DFT Guidance Home Zones

HOME ZONES
Challenging the future of our streets
Contents
Contents
Ministerial foreword
Introduction
The process
Community involvement
32
Design
64
Implementation
72
What has been achieved?
78
Appendix A Case Study: The use of 3D visualisation

in public involvement at Wilmot Drive, Staffordshire
90
Appendix B Home Zone information sources
94
CD-ROM Home Zones Challenge Scheme Summaries
Home Zones now in place around the country
can inspire communities, local authorities
and developers.
The streets we all use every day can have a huge effect on our
lives. Streets that are safe and attractive places for people to live
and work need to be the rule, not the exception. Everyone has a
right to live in a decent neighbourhood, a place where children
can play safely, and where there is a sense of community, pride
and common purpose. Home Zones: Challenging the future of
our streets demonstrates that Home Zones can contribute to
these goals.
Home Zones help restore the balance between traffic and

communities. This in turn can help make streets safer, more
sociable, and better places to live in.
Our Home Zones Challenge programme has demonstrated what
benefits can be delivered and highlighted issues to be considered
when developing Home Zones. In Home Zones: Challenging the
future of our streets we have drawn together these lessons, and
it complements design guidance already published. It is not
intended to be a design manual that provides a blueprint for
Home Zones. Every scheme will, and should, be different.
Where successfully implemented, Home Zones have led to
stronger, more vibrant and diverse communities, fewer empty
properties and even reduced crime. One notable example is in
Morice Town in Plymouth. Here residents say that their Home
Zone has generated a new feeling of community and is improving
the quality of life, making local journeys safer and contributing to
the well being of the local population. This scheme has made a
real difference to the area.
If we are to achieve such quality of life changes, residents must
be involved in the Home Zone design process. Experience clearly
shows that the key to achieving a successful Home Zone is to
involve the local community from the outset so that it reflects the
needs and concerns of residents young and old alike.
Home Zones now in place around the country can inspire
communities, local authorities and developers. We want to see
Home Zone principles developed as common practice in urban
design and for Home Zones to become a model for residential
streets both in existing communities and in new developments.
Derek Twigg
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State
1 Introduction
The Prime Minister announced a 30 million
Challenge fund in April 2001 to encourage
the development of new Home Zone
schemes in England.
1.1 This document
This document disseminates good practice in Home Zone design
and scheme development, drawing particularly on the experience
gathered from the Home Zones Challenge. It complements the
Institute of Highway Incorporated Engineers (IHIE) Home Zone
Design Guidelines published in 2002.
Introduction
1.2 Development of Home Zones

Shortcomings in the urban environment, and their impact on
communities, have led authorities in a number of European
countries to look for new solutions. They have tried to tackle a
range of environmental, social and transport issues by integrating
highway and urban design. The result is residential streets
designed primarily to meet the needs of all pedestrians, cyclists
and local residents, opening them up for social use, whilst still
allowing vehicle access.
Inspiration for this approach originally came from the Buchanan
Report, Traffic in Towns, published in 1963. This recognised
Dutch woonerf scheme
the conflict between providing for easy traffic flow and

the destruction of the residential and architectural fabric of
the street.
In 1969, the Dutch city of Delft first introduced a design which
integrated footways and carriageways into one surface, creating
a shared environment where childrens play and other social
activities could take place as well as vehicle movements.
This is known in the Netherlands as a woonerf or living yard.
Similar shared-space designs were subsequently implemented
in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, France, and Switzerland. In the
UK, such streets are known as Home Zones.
1.3 What is a Home Zone?

Home Zones are a relatively new concept in the UK. They aim
to extend the benefits of slow traffic speeds within residential
areas and give greater priority to non-motorised users.
Importantly, they use design to limit vehicles to very low speeds,
well below 20mph. The aim is to improve the quality of life in
residential roads by making them places for people, instead of
just being thoroughfares for vehicles. This should encourage
people to use streets in different ways. Drivers should feel that
the car is a guest in the street.
The drive for this type of approach came from organisations such
as the Childrens Play Council and residents groups. They were
concerned that children in particular were denied the opportunity
to play safely around their houses where they could be easily
observed and supervised.
Dutch woonerf scheme
HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets
Also, the increasing use of cars was turning traditional residential

streets into nothing more than car parks. People were becoming
isolated within their own homes, taking no part in, or
responsibility for, the activities that historically have led to strong
and close local communities. The car was seen as a disincentive
to sustainable community life. However, it was not intended that
these schemes would be anti car, merely that the dominance of
the car would be reduced and residents would feel more able to
use the streets as social spaces.
1.4 Home Zones in the UK

Morice Town, Plymouth
It was not until August 1999 that development of the first

nine pilot Home Zone schemes started in England and Wales.
These were shortly followed by four in Scotland. They were led
by local authorities keen to develop an alternative approach to
urban street use, over and above the benefits obtained with
20mph zones. An important aspect of the Home Zones
approach was to involve the local community actively in
their design and development.
These initial schemes were undertaken without additional funding
from central Government, other than a commitment to monitor
the wider social benefits that the schemes provided. These early
pilot schemes seemed to improve substantially the social capital
of the areas, the glue holding communities together.
Northmoor, Manchester
Introduction
1.5 The Home Zones Challenge

The Prime Minister announced a 30 million Challenge fund in
April 2001 to encourage the development of new Home Zone
schemes in England. The Home Zones Challenge built on the
early experience of the pilot schemes. It was intended to
generate a rapid growth in the number of Home Zones in
England, and substantially increase the knowledge base, by
developing the concept further. It was also to act as a catalyst
in encouraging authorities to take an holistic approach, creating
Home Zones as an integral part of the residential environment.
In October 2001, 110 authorities submitted bids for 237
Ashton West End, Tameside
schemes with a total bid value of some 115 million.

The 61 successful schemes from 57 English authorities were
announced in January 2002, for completion by spring 2005.
Schemes varied in size and complexity, and individual grants
ranged from 90,000 to 1.5 million. However, all had a common
theme of improving the quality of life for residents and included a
commitment to involve the community closely in the design
process. Inclusion within the Home Zones Challenge gave
authorities the opportunity to address wider community
concerns and develop schemes that improved the physical
and social capital of the areas.
Normanton, Derby
Portchester, Hampshire
2 The process
There is no blueprint for a Home Zone.
While individual schemes may use similar
elements, each scheme needs to reflect
the communitys aspirations.
2.1 Introduction
The success of a Home Zone can be judged by the extent to
which the people who use the street or live there recognise the
need for the scheme and take ownership of it. Such ownership
largely depends upon effective community participation and
involvement at all stages, from the original selection of the area
The process
through to implementation and beyond. There are wide ranging

means to involve the community in developing a scheme, and
no single approach is the most effective.
In developing schemes, authorities should bear in mind that a
number of stakeholders, not just local residents, will have an
interest. All stakeholders need to be involved throughout the
process. It is important to involve existing organisations and
build on initiatives that are already taking place. Home Zones
are equally applicable to any residential area, new or existing.
Only the approach will vary.
Effective community and stakeholder participation to develop
Telford
a Home Zone scheme is likely to be time consuming.

