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    Damped Simple Harmonic Motion

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    Ioannis Garoufalidis
    Damped simple harmonic motion occurs when a harmonic oscillator experiences friction or resistance, causing energy dissipation. The motion is described by an equation containing terms for the restoring force (kx), damping force (Rx'), and inertia (mx''). As damping (γ) increases from 0, the oscillation decays exponentially over time and can be underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped. Underdamping shows decaying oscillations, while overdamping shows no oscillations, just monotonic decay.

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    Damped Simple Harmonic Motion

    Uploaded by

    Ioannis Garoufalidis
    77 views15 pages
    Damped simple harmonic motion occurs when a harmonic oscillator experiences friction or resistance, causing energy dissipation. The motion is described by an equation containing terms for the restoring force (kx), damping force (Rx'), and inertia (mx''). As damping (γ) increases from 0, the oscillation decays exponentially over time and can be underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped. Underdamping shows decaying oscillations, while overdamping shows no oscillations, just monotonic decay.

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    Damped Simple Harmonic Motion

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    Damped simple harmonic motion occurs when a harmonic oscillator experiences friction or resistance, causing energy dissipation. The motion is described by an equation containing terms for the restoring force (kx), damping force (Rx'), and inertia (mx''). As damping (γ) increases from 0, the oscillation decays exponentially over time and can be underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped. Underdamping shows decaying oscillations, while overdamping shows no oscillations, just monotonic decay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    77 views15 pages

    Damped Simple Harmonic Motion

    Uploaded by

    Ioannis Garoufalidis
    Damped simple harmonic motion occurs when a harmonic oscillator experiences friction or resistance, causing energy dissipation. The motion is described by an equation containing terms for the restoring force (kx), damping force (Rx'), and inertia (mx''). As damping (γ) increases from 0, the oscillation decays exponentially over time and can be underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped. Underdamping shows decaying oscillations, while overdamping shows no oscillations, just monotonic decay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Lab 5: Damped simple harmonic motion

    Simple harmonic oscillation


    Damped harmonic oscillation

    381 Mechanics

    Simple harmonic oscillation


    Ideal case: no friction

    Hooke's law: F = kx

    Newton's 2nd law: F = mx

    kx = mx

    mx + kx = 0

    
    x + x = 0
    2

    k
    =
    m
    2
    m
    T=
    = 2

    k
    2

    solution: x = A cos (t + )

    A : Amplitude

    : phase

    Simple harmonic oscillation (cont.)

    displacement: x = A cos (t + )
    velocity: v = x = A sin (t + )

    v =A cos t + +
    2

    cos

    sin

    +
    =

    accelaration: a =
    x = A cos (t + )
    2

    a =A cos (t + + )
    2

    cos ( + ) = cos

    Force: F = ma =Am cos (t + + ) = kx


    2

    x
    v
    a

    x, v, a

    -1

    time

    Phase space plot (v vs. x)

    0.5

    0.0

    -0.5
    -1.0

    -0.5

    0.0
    x

    0.5

    1.0

    Non-ideal spring (mass)

    k
    m

    How should we consider


    the effect of finite spring
    mass?

    Damped simple harmonic oscillation


    Friction: retarding motion (energy dissipation)

    Hooke's law: F1 = kx

    Damping force: F2 = Rx kx Rx = mx


    Newton's 2nd law: F = mx

    mx + Rx + kx = 0
    2
    
    x + 2 x + x = 0
    Assume a solution: x = e

    k
    R
    =
    , =
    m
    2m
    t

    + 2 +

    )=0

    Damped simple harmonic oscillation (cont.)

    + 2 + = 0
    2

    =
    2

    x=e

    ( Ae

    *t

    + Be

    *t

    * = 2 2

    underdamping: < * = i 2 2

    2
    2
    critical damping: =0 * = 0
    overdamping: 2 > 2 * = 2 2
    0

    2
    0

    Damped harmonic oscillation (underdamping)


    let's define 1
    2

    x ( t ) = e t ( Aei1t + A * e i1t )

    C i
    B is replaced by A* because x is a real function. let A = e
    2

    C t i1t +i
    i1t i
    x (t ) = e (e
    +e
    )
    2

    e +e
    using Eular's formula cos x =
    2
    ix

    x ( t ) = Ce

    cos (1t + )

    ix

    Damped harmonic oscillation (underdamping)

    x ( t ) = Ce

    cos (1t + )

    1 = 2 2

    x ( 0 ) = 1; v ( 0 ) = 0

    1.0

    0.5

    0.0

    <0

    -0.5

    -1.0
    0

    10

    20

    time (arb. unit)

    30

    40

    Damped harmonic oscillation


    1.2
    1.0

    =10
    =
    =0.1

    0.8
    0.6
    0.4

    0.2
    0.0
    -0.2
    -0.4
    -0.6
    -0.8
    -1.0
    0

    10

    20

    30

    Time

    40

    50

    Damped harmonic oscillation (underdamping)

    x = Ce

    cos (1t + )
    x
    v
    a

    =0.1

    1.0

    0.5
    0.0
    -0.5
    -1.0
    0

    time

    10

    15

    Approaching the ideal limit


    2
    2
     0

    2.0

    =0.01

    1.5

    x
    v
    a

    1.0
    x

    0.5
    0.0
    -0.5
    -1.0
    -1.5
    0

    10
    time

    15

    20

    Phase space plot (v vs. x)


    1.0

    =0.1

    0.5
    0.0
    -0.5
    -1.0
    -1.0

    -0.5

    0.0
    x

    0.5

    1.0

    Detection: ultrasonic motion detector

    r = vt 2

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