STEP IN PROMOTING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
    M A R I C A R M E N V A L D I V I E S O : E X E C U T I V E D I R E C T O R , N E X O S V O L U N TA R I O S
    L A U R E N T - C H A R L E S T R E M B L A Y - L E V E S Q U E : N U T R I T I O N A N D E D U C AT I O N I N T E R N
    N E X O S V O L U N TA R I O S

    AN INTRODUCTION TO NEXOS VOLUNTARIOS


    Nexos Voluntarios (NeVo)
    A global community creating bonds for Human Development
    u NeVo is a Peruvian Non-Profit Organization that works in the Upper-Andes, primarily
    with indigenous Quechua speaking communities.
    uNeVo receives support from committed and caring volunteers from different parts
    of the world who are interested in serving communities that require support in order
    to have a better life and improving the wellbeing of its members and children.
    uNeVo aims to provide a human development to those who most need it as well as
    striving to learn about different cultures.
    u5 development projects: (1) responsible community tourism initiative; (2) lunch box
    programs; (1) Initiative against discrimination; and (1) reproductive health program.

    NEXOS VOLUNTARIOS MODEL

    INTRODUCTION
    Nexos Voluntarios vision:
    The promotion of a sustainable human development should:
    (1) Focus on the health of individuals; and
    (2) Be community-based (centered and led).
    Competing narratives on how to promote a sustainable human development in Peru:
    National government of
    Peru:
    (1) Key variable: wealth
    (2) Nationally centered &
    regionally led;
    center to periphery;
    one fits all solution i.e. the
    magic bullet

    Goal:
    Promoting a
    sustainable
    human
    development
    in Peru.

    Nexos Voluntarios
    (1) Key variable: health
    (2) Community-centered
    & community led;
    periphery to center;
    local solutions to local
    problems

    HOW TO PROMOTE A SUSTAINABLE HUMAN


    DEVELOPEMNT
    Case Study: child development
    National government of
    Peru:
    Qali Warma national
    school feeding program
    (1) Driven by wealth
    indicators
    (2) Centrally designed but
    regionally managed

    Goal:
    Improve the
    development
    of Peruvian
    children.

    Nexos Voluntarios:
    Kuychi Wasi and the
    Cuncani lunch boxprograms
    (1) Driven by health
    indicators
    (2) Community managed

    BASIC INFORMATION ON CHILD


    MALNUTRITION IN PERU
    Accurate portrait of children undernutrition in Peru
    Concensus on child
    undernutrition effects:
    1- Negative effects on the
    physical development of a
    child (e.g. underweight,
    stunted, wasted).
    2- Negative effects on the
    child mental development
    (e.g. ability to learn, to
    communicate, to develop an
    analytical thinking, socialize
    and to adapt to new
    environments.)

    Statistic:
    27.5% of children 17 and under
    suffer from chronic
    undernutrition (WHO, 2009)

    Source: http://www.unscn.org/layout/modules/resources/files/
    Malnutrition_in_Infants_and_Young_Children_in_LAC,__Achieving_the_MDGs.pdf

    INTRODUCING QALI WARMA


    The Qali Warma National School Feeding Program (2012-present)
    Mission:
    Provide rich, varied and nutritious food to children who attend kindergarten (from 3 years old)
    and primary public schools across the country.
    Goal:
    (a) Promote a healthy physical development
    (b) Promote a better mental development by improving
    attention in class, attendance and retention.
    Aid components:
    Food: Products for a daily breakfast and lunch.
    Education: Information and technical assistance.
    Reach:
    Currently: 2.7 million children in more than 47 thousand public schools.
    By 2016: 3.8 million children i.e. the entire child population attending public schools.
    Cost:
    330 000 000$ in 2013
    Method:
    Cogestion model State, private sector, parents

    QALI WARMA
    (1) DRIVEN BY WEALTH INDICATORS
    How does QW determine what does a school receive?
    Wealth indicators
    Peru has 1836 districts, each of them are assigned to an income quintile by the INEI (according to
    absolute and relative poverty).
    Poorest (Q1 and Q2) receive products which are sufficient for the provision of a daily breakfast
    and lunch.
    Example: Yanahuara and Cuncani elementary schools are part of Urubamba district
    = 1248/1836 poorest or Q4 entitled to light breakfasts only (bread and jam with
    porridge) vs Lares 1/1836 (97.5% absolute poverty) entitled to maximum aid.
    Theoretical foundation (Amartiya Sens theory of famine)
    Entitlement failure (production and/or exchange)

    Poverty

    Child
    undernutrition

    Aid provided
    on the basis
    of relative
    wealth

    What is crucial in analyzing hunger is the substantive freedom of the individual or the family to
    establish ownership over an adequate amount of food, which can be done either by growing
    the food themselves (as pesants do), or by buying it in the market (as nongrowers of food do).
    (Sen, 1999)

    QALI WARMA:
    (2) CENTRALLY DESIGNED BUT REGIONALLY MANAGED
    Ministry of Finance and economy
    (MEF)

    Ministry of Development and Social


    Inclusion(MIDIS)

    Cuna Mas

    Pension 65

    Q'ali Warma

    Juntos

    Foncondes

    Executive Unit (Lima)