Authorities will need to make adequate resources available for
this element of scheme development. It is also important that
peoples expectations are realistic as there is little benefit in
encouraging the community to design a scheme that is
physically, legally or financially impossible to implement
or maintain.
2.2 Approach
There is no blueprint for a Home Zone. While individual
schemes may use similar elements, each scheme needs to
reflect the communitys aspirations. The diversity of schemes
within the Home Zones Challenge has led to different
approaches being adopted.
It is important at the outset to identify the aims and objectives
for the scheme. Authorities also need to outline their approach,
together with how they will involve and consult with communities
and fit this within existing processes. Authorities should also
consider ongoing community involvement beyond implementation
of the Home Zone.
Schemes across Europe, including the UK, have focussed on
providing a shared space and initially many Challenge schemes
favoured this. Although they aspired to deliver shared space
throughout, modification by residents and concerns over
defensible space and privacy sometimes meant that kerbs
and footways were kept. In these instances emphasis was
placed on strong gateways to treated areas.
Southampton
10
2.3 Scheme selection

Selecting the area to be treated is one of the most important
steps in the process. It is crucial that the area is appropriate for
Home Zone treatment. It is considered that only roads which are
predominantly residential and either have very low traffic speeds
already (well below 20mph), or have measures applied to bring
speeds down to these levels, are appropriate for consideration
as a Home Zone. Home Zones can be designed as part of new
residential developments, or retrofitted into existing residential
areas by re-designing the streets.
Exeter, Devon model
Understanding the issues

It is important that authorities understand the issues facing
the area. As part of the bid submissions for the Home Zone
Challenge, each authority was required to identify the
characteristics of the chosen areas, and the anticipated
programme of expenditure. These characteristics included
such details as:
traffic flows and accident figures
population
housing mix and density
links to, and significant generators of, walking and cycling
parking density
Staiths South Bank, Gateshead
existing traffic calming and

wider issues of community engagement and organisation.
Defining the area
There are a number of factors to consider in defining the area to
become a Home Zone. There is guidance in the IHIE Home Zone
Design Guidelines. In many instances the community itself and its
natural boundaries will define an appropriate area. A key factor to
bear in mind, however, is the need to sub-divide a large area into
smaller Home Zones in order to get consensus amongst
residents on the design of the scheme.
Within the Challenge schemes, the Home Zones vary from single
streets to, in the majority of the schemes, a network of streets.
The average street length of the 61 schemes is around 670
metres and layouts vary considerably, from compact terraces to
open areas of semi-detached houses covering up to 80 hectares.
The process
The number of households ranges from just 18 in the London

Borough of Haringey scheme to 856 in Derby. In line with the
IHIE Guidelines, schemes involving more than 300 households
have generally been split into phases or reduced in coverage.
Defining the area

Three of the largest Challenge schemes adopted different
approaches to modifying the size of their original schemes.
The Telford scheme is on an estate built in the 1970s, based
on a Radburn layout with a series of culs-de-sac off a 20mph
distributor road. Originally planned to cover six culs-de-sac,
Normanton, Derby before treatment
the Challenge area has been reduced to only two, coupled

with extensive modernisation and reorientation of the houses
so that they face onto the street. It will provide the model for
a multi-million pound modernisation of the whole Woodside
estate over the next 10 years.
Derby was a mix of terraced and semi-detached properties
that fed onto defined distributor roads. Again the original bid
area has been reduced to cover the first two phases of
terraced property.
Bury was a large defined area with several access points, but
very constrained streets. Here the approach was to develop
feature areas at key junctions, whilst relying on the
constraints of the existing streets to keep vehicle speeds low.
Rather than creating 11 separate Home Zones around each
junction, Bury has combined the whole area into a single
Lesson Learnt
Home Zone.
Home Zones work best when areas are contained

within a defined homogeneous area with a clear focus
for the community.
Normanton, Derby after treatment
11
The community
The local community is key to the success of a Home Zone.
Identification
It is critical to identify the community that will be involved in
developing the Home Zone at the outset. All sectors of the
community, particularly groups that are often under-represented
in the decision making process, need to be involved.
Under-represented groups include:
children
young people
people with disabilities (especially those with visual or
hearing impairments, wheelchair users or people with
learning difficulties) and
people from ethnic minority groups.
Many of the Challenge schemes already had an established
residents association with active involvement of residents and,
in general, people taking an interest in their street environment.
Some authorities used existing links to the community, for
example through their housing departments. Other authorities
did not have the community on board or the community was
unaware of the intention to introduce a Home Zone until funding
had been confirmed.
Lesson Learnt
12
It is important to identify and build on the existing

activities within an area. Home Zones are not just
about the physical changes but also about
social engineering.
Schools
Schools can be focal points in the community, attracting and
generating significant daily trips, many on foot or by bicycle.
A Home Zone can be particularly appropriate in these situations
so that parents can allow their children to walk or cycle to school
in a safer environment. Over two thirds of the Challenge schemes
had a school inside or near the Home Zone area. Providing safer
routes to and from schools is therefore an important
consideration in developing Home Zones.
The process
Nottingham
As part of the Kennington Road Home Zone in Nottingham,
a derelict parking area was transformed into a drop and go
zone to serve the primary school within the zone. A new
school entrance was provided with a colourful pathway
protected by Billy bollards.
Kennington Road, Nottingham Billy bollards
Community facilities
It is helpful to use a venue within the proposed Home Zone for
meetings and consultation events. While few of the Challenge
schemes had an established community centre, local libraries,
Lesson Learnt
shops and places of worship were all used as venues.
Active involvement within a clearly defined community is

vitally important to achieve consensus and belief within
the community.
As part of the Challenge scheme in Redruth,

Cornwall, a residents office was provided using
Neighbourhood Renewal funding, as a quick
win to build trust with residents. The office is
now well used as a meeting place for various
community groups. It is also used for computer
training, health groups, police liaison and
other activities.
13
Identifying local concerns

Many existing residential areas were not designed for their
current levels of traffic and parking. The streets have tended to
become extended car parks, often with significant through traffic.
Residents perceive them as dangerous for children. This has
resulted in a breakdown of local communities as families become
isolated within their properties.
Highway pressures are therefore a material consideration.
In the Challenge schemes, the majority of areas identified
pressures such as parking, rat running traffic and congestion.
In some cases local safety was a concern. Home Zones are not
Scunthorpe
primarily safety improvement schemes, but the real or perceived

road and personal safety concerns of residents, particularly with
respect to children and outdoor play, are important.
There are of course non-highway issues that authorities also
need to consider when identifying potential schemes. They will
need to be guided by residents concerns for their area. The
main concerns in the Challenge schemes turned out to be the
feeling of insecurity together with vandalism and graffiti and a
generally poor street environment. Many areas had little greenery
and lacked useable open space. Some residents were
concerned about the lack of childrens play facilities and
inadequate facilities for young adults. However, once the
consultation process was underway, residents usually opted not
to provide formal play facilities or facilities for young adults.
A further concern from residents was the lack of, or inadequacy
of, the street lighting, especially in back alleys. Some Challenge
Scunthorpe, street lighting in back alleys
scheme authorities improved street lighting as a quick win to

get residents on board.
Lesson Learnt
14
It is important to identify all the local concerns at the

outset. Issues that may seem irrelevant to the main
aim of the Home Zone can be fundamental to local
residents and need to be addressed.
The process
2.4 Organisation
Identifying resources
Many of the areas selected for the Challenge were where
communities have, to a greater or lesser extent, become isolated
and insular. As a consequence, they have inevitably been the
subject of a variety of different interventions. Whilst the highway
authority is ultimately responsible for the public highway, other
agencies need to be involved and may even be more
appropriate to take the lead. It is important that authorities
identify the initiatives and lead organisations early on.
Clearly, the majority of the physical works to be undertaken
in a Home Zone will be within the public highway. However,
authorities need to include areas of public space under the
control of other bodies and departments to develop an holistic
approach to the area. Identifying these areas and making sure
that appropriate powers exist to undertake works requires a clear
understanding of the inter-relationship of different activities.
Many Challenge schemes were led by the highways department
with periodic inputs from other agencies. Local authorities that
deliver their responsibilities on an area basis across disciplines
had a better understanding and closer integration of their
schemes. Occasionally the lead role changed through the project
when particular skills were needed. This was not confined to a
single department but worked across the authority.
Multi disciplinary team
The development of Home Zones is an intensive and diverse
exercise. It needs to be clearly organised from the outset,
recognising that a wide range of skills will be needed at
different stages.
The most successful schemes to date have had a dedicated
officer throughout the process who understands the strategic
view as well as the technical aspects of successful delivery.
This central role requires the ability to engage and involve a wide
range of people at different times, maintain communication and
manage different activities.
15
16
For many of the authorities, the Home Zones Challenge involved a

new approach to scheme development heavily orientated to
community involvement, but not always knowing what the final
outcome would be. Indeed, the Challenge schemes in Dover
and Bath were not taken beyond the consultation phase following
representations from the local community and public votes.
Bringing a multi-disciplinary team together that can adequately
cover all eventualities can be difficult. Although a core team will
be needed throughout, there needs to be the capability and
flexibility to involve a range of specialists at different stages.
Timescales and programming
In developing Home Zones, authorities have found that involving
the community is a complex process that needs careful control,
both in terms of timescale and the realism of what can be
delivered. A clear understanding of both achievability and
deliverability is needed.
All the Challenge authorities experienced difficulties in the early
stages. This was in part due to the new approach that was
required, but also to the fact that there were varying degrees of
community engagement. Some followed a traditional approach
of leaflets and notices, whilst others were more innovative.
However, effective community and stakeholder participation to
develop a scheme is time consuming, and the designs will
require more revision and amendment than other traffic schemes.
Detailed programming needs to recognise that this early
development time is vital to a successful scheme. It is repaid in
later cost and time savings, but budgets, programmes and
detailed design need to allow for modifications.
The process
Funding sources
Crucial to any successful scheme is the availability of funds. It is
unlikely that all funding will be available from a single source and
authorities should consider all budgets that are appropriate for
the scheme they hope to develop.
The Home Zones Challenge made available 30 million for the
implementation of the 61 schemes. Many of the authorities
involved identified additional funding from a range of sources.
This resulted in a total budget for the 61 schemes in excess of
50 million.
Telford and Wrekin Borough Council attracted the most additional
Moorside estate, Dewsbury
funding (6.6 million for Phase 1) as part of the Woodside

Regeneration Programme. Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council
increased their scheme budget from the original grant allocation
of 390,000 to 1.8 million by involving Neighbourhood Housing.
Plymouth City Council (one of the original pilot schemes) used a
combination of Single Regeneration and Local Transport Plan
funds as well as the 790,000 Challenge grant to fund the 2.3
million Morice Town scheme.
Other authorities have also used Housing Modernisation or
Renewal funds, but these have not been the only identified
sources. A mixture of local authority capital and revenue funds
such as Local Transport Plan (LTP), lighting, leisure, maintenance,
school and District Council contributions have been used in
addition to Arts, Doorstep Green, central Government grants
and European sources.
The majority of Challenge schemes involved existing streets
(the only completely new build scheme being at Staiths South
Bank, Gateshead), but several have had an element of new
housing either within, or adjacent to, the planned Home Zone.
Lesson Learnt
This has given the opportunity to use direct developer contributions.
While the Home Zones Challenge has now ended,

it is clear that there is a range of funding opportunities
to develop Home Zones.
17
18
Chester
The Chester Home Zone area was subject to considerable
development pressure, being the focus of a number of major
new regeneration proposals. The area comprises 451 homes
with proposals to deliver a further 400 new homes within the
Home Zone over the next five to ten years and 500 more in
the immediate area. The local authority secured contributions
from the developer to make sure that these developments
embrace the Home Zone ethic.
2.5
Programming
Funding timescales
Whilst it is vital to establish realistic funding for the Home Zone,
authorities need to consider the varying timescales over which
different funding regimes operate. This can lead to complications
in programming, as assumptions will need to be made about
what funding is available and when.
As part of their bid submissions, Home Zones Challenge
authorities were asked to identify additional sources of funding.
These could only be indicative as many were also subject to
bid processes, whether external or as part of annual
budget allocations.
The process
As the schemes progressed and the scope of works was

revised, additional funding from a range of sources also
became available.
It is important to recognise that both the funding and scope
of the scheme may not be fixed. It is worthwhile developing a
strategy that can take account of these constraints and
opportunities as they arise. Contingencies and alternative
scenarios need to be built into the programme. Several of the
Challenge authorities realised that a blank sheet approach
can raise expectations that it may not be possible to deliver.
The time needed to develop Home Zones can be a disadvantage
when starting out. It has to be appreciated that the involvement
of different agencies and funding streams will not bring quick
solutions, even for small schemes. The balance between
intensive periods of activity and times when little seems to be
happening must be recognised and planned into the process.
Communication with the various bodies involved, especially the
residents, has to be maintained throughout, with clear timetables
and explanations. Even when there appears to be little tangible
progress, activity in parts of the team can be intense.
Lesson Learnt
This is often not recognised in the conventional planning process.
Schemes always take longer than anticipated.

This needs to be planned for and communicated
at the start in order to get the widest support.
Being realistic
Experience across the Challenge demonstrates that the
authorities involved were over optimistic in their programming
and underestimated how long activities would take, particularly
involving residents in the process. Initial expectations were that
schemes would be completed on a rolling programme
throughout the period. In the event, a few schemes were finished
early, but only 19 were complete at the end of 2004 almost the
end of the Challenge programme. It should be noted that
programme slippage was not always related to the size and
complexity of the scheme.
19
There were some notable successes. Nottingham City Council

had particular problems with overhead cables, unexpected
ground conditions and the quality of some materials, yet still
kept to their intended programme. Wiltshire County Council even
managed to compress their timetable and deliver one scheme
ahead of programme, and the other on time.
Difficulties in keeping to detailed project planning not only leads
to resident frustration, but also undermines the willingness of
those key to the project to commit to involvement over the
longer term.
Lesson Learnt
20
Planning needs to be realistic both in its detail and in

its expectations.
Reading
Reading Borough Council developed a detailed scheme that
was supported by the local community, only to realise that
what was being proposed could not be delivered within the
budget available. The council had to revise the design
radically and personnel changes also resulted in a renewed
emphasis on delivery.
The process
Involving the emergency services and utility companies

As well as involving residents in the design of the Home Zone it is
equally important to involve the emergency services and the utility
companies. Their operational needs can significantly affect the
final design of the scheme and may mean that some of the
features favoured by the community cannot be achieved.
Authorities should involve these organisations from the outset
rather than as part of the statutory consultation process.
This way, many issues can be resolved as the design evolves.
Dover
Emergency services negotiating trial layout
The Fire Service was consulted on the detailed plans for the
Home Zone at a public exhibition. Unfortunately they felt that
the plans were not workable. They insisted upon a clear 3.7m
carriageway so they could quickly access equipment on the
side of vehicles. Modifications to the design reduced the
number of parking spaces. This was a prime consideration
of the residents from the start and led to the scheme
being abandoned.
Changes to the layout of the public space, creating multi-use

spaces, will often involve changes in level and use of footways or
the introduction of landscaping. This is likely to affect apparatus
provided and owned by the utility companies. Initial reactions to
such changes can be modified by early consultation and
discussions. Being realistic about the possibilities and
Lesson Learnt
understanding constraints can ease the process.
Involve the emergency services and utility companies

from the start of the process and keep them informed
as the schemes develop.
21
22
Joined up planning
Home Zones are not just about the physical changes to the
environment, they are also about creating vibrant, sustainable
and safe communities. A change in peoples attitudes to where
they live will be an important element. Schemes need to relate
to their own unique environment and not be treated in isolation.
The spatial planning process can be a good starting point in
recognising the opportunities that Home Zones present.
There is no universal solution. Each scheme is bespoke to the
particular circumstances. Authorities need to consider the area
surrounding the scheme, in particular the planning and
development of facilities and connectivity.
The majority of the Challenge schemes dealt with the
regeneration of existing residential areas. However, many also
considered the wider implications and acted as catalysts for
further development. This ranged from improved housing,
either from new developments or housing associations, to the
introduction of new community facilities. The provision of art
and facilities for children, women and older people has been
particularly successful in support of the physical changes.
Authorities need to consider the opportunities for such initiatives.
These wider opportunities further complicate the process, but
this can be helped by involving groups on a neighbourhood
basis. Home Zones, developed around an existing, recognised
community facility, or the need for one, can add substantially
to the success of the scheme.
The process
Manchester
As part of the Northmoor Home Zone in Manchester, the
Urban Art Project encouraged local creative people by
promoting and helping to exhibit their work. The ImiTate
Gallery has been set-up in an empty terraced property, where
local artists, including elderly residents who had never painted
before, exhibit their paintings. This project won the prestigious
British Urban Regeneration Association Award for Best
Practice in Regeneration. The judges believed that the project
contributed significantly to creating real community
involvement in the area and has given many of the residents
new skills and confidence. Using urban art as a means of
generating community involvement and capability is unusual,
but in this case it worked.
Phasing
Home Zones are still a relatively new concept and it can be
difficult to get both professionals and residents to accept how
much change is possible. It is not necessary to implement the
whole scheme at once. Phased implementation around an
agreed masterplan can demonstrate both commitment and the
changes that can happen. It can also deliver alternatives that give
a sense of place within communities. This needs to work within
the overall programming for an area of which the Home Zone
may only be a part.
Alternative approaches
There is no one solution to the development of a Home Zone.
The programme needs to be flexible so that all stakeholders
can be involved and to allow for alternative approaches.
Involving others
As already described, Home Zones involve more than the
physical works on the street. Authorities have to identify the key
players at the start and include their inputs during development.
Residents are obvious players, but engaging them for the
duration on a voluntary basis can be a time consuming task
requiring specialist skills.
Northam, Southampton artwork
23
Other agencies can have the skills and networks in place to