    -National Campaigns
    -Macro management of regional offices
    National Institute for Statistics and
    Information (INEI)

    Qali Warmas
    structure

    Regional Offices (27)


    -Register schools
    -Manage the Procurement Committees
    -Employ the Nutritionists

    Ministry of
    Education

    Procurement Committees (111)


    -Representative of the local government
    -Regional Health Network
    -Parents representative
    -Others (e.g. Municipal Agent of Development)

    Ministry of Health
    (CENAN), National
    Center for Food and
    Nutrition

    Food provigding
    compagnies
    -Produce and
    distribute

    School Nutrition
    Committees
    (47803)
    -Director
    -Parents (2)
    -Receive, store,
    prepare food

    Students of
    public
    kindergartens and
    primary schools

    QUESTIONING QW:
    (1) DRIVEN BY WEALTH INDICATORS
    Improvement in anthropometric
    indicators vis--vis wealth indicators
    Are wealthier regions more
    successful at reducing stunting than
    less well-off regions?
    In Peru, many of the poorest regions,
    for example, Puno and Huanuco,
    showed large increases in stunting
    prevalence between 1996 and
    2004-08. However, there were poor
    regions throughout Peru that saw
    decreases in stunting (for example
    Loreto and Ayacucho), at the same
    time, richer regions such as Arequipa
    and Moquegua, had increases in
    stunting prevalence.

    Source: http://www.unscn.org/layout/modules/resources/files/
    Malnutrition_in_Infants_and_Young_Children_in_LAC,__Achieving_the_MDGs.pdf

    QUESTIONING QW:
    (1) DRIVEN BY WEALTH INDICATORS
    Yanahuara and Cuncani: QWs perspective
    1/1836
    poorest

    1248/1836
    poorest

    http://www.perutreks.com/images/lares-trek-quishuarani-huilloc.gif

    http://www.map-peru.com/es/mapas/Cusco-Urubamba

    QUESTIONING QW:
    (1) DRIVEN BY WEALTH INDICATORS
    Yanahuara and Cuncani: QWs perspective
    Cuncani

    Yanahuara

    QUESTIONING QW:
    (2) CENTRALLY DESIGNED BUT REGIONALLY MANAGED
    Yanahuara:
    Weekly deliveries
    Example of daily breakfast/products received:
    Bread and egg
    Bread and jam and/or caramel
    Crackers and cheese
    Breakfast provided every day

    Cuncani:
    One delivery per semester
    Breakfast/products received:
    White bread, oats, canned milk, caramel and
    sugar
    Products distributed to the community

    NEVO LUNCH-BOX PROGRAM:


    (1) DRIVEN BY HEALTH INDICATORS
    Yanahuara and Cuncani: qualitative methods

    NEVO LUNCH-BOX PROGRAM:


    (1) DRIVEN BY HEALTH INDICATORS
    Yanahuara and Cuncani: quantitative methods
    Yanahuara:
    Anthropometric examination:
    - BMI (Stunted, Waisted and Underweight)
    - Water deficiency
    Result: 11/76 (14%) presented at least one deficiency

    Cuncani:
    Health cross-check examination:
    - BMI (Stunted, Waisted and Underweight)
    - Water deficiency
    - Anemia (adjusted hemoglobin levels)
    - Parasites (Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia,
    Entamoeba coli)

    Result: 65/67 (97%) presented at least one deficiency

    NEVO LUNCH-BOX PROGRAM:


    (2) COMMUNITY-BASED
    Yanahuara:
    Weekly deliveries, prepared by parents of the community
    Complementing QW with 3 meals per week:

    Monday: Chicken with rice and tarwi


    Wednesday: Mashed pumpkin with salad
    Thursday: Qinoa soup with peas and vegetables

    NEVO LUNCH-BOX PROGRAM:


    (2) COMMUNITY-BASED
    Cuncani:
    Weekly deliveries, prepared by parent of the
    community
    Five meals a week
    Monday: Chaufa con qinoa
    Tuesday: Chicken with rice and tarwi
    Wednesday: Mashed pumpkin with salad
    Thursday: Quinoa soup with peas and vegetables
    Friday: Tuna with rice and vegetables

    CONCLUSION
    Nexos Voluntarios vision:
    The promotion of a sustainable human development should:
    (1) focus on the health of individuals; and
    (2) be community-based.
    Competing narratives on how to promote a sustainable human development in Peru:
    National government of
    Peru: Qali Warma national
    school feeding program
    (1) Driven by wealth/
    poverty indicators at the
    district level
    (2) Centrally designed but
    regionally managed
    Lead to an unsustainable
    and unequal promotion of
    human development

    Goal:
    Improve the
    development
    of Peruvian
    children.

    Nexos Voluntarios: Kuychi


    Wasi and the Cuncani
    lunch box-programs
    (1) Driven by health
    indicators
    (2) Community managed
    Lead to a sustainable and
    adequate promotion of
    human development

    DISCUSSION & QUESTIONS


    Follow up session:
    GLOBAL HEALTH
    INTERNATIONAL
    ETHICS [Muskoka III]
    Innovative Solutions
    to Global Health
    Challenges
    Today 1:00PM
    2:45PM

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