access the key residents and/or groups. However, authorities
may first need to explain what Home Zones are and what might
be involved. This could include making available general
information on the Home Zones concept
for example likely benefits, potential negative impacts, and
alternative options. The authority should, however, also explain
what needs to be done to implement a Home Zone scheme.
Wolverhampton play area funded by the

education authority building on the success
of the Home Zone
Lesson Learnt
24
The Challenge schemes are showing clear

improvements in many of the social, crime and health
aspects of residential areas that can provide incentives
for other agencies to contribute to their development.
Good and effective liaison at an early stage and
throughout the process is necessary to achieve this
added value.
Legal procedures for Home Zones in England

In preparing their programmes for a Home Zone scheme,
authorities need to allow sufficient time to complete the statutory
processes including the resolution of any formal objections to
the proposals.
Under the Highways Act 1980, streets are provided and
maintained solely for passage. However, section 268 of the
Transport Act 2000 enabled local traffic authorities in England
to designate roads for which they are the traffic authority as a
Home Zone, and introduced the concept of use orders and
speed orders.
The Department for Transport has consulted on the regulations
which set out procedures for designation and enable and
provide procedures for making use and speed orders. At the
time of writing these are expected to be in place in late 2005.
The process
The regulations will set out the minimum requirements for

involving the community in the development of a Home Zone
before drawing up designation proposals, as well as setting out
the statutory consultation processes. These powers will allow
authorities to designate non-movement activities and open up
new opportunities for communities as part of the everyday
function of the street.
Authorities should bear in mind that the Home Zone legislation
does not remove the need to use existing legislation where traffic
calming features are involved. Consequently, the programme
needs to allow for consultation with the emergency services and
relevant interest groups.
Involving the local community and other stakeholders from the
outset through wider, less formal consultations should deal with
most objections, but it is not always possible to satisfy all
interests and authorities may need to consider some objections.
2.6 Design
The design process is iterative, involving a number of key
features that give a clear message in relation to the use of
residential streets. The main point is to reduce vehicle speeds
and make drivers realise that they are not within a conventional
highway. This means using the different elements that make up
a Home Zone in an innovative way to constrain vehicle speeds.
However, schemes need to adapt to various uses and activities.
Translating the concept
The Home Zone concept is to re-engineer the space around
peoples homes. Objectives for improving and maintaining the
quality of life for local residents should take precedence over
general objectives to ease traffic movements. A road in a
Home Zone is a place where the whole of the space is available
for a range of different uses. However, the speed of vehicles
must be low enough to satisfy the local traffic authority that
activities in the street may be enjoyed safely by people of all
ages and abilities.
25
26
Home Zones should be recognised as places where prescribed

local activities can happen, as well as being public thoroughfares.
They can help develop a greater pride and responsibility in
residents for the care and well being of their surroundings.
Successful design translates these concepts into a different
outdoor environment where traffic still has access and is
tolerated, but not to the exclusion of other activities.
Conventional highway design is not always appropriate.
High quality materials and finish show that the space differs from
a conventional highway. Footways and carriageways may still be
maintained, but the emphasis is on reducing the free space for
vehicles. Several highway authorities have developed their own
Home Zone design guidelines based on the IHIE Guidelines and
their own experience.
Until recently the lack of wide-ranging examples has led
authorities to lean heavily towards past experience where the
emphasis has been on free vehicle movement. Urban designers
development of concepts based upon European experience has
met with a mixed response, from both residents and other
professionals. However, the need to accommodate other uses
within the street has required a different approach.
Northam, Southampton new doorstep green
Whilst a significant proportion of a Home Zone will still be part

of the highway and therefore the responsibility of the highway
authority, many Home Zones include areas that are not part of
the highway and where other parties will control the use of the
space. An understanding that a different space is being created
that is both safe and functional for different uses has to be
developed.
The urban space specialists and highway engineers need to
collaborate closely to ensure the practicality of the concept
through delivery. This can take several revisions and the residents
should not be excluded. It is important that access consultants
are fully involved throughout the process.
The process
Co-ordination/maintenance
An early issue to resolve is what materials are to be used, taking
account of the affordability, ease of construction and future
maintenance of the scheme. Several of the Challenge schemes
proposed complex and expensive materials that have been
accepted at the concept stage, only to be reduced or removed
at the detailed design stage, to the detriment of the overall
scheme. A successful scheme requires input from all parties in
the design process and additional involvement from contractors
and other services.
There are repeated issues with choice of materials because of
long term maintenance and replacement concerns. Increasingly
public space is becoming more complex and materials more
varied. Many authorities are developing their own streetscape
manuals, and there is more agreement on a palette of materials
that is acceptable both in terms of creating a different visual
Lesson Learnt
environment and maintenance.
The design process requires involvement of all

parties to ensure the agreed concept is delivered
successfully.
2.7 Implementation
Implementation is perhaps the most familiar aspect of Home
Zones. It is construction within the street environment and
should not present unexpected difficulties.
Funding constraints
The Challenge schemes have been funded from a range of
sources, each with its own time and application constraints.
In some instances, funding was only available for specific aspects
of the work. It is likely that Home Zones outside the Challenge
will have similar funding regimes. Any constraints will need to be
allowed for in the planning and development of schemes.
Examples of materials
27
28
Additionally, several Challenge schemes encountered difficulties

between the estimated costs at design stage and the returned
tender price. In several cases, tenders were returned with higher
prices than budgeted and resulted in either redesign or changes
in materials. Occasionally, this reduced the extent of key features
and meant that the traditional blacktop surface was retained.
This reduced the visual effect of the changes.
Bury
Due to budget constraints, the Bury scheme opted for
feature areas at key junctions, relying on the constraints
of the existing narrow streets to keep vehicle speeds low.
Home Zones are likely to require more resources than other

highway improvement schemes, where most of the funds are
spent on construction work. Ensuring sufficient resources
throughout the project will need more involved management.
Early involvement with contractors and a thorough understanding
of funding constraints and opportunities is important.
The process
Utility companies
As part of the normal construction process, authorities consult
and liaise with utility companies who have their own particular
requirements. No matter how careful and detailed the design
has been, this inevitably adds to the construction disruption.
The need to accommodate separate service diversion contracts
has added both to the time and expense in the Challenge
schemes. Even relatively straightforward requests such as the
siting of landscaping, modification of street lighting and creation
of single surfaces can result in unexpected delays and changes
during construction.
Where new materials are being used, there can be concern over
the quality of future reinstatements. Renewal of all services is not
always possible, but the reconstruction of streets is an
opportunity to inspect and if necessary renew services.
This needs to be planned into the construction process; early
involvement of contractors and close liaison with the utility
companies is important.
Nottingham
Nottingham City Council decided that telephone apparatus
would be ducted underground to reduce street clutter.
Despite this process being long and difficult with negotiations
at the highest level, it was achieved successfully.
Raised planters for trees were used in Greenwich

due to the location of services
29
To achieve constraints on vehicle paths, features have been

designed based on computer modelling of vehicle tracks.
Whilst the majority of vehicles were accommodated, problems
did sometimes arise with the manoeuvring of refuse vehicles.
This resulted in modifications to the layout. Some authorities
overcame this difficulty by trialling the layout in a temporary way
before full installation, or using features that could be moved with
little extra effort.
Lesson Learnt
30
Constrained vehicle paths are best achieved through

physical trials with local vehicles.
2.8 Monitoring
Monitoring is often an aspect of implementation that
is overlooked, but it provides important feedback for
future development.
Authorities involved in the Challenge were required to identify
their objectives and monitoring methods at the outset.
They defined a variety of objectives, such as to:
Silkmore, Stafford
reduce vehicle speeds

improve quality of environment
increase play and other activities
reduce real/perceived crime
improve road safety and
promote community involvement.
The process
Generally the Challenge authorities have concentrated on

before and after surveys of traffic speed/volume and accidents.
A few have planned surveys of residents to seek opinions on
the general feel of the area together with street audits and
activity surveys.
Some authorities were even less specific on objectives:
To provide an equilibrium of use between various stakeholders
Aid in community development
To provide a healthier, safer and sustainable lifestyle or
More attractive environment.
All the Challenge schemes are now at a stage where more formal
monitoring could take place but information so far is limited.
Authorities must establish at the outset how they will measure
the success of these types of scheme and collect sufficient
before data to cover most eventualities. Whilst it can be difficult
at the start to define what will be implemented, the setting of
specific objectives indicates what aspirations authorities and
communities have. With increasing emphasis on delivering value
for money on schemes, effective monitoring and evaluation will
become an increasing requirement.
Data collection can be an expensive part of any scheme.
In deciding what data to collect, authorities not only need to
consider the relevance of the objectives that have been set,
but also the available sources of data. Different departments
and agencies are all required to monitor their service delivery
and other departments cover many of the issues identified for
the Challenge schemes. Access to police statistics for local crime
reports and social services and housing vacancy information can
supplement background information.
31
3 Community involvement
In devising a strategy to engage the residents
it is important to consider how to involve
hard-to-reach groups.
3.1 Introduction
The single most important driver in the success of a
Home Zone is the level of participation of residents.
Participation not consultation

Traditionally, local schemes have been developed with minimal
involvement of the public. Authorities often simply told residents
what they proposed for their area. If a scheme was particularly
important or controversial, authorities sometimes made a more
concerted effort to gather opinions by way of a public meeting
or exhibition. However, it is unclear how much notice authorities
took of the views people expressed.
If a Home Zone sets out not only to improve the appearance of
an area but also its social capital, then authorities must take a
much more radical approach. It is not enough simply to present
a range of options. Hard work is needed to build a sense of
community and to develop a scheme that truly reflects residents
aspirations. This approach can establish community ownership of
the scheme.
Social inclusion
In devising a strategy to engage the residents it is important to
consider how to involve hard-to-reach groups. These may be
people facing barriers such as caring commitments, mobility
problems, visual impairment, poor literacy, lack of English,
geographical isolation or young people or groups who feel
excluded from society.
Newcastle-under-Lyme
It was agreed that as much participation as possible would
be generated by word of mouth, as basic levels of literacy on
the estate would be a barrier to written consultation.
Residents representatives knocked on doors to make people
aware of forthcoming events. In addition 3D visualisations
were successfully used so that residents with limited reading
ability did not need to withdraw from the consultation.
This technique can overcome many of the barriers
experienced by socially excluded groups.
Examples of participation
33
34
Specialist skills
A wide range of skills is needed to successfully develop Home
Zones as an integral part of the social fabric of communities.
The whole process will involve more time and effort, and a wider
range of skills, than has traditionally been used. Engineers will
have an important role in this process, but they will need to
be more flexible and responsive to others in applying and
developing proposals. Strong multi-disciplinary teams will be
needed to bring together the most appropriate expertise at the
right point in the process.
Many non-professionals can find it difficult to interpret plans and
layouts, so authorities will need to consider other approaches.
One successful approach is to involve children often through
the local school in producing models of the area. Another is to
develop a three dimensional computer generated simulation so
that residents can identify their surroundings. Established
techniques such as Planning for Real, where residents are
actively involved in assessing their area and planning the layout,
have been useful in developing peoples understanding of how
their surroundings currently work or dont. Even a computer
game format has been used to get a younger audience involved.
All these activities require skills which are often outside those
traditionally held by traffic engineers and transport planners.
The best person for the job may come from one of the
other local authority departments. Community development
workers, if available, should be involved, especially early in
the scheme development.
Time consuming
It is clear that the Home Zones Challenge authorities considerably
underestimated how long it would take to engage the community
and generate a local sense of ownership.
In many areas there was no sense of community prior to the
scheme, with neighbours not really knowing one another.
The key task for the authority was therefore to build a feeling
of community. This is a time consuming job requiring specialist
skills and considerable effort, but its importance should not
be underestimated.
Despite the amount of time and effort that this inclusive process
has required, all those involved agree that it is time well spent
Lesson Learnt
Allow an extensive period to involve the community and
Lesson Learnt
towards achieving a successful outcome.
It is extremely resource intensive to fully engage the
build that into a realistic timetable. Residents will expect

decisions, once consulted upon, to be enacted quickly.
A few early wins are useful.
community in the process but is absolutely necessary

to achieve a successful scheme.
Flexible planning
At the inception of the scheme it is important to set out how the
community will be involved in its development. The key activities
should be outlined along with milestones. However, if this is truly
a community scheme then the community should have ideas for
events and activities so it is important that the plan remains
flexible.
Simplicity
Public participation in a Home Zone risks being a drawn out and
complicated process. However, it is important that the overall
objective is borne in mind at all times and the process does not
become overly complicated. This is crucial to keep the residents
on board.
Cornwall
A fun day was held at the beginning of the Cornwall scheme.
A bouncy castle was hired and a good time was had by all
while residents and neighbours got to know one another.
Though important for community development this may have
been a missed opportunity in terms of information gathering.
35
36
Chester
A garden party was held in the early stages of the Chester
Home Zone. A marquee was set up on the small park within
the area. Many activities were going on such as a circus
workshop, films of yesteryear and bingo. However the work
came first. As residents entered the marquee they had to sign
in by sticking a flag in a plan to show where they lived.
A team member then chatted with them and noted their
particular issues.
Chester garden party poster
Leadership
The project manager is the key player in the development
Chester garden party
of the scheme and should act as the single point of contact for
everyone involved, including residents. The Challenge schemes
showed that an important success factor is the project
managers continuous involvement throughout development of
the scheme.
It is also important that the professionals involved are seen to
be active in both the process and the community. A strong and
familiar presence throughout the process was essential to
successful implementation of the Challenge schemes.
This required meetings and discussion groups, often outside

normal working hours. Frequent meetings in residents homes
or local community centres were not uncommon. Professionals
developed an informal, yet structured, approach to these
meetings, often dressing casually and acting as facilitators.
Less successful was the more traditional approach of the design
team working in relative isolation to set design standards and
seeking approval to a series of increasingly more detailed
designs. Eventually they had to adopt a more inclusive approach.
In order to be accepted by the community, the designated
contact has to be able to address wider concerns, even if these
are outside their normal professional remit. They have to be able
to relay concerns expressed at meetings to those elsewhere in
the authority. Their most important role however is to act as a
single, committed driver to champion the scheme.
Derby
Two vital elements of the community involvement process
were the appointment of a Home Zone co-ordinator and
the establishment of an office base within the area.
These provided residents and businesses with daily access to
up to date information on design developments and acted as
a one-stop-shop for all their Home Zone queries. This was
Lesson Learnt
It is vital that a single person leads and champions the
Lesson Learnt
assisted by the Home Zone co-ordinator being multi-lingual.
Continuity is essential. Residents can become frustrated
scheme from start to finish. This champion can come

from any discipline, but has to have a broad grasp of
issues beyond their professional background.
at constant officer changes and the scheme can lose

momentum.
37
3.2 Identifying the community

The first step in the participation process is to take a step back
and ask who has an interest in this area?. The first group that
should spring to mind is the people who live there. But dont
forget that there will be other groups to involve, such as:
people who live adjacent to the scheme
commuters who park in the street each day
disabled visitors and
visitors to facilities within the proposed Home Zone.
It is important to identify from the very beginning who needs to
be involved. The various groups may be involved for differing
amounts of time and at differing stages along the way.
Who is the community?

The residents of the area fundamental to the process and
to be involved throughout its entirety. Businesses located
within the area should also be included.
Residents adjacent to the area it is important that they are
made aware of what is going on and why. Be prepared for
calls for the scheme to be expanded to cover their streets.
It is important to explain carefully from the beginning the
specific issues affecting the chosen streets that the scheme
is trying to address. Neighbouring residents should be
involved in addressing any problems or emerging proposals
that affect them.
Community organisations housing associations,
community centres, faith groups, etc should be involved in
the scheme from the beginning as they act as a focus for
the community and can provide a good meeting location.
Users of the area such as shoppers can be informed
about proposals but not necessarily have a key part in their
development.
Lesson Learnt
38
Get residents on board right from the start.

This makes the whole project more effective
with a real sense of partnership.
Building communities
Many Challenge scheme areas had no sense of community
before the scheme began. Residents did not know their
neighbours and lived in relative isolation. The Home Zone
scheme can be the catalyst for residents to get to know each
other. It is therefore important to build a community before work
on the scheme can even begin. Community development
Lesson Learnt
workers can be crucial to this.
Using an external or specialist facilitator throughout

the project can be very beneficial.
Working groups and street representatives

Meetings for the project team operate at a number of different
levels. An overall steering group is necessary to ensure that the
various funding bodies and agencies are fully informed of
progress. More frequent design team meetings need to be
established to maintain the momentum. In addition to the
community representation on both these bodies, the involvement
of the emergency services, local councillors, planning, education,
housing, health and engineering professionals is also important.
A good way of involving the residents is to ask for street
representatives at the very beginning of the process. A network
of street representatives proved to be very successful in some
Challenge schemes, not only in channelling information, but also
in reinforcing the community spirit within the area. Street
representatives tended to be those residents who were the
keenest to be involved and able to give substantial amounts
of time to collecting and disseminating information. A potential
pitfall of this technique is that a relatively small number of very
enthusiastic residents can become the unrepresentative
spokespeople of the community. It then becomes harder to
engage with the community at large.
39
Lesson Learnt
It can be difficult to reach out to the wider community

beyond the enthusiastic working party that has been
involved from the beginning. A process where officers
engage in a dialogue with the working party who then
themselves engage in dialogue with the wider
community can be hard to achieve but very effective.
Involving others
Authorities should bear in mind that a number of other
stakeholders will have an interest. It is important to involve all
stakeholders so that their requirements are not overlooked.
Those with an interest may include other sections of the authority
promoting the scheme, for example maintenance and service
providers, as well as:
the emergency services
operational services
other local authorities
businesses
local access groups
disabled persons groups and
utility or service companies.
Lesson Learnt
40
It is important to involve all stakeholders from an early

stage, particularly the emergency services.
3.3 Raising awareness

Once the decision has been taken to proceed, the next step is to
raise awareness of the scheme amongst the community. It is
important that the residents understand what a Home Zone is,
what it can achieve and that it will involve more than just treating
the roads. Their expectations need to be realistic as there is little
benefit in encouraging the community to design a scheme that is
physically, legally or financially impossible to implement or
maintain. Authorities should also predict realistically what impact
Lesson Learnt
the Home Zone will have.
Residents expectations in terms of what a Home Zone is

and isnt able to achieve should be carefully managed.
Initial meetings with residents of some of the Home Zone

Challenge schemes were mixed. Although generally all residents
welcomed the ideas for improvement, they brought a number of
wider issues to the meetings. Schemes varied in size from single
streets to estates of several hundred houses and getting
representation and consensus on what should be included was
often difficult.
It was also clear that many other issues concerned residents as
well as the general improvement of their streets. These included:
parking
speeding
crime
anti-social behaviour
youth gangs
drugs
litter
maintenance and
play or open space.
41
It is important to involve the full range of residents in this stage

of the scheme. The aim should be to engage all sectors of the
community, particularly groups that are often under-represented
in the decision making process.
An important aspect of raising awareness is to create confidence
within the communities that something meaningful and different
will be happening to their area. Initially, there was an
understandable degree of scepticism amongst the Home Zone
Challenge communities. Some thought that the authorities had
already decided upon the proposals and any consultation
would only be a token effort. Many suspected that either
nothing would happen or that the authority had already
prepared detailed proposals.
In preparing the initial bids for consideration, authorities had
taken different approaches to involving residents. Some had
already consulted on the possibility of submitting a scheme.
Raising awareness in Hull
Others had not made residents aware of the prospect of

additional funds, so as not to raise expectations and risk
disappointing them had they not been successful.
Those that were successful were therefore starting with varying
levels of community awareness as to what might happen. In all
cases (except the schemes in Plymouth, Peterborough and
Manchester, which were already underway as part of the pilot
programme) the concept of Home Zones was relatively new to
all those involved.
Lesson Learnt
42
The extent to which the issue of on-street parking

dominates much of the early consultation events cannot
be over estimated. Robust surveys are essential. If it is
a key issue, authorities are recommended to encourage
residents to carry out their own parking surveys,
combining results with the project manager and
agreeing pre-scheme parking levels/demand.
Methods of involvement
Public meetings
The starting point in all the Challenge schemes was to invite all
residents to an open meeting, usually via a door to door mailing
or eye-catching posters put up in the street. This was, in some
cases, seen as yet more consultation in areas where there had
been extensive consultation already (maybe as part of an overarching regeneration initiative). All those involved made a
significant effort to achieve as full a representation as possible.
Public meeting
Fun days
In addition to the public meetings and mailings, the use of fun
days proved very successful in getting a wide cross section of
the community involved. It was important that in addition to the
main effort of understanding the issues, activities were provided
for all age groups. Street theatre, bouncy castles, refreshments
and entertainment were provided in a street that traditionally had
only been used for cars. This set the scene for more structured
involvement of different age groups.
Clean up days
Some authorities organised events involving a wide range of
residents. Clean up days involving the siting of skips throughout
Warington fun day
the area and encouraging the removal of rubbish were very

successful in getting people involved and demonstrating that
things were happening.
Reading fun day
Luton held clean up days

St Helens fun day
43
Social events
A number of authorities held social events simply to let
residents meet each other and discuss issues affecting their area.
These events ranged from summer-time barbeques, fish and chip
evenings at the local community centre to henna hand painting.
These are especially successful if the team can provide some
means of recording views.
Reading BBQ
Lesson Learnt
44
It is important to have community building events such

as fun days, barbeques etc, but remember the purpose
of the event. As well as having a fun time and
encouraging neighbours to get to know one another, it
is important is to gather information on what residents
feel are the problems and issues that require attention.
Newsletters
Newsletters and information sheets are a simple but effective
way of disseminating information quickly and easily to all
residents. They can be as simple as pages of black and white
text or, if facilities and skills allow, they can be very colourful and
distinctive. All Challenge schemes used newsletters at some
Rochdale henna hand painting
point. These can be produced by the project manager and team

or by the street representatives and can keep all residents up to
date on scheme developments. Some project managers have
delivered newsletters personally to all properties to avoid claims
later that they had not been received.
Middlesbrough fun day
Lesson Learnt
No matter how much consultation is undertaken there

will always be someone who says they do not know
about the project!
Visits to other schemes

The best way for residents to understand how a Home Zone
works is to visit one. Many Challenge authorities took a group
of residents on a day trip to visit a completed scheme such as
Plymouth or Manchester. Residents there were usually quite
happy to talk about their experiences in the development of
the scheme, giving the Challenge residents valuable insight.
Door to door calls
Despite public meetings, newsletters and social events, some
residents will still not be aware of the scheme. They may not
want to get involved, but it is important that they are engaged to
some extent. Authorities should take their views into account to
avoid any possible problems later.
Although it can be a difficult and time intensive task, simply
visiting each property and speaking to the residents to make sure
they are aware of the scheme and to ask them what they feel are
the problems it needs to address is the simplest and most
inclusive method. If the project manager does this, it not only
builds residents confidence that the scheme is actually going to
happen and raises the project managers standing as a motivated
single point of contact, but it also gives the project manager first
hand understanding of what needs to be addressed.
Newsletters
45
46
The local media

The local media can be a powerful means of conveying positive
messages. However it is worth remembering that the efforts of a
number of Challenge authorities have been hampered by the
local media and in one instance this had a strong impact on
the residents view not to proceed with the scheme.
Quick wins
The Challenge authorities found that they needed to achieve
some tangible improvement quickly to tackle residents concerns
and initial scepticism. This could be as simple as dealing with
refuse collection issues, improvements to street lighting or more
regular maintenance. Alternatively, it has involved the early
establishment of community facilities and drop in centres where
people can meet informally, both with neighbours and with
contact officers. This has played a very important role in keeping
the community on board.
West Sussex radio interview
One of the first tasks undertaken as part of the Cornwall scheme was to
set up a Neighbourhood office for meetings and activities.
Northumberland
At the beginning of the Northumberland scheme, residents
identified poor lighting as an issue. The council tackled this
Lesson Learnt
at an early stage, showing its commitment to the scheme.
Quick wins work! Authorities should look to make

them early on to get as much support as possible and
help reverse distrust.
3.4 Involving residents in design

Having generated the early enthusiasm, the next challenge is to
maintain this involvement. It became clear from the Challenge
scheme that many residents did not appreciate the timescale
Lesson Learnt
needed to develop proposals fully.
Be careful not to raise the communitys expectations

beyond that which can realistically be delivered.
Design meetings
Most Challenge schemes used a series of design meetings with
selected groups of residents (often street representatives) who
were then tasked with feeding back comments to and from the
wider community. It is crucial that these meetings take place at a
location within the scheme and at a time which is convenient for
the majority, such as a pre-arranged Saturday.
Every scheme had its Mr or Mrs Angry and a disproportionate
amount of time often had to be spent in dealing with the minority
view. Intensive, often one to one discussions have taken place to
mitigate the disruption that strongly held minority views could
have on the schemes.
Design meetings
47
48
Inevitably, not all views could be incorporated within the final

schemes and several iterations of the design layouts had to
be considered. The involvement of those with differing views in
design meetings was also a positive way of modifying the
schemes to take all interests into account.
Planning for Real
Although professionals are used to dealing with plans, the wider
community is often unfamiliar with them and can find them offputting. Planning for Real uses simple models as a focus for
residents to put forward and prioritise ideas on how their area
can be improved. It is a highly visible, hands-on community
development tool, which people of all abilities and backgrounds
find easy and enjoyable.
A large three-dimensional model of an area is constructed,
preferably by residents including children, using cardboard cutouts for buildings pasted onto a base plan fixed to cardboard.
Participants place suggestion cards on the model indicating what
they want to see happen and where (for example, playground,
parking, tree). This is an effective method of involving residents in
Home Zone design.
Planning for Real
Southamptons Planning for Real exercise involved young and old alike
North Lincs visualisation
Bristol Visualisation
Hull visualisation
3D computer visualisations
A number of Challenge authorities developed computer based
3D visualisation models to show residents what the scheme
would look like. Residents can interpret information given to them
in this format much more easily than through two dimensional
information. A detailed case study of this approach, used in
Staffordshire, can be found in Appendix A.
Manchester mock up
Mock ups
A number of Challenge authorities arranged a community day
where the final scheme was laid out in the street for all to see.
Various ways of doing this have been used including the use of
emulsion paint to mark out the street and also large pieces of
carpet to show where parking spaces will be. This is a very
effective way of physically checking with residents that the
scheme will work and agreeing any last minute changes.
However, it is also the time when residents not so far involved
may emerge and possibly object.
Bristol mock up
49
50
Public exhibitions
Public exhibitions, though associated with the traditional public
consultation route, are a useful way of exhibiting the final scheme
design for all to see. They also allow residents to see the latest
proposals and ask questions of the project team. It is crucial that
any public exhibition be held in the proposed scheme area so
that residents can easily attend. This can mean that a temporary
venue has to be considered.
Walk with engineers
Walk with engineers is a technique where the project team
Public exhibition
meet up with residents in the street to tour the scheme area

considering problem areas and potential solutions. This has
been of some use in a few of the Challenge schemes.
Working with artists
Each Home Zone is unique in terms of its setting, community
and physical make-up. This uniqueness has been reinforced in
many of the Challenge schemes through the use of artists.
By helping the residents to create a theme which is highlighted
throughout the scheme through pieces of artwork, the artists
bring the community together with a common goal. The artwork
also sets the Home Zone apart, giving the residents pride in
their environment.
Authorities have tried a number of different approaches to the
use of artists. In Lowestoft an artist was appointed to lead the
consultation, design and implementation. In other schemes
artists have been involved in developing a theme for the
scheme, producing artwork to reflect this.
Hull
Albany Street lies near to a park which was a Zoological
Garden in the 1800s. Every day an elephant would be taken
for a walk down Albany Street. Reflecting this, attention
grabbing sculptures have been installed, including aluminium
bears and elephants at the top of poles. A piece of granite,
unloaded into the River Humber once its use as ships ballast
was over in the 1800s, has been recovered and carved into
a hippopotamus.
Hull elephant artwork
Lowestoft
The idea of involving an artist in the Lowestoft Home Zone
was central to the bid for Home Zone Challenge funding. An
artist, who did most of the consultation, was appointed to the
Home Zone design team at the start of the process. As well
as designing the streetscape in a way that required traffic to
use the street differently, the project artist also aimed to
integrate a series of public art works that created a sense
of place for the residents.
The artists approach was to explore the history of the streets
and develop a project around the past, present and future of
the roads. This involved a phase of research and consultation
focusing on the urban history of the site and working with the
Rochdale Artists helped to develop a theme

for this scheme, based on fabric designs.
This reflects the cultural background of the
community and its links with the textile and
garment industry of the area.
community to stimulate memories and thoughts on the

identity of the area. Old photographs of the area were
collected and the previous uses of the buildings on the
street investigated. The artist shared this information with
local people and spoke to them about their personal histories
of the area.
This research informed the design of Home Zone features.
An example is a scattering of paving blocks which spell out
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. This is a
practice sentence used by printers and, in the scheme,
marks the location of a former printers shop.
Bristol artwork
From the after survey of residents it was suggested that

involvement of the project artist in the design process resulted
in a Home Zone that is creative and unconventional and has
tackled design issues in a unique and cost effective way.
The project engineer felt that the artist provided insights into
new ways of using traditional materials typically overlooked
simply as a result of convention.
Trafford artwork
51
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St Helens fish
Morecambe, this mural reflects its background as a fishing community
Camden bench
Kirklees paving inserts

Camden school gates
Southampton acorns
Southampton sculpture
Wiltshire childrens plaque
Lesson Learnt
Hull bears
Incorporating good quality design and unique

environmental/arts features is worth the extra effort
Bristol The site of the Bristol scheme was a
pear orchard many years ago. This was used
as a theme and tiles were made by residents
for display throughout the scheme.
53
54
Choosing materials
Choosing materials is an important part of the process.
Nottingham City Council held a materials mini exhibition for the
residents. A number of different surfacing materials and types of
street furniture were available for the residents to see and
comment on.
3.5 Implementation
Public involvement does not end when the design is complete
and construction ready to begin. It is important that the residents
Devon sod cutting
are involved in the total process, including implementation.

Interviewing contractors
Some Challenge communities have been involved in contractor
selection to ensure that a considerate contractor with a full
understanding of the role of the community in the scheme
is chosen.
Manchester
Since the successful contractor would have to work closely
Hull gates before
with local residents, the authority took the unusual step of

inviting residents to interview the tendering contractors.
This proved an interesting exercise for all involved and both
sides developed a better understanding of the difficulties and
concerns of the other before work began. Tenders were
evaluated for quality as well as price. The quality evaluation
took account of the contractors proposals for dealing with
the needs of residents as well as employing local labour.
Contractor communications
Constructing a Home Zone is particularly disruptive for residents,
so contractors must keep in close contact with them throughout
to advise on each stage of construction.
Hull gates after
Kirklees
A leaflet was distributed to every property within the scheme
before work started, telling residents who would be the
project manager. The leaflet included full contact details and
a photo. Residents were told to contact the project manager
with any queries.
3.6 Completion
The scheme is complete and implemented and all the hard work
Plymouth opening
is over. Or is it?
Opening celebrations
The completion of a Home Zone is a very good reason for
celebration. Most of the Challenge schemes had some form
of opening ceremony, from a full scale event with Government
Ministers, marquees and speeches, to a simple gathering of
the residents. Whatever is chosen, it is important that residents
are involved.
Worcester opening
Morecambe opening
Wiltshire opening
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Handover to the community

Despite involving residents in agreeing the overall designs and
parking layouts, the time taken to implement the scheme may
mean that the turnover of residents, particularly in non-owner
occupied properties, sometimes results in new residents not fully
appreciating how the street is meant to work. This can lead to
inappropriate parking. The potential for this to cause obstruction
was one of the main concerns of the emergency services during
the design process of the Challenge schemes.
Self-enforcement is the ultimate aim within these areas and
the strength of community ownership developed through the
inclusive participation process encourages new residents to
accept the ethos of the community. So far, no undue difficulties
have been experienced in any of the completed schemes,
despite the areas not being used wholly as intended. The most
Cornwall opening
straightforward way of resolving this has been through a simple

Welcome to our street leaflet, explaining how the street works.
Maintaining the sense of community
Most of the Challenge schemes identified community building,
as an objective. With a scheme complete, it is important that the
sense of community built up over the months of designing is not
lost with the completion of the scheme.
Community associations
A number of Challenge schemes have seen community
associations set up as a result of the scheme, even arranging
social gatherings. Some have gone on to bid in their own right
West sussex opening
for funds to develop their scheme further.
Southampton
Following the development of the Northam Road Home Zone
in Southampton, the residents submitted a bid for Doorstep
Green funding to develop an area of derelict ground into a
park. This bid was successful and a park, designed by the
community with the help of the City Councils Landscape
Architect, was constructed.
St Helens opening
Gardening clubs
Home Zones generally involve some form of planting to green
the streets, from trees to shrubs to bedding plants. Residents
should take ownership of the planting and help with their
maintenance, particularly watering and weeding.
A Gardening Club was set up at Northmoor to maintain the
green areas.
Southampton gardening
Manchester gardening
Southampton gardening
57
3.7 Potential problems

Unfortunately, public involvement in Home Zone design is not
always straightforward. The Challenge schemes all struggled at
one point or another with a particular problem and it is important
to learn from them all.
Apathy
Apathy was an issue for a number of schemes during the early
stages. The main issues were poor attendance at events, low
questionnaire response rates and a general lack of enthusiasm
and involvement. All schemes managed to get over this issue.
They did this partly through some quick wins and showing the
residents that they were taking action, and partly through sheer
determination and hard work on behalf of the project team to get
residents involved.
Lesson Learnt
58
The local community must be demonstrably keen,

even desperate, for the investment. Lack of interest
in the concept is perhaps an early indicator that
implementation of a successful scheme may be difficult.
The local media

As mentioned earlier, the local media is a powerful tool, especially
if there is a positive view as the scheme develops. However, the
local media can also be quick to report negative views, even if
they are the minority. It is important to keep in close contact with
the local media so that articles give a balanced view.
Exeter
The local newspaper serving the Wonford area of
Exeter closely followed the development of the scheme.
Towards the end of construction it published an article
expressing the negative views of a small minority towards
the scheme. Residents felt that this was unrepresentative
and asked the reporter to interview them on their views.
The newspaper then published a positive article, which
demonstrates the positive impact that residents were able
to have.
Dealing with disagreement

Between members of the community
Although communities share their choice of home or location,
they will often bring a disparate set of opinions and views.
Inevitably there will be disagreements over a wide variety of
aspects of the design. It is important to find a compromise.
This can often be reached by seating those with opposing views
around the same table to encourage discussion. Failing this, the
project manager could mediate. Keeping all residents on-board
at all times is important.
Lesson Learnt
Local newspaper article
It is not easy to get a consensus regarding scheme

design when dealing with a diverse range of people.
Between the authority and the community

Although Home Zone development requires the full involvement
of the residents, it must be remembered that it remains a local
authority scheme. If there is a disagreement between the
residents and the authority, a compromise must be reached.
Some schemes have used an independent facilitator to negotiate
Denton graffiti
between the two parties at meetings. However this should be a
Lesson Learnt
last resort.
Be prepared for difficult times. Sometimes people resist

change and are often only concerned with single issues
such as parking or access.
Local meeting
59
What to do when the communitys design is not a

Home Zone
Residents must be allowed an input into the design phase but
the philosophy of Home Zones must be borne in mind at all
times to ensure that that is what is achieved and not simply
a traffic calming scheme. Compromise will be necessary
throughout the development process to take on board the
views of residents as well as the needs of others such as the
emergency services and utility companies. However, if the
designers are not confident that the result will produce very low
vehicle speeds, then the design must be re-visited, with the
residents involvement. If this cannot be resolved, suitability for
designation as a Home Zone must be re-considered.
Reaching a decision (voting)
If compromise cannot be reached, then one option tried in a few
Challenge schemes was to resort to a vote to decide whether
or not to proceed. This is fraught with problems and should be
avoided if at all possible. If it is the only way to proceed then it
must be carefully planned and totally transparent. All issues
should be addressed before the vote is held. These include:
Is it a vote per resident or per property?
Do all residents/properties qualify?
What proportion of votes must be returned for the result to
be upheld?
What proportion of yes votes would allow for the scheme
Lesson Learnt
to proceed?
Work closely with the community. While an approach
Lesson Learnt
60
It is important not to underestimate the difficulty of
by a few individuals might make it appear that a

consensus exists for a scheme, opposition from others
may make it difficult or impossible to proceed.
effectively involving residents at all stages of the project.
Bath
This scheme began with an initial meeting to announce the
success of the bid and explain the concept. This was led by
the local authority with assistance from a green charity-based
organisation and a campaigner for non-car forms
of travel. Subsequent open meetings, developed the design
for lighting, traffic calming and materials.
Once the design was agreed internally within the council, a
meeting was held to show the residents how it would look
and to seek their approval.
However, there were firmly held opposing views about the
scheme. Following a public vote, in which approximately a
third of residents did not support the proposals, the scheme
was abandoned.
Dover
The Dover scheme was modified following representations
from the local fire service. Details of the revised scheme
were distributed to residents with a simple voting slip.
The response was disappointing, with only 51 residents
(56 per cent of the total) returning the slip. Of those, 65 per
cent in directly affected properties were in favour. However,
this figure included people from a block of flats which, whilst
having access from the proposed Home Zone street, had
their own parking. Arguably they were less affected than
those fronting the streets. Discounting these votes resulted
in only 58 per cent in favour.
Although no specific percentage had ever been quoted, a
substantial majority (75 to 80 per cent of residents) was
considered necessary for the scheme to progress. The actual
figure achieved was less than this. With residents in 18
properties against the scheme and those in 40 properties
not voting, it was agreed that the scheme should be
abandoned due to a lack of active support.
61
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3.8 New build

The current range of Home Zone schemes has concentrated
on modifying existing streets, where communities are already
established, even if they are not wholly integrated. However,
the greatest potential for developing Home Zones in the future
lies with new construction to meet the growing demand
for housing.
In order to spread the concept of Home Zones into new build
developments, housebuilders and developers need to take the
concept on board and sell the idea to the wider house buying
market. Their marketing activity might be geared towards
highlighting the benefits of Home Zones in terms of a better
quality of life.
Some new developments are now bought off plan, that is
before being constructed. This may give the developer an
opportunity to engage buyers in some aspects of the Home
Zone design.
Gateshead
Only one Home Zone Challenge scheme has been entirely
new build. This is the first phase of some 600 homes at
Gateshead Staiths, on the banks of the River Tyne in
Gateshead. In this case, as there was no community to
consult, the design of the scheme was developed through a
multi-disciplinary team of professionals involving architects,
urban designers, transport planners, traffic engineers,
maintenance engineers and emergency services.
The community involvement was achieved by proxy, through
the development control process, and by the house builder in
its promotion of the final scheme to potential buyers. At the
launch of the scheme, organised by the house builder in a
local hotel, the designer explained the ethos and the key
characteristics. The scheme has generated substantial
national interest and houses have sold quickly.
Once the first phase of the development was sold and
the properties occupied, the house builder sent residents
a questionnaire to gain feedback on the scheme.
The developer will apply the feedback to the subsequent
phases of the development.
63
4 Design
The design of a Home Zone is crucial to
achieving the low speeds necessary for the
scheme to be successful and for activities to
take place safely.
4.1 Designing for people
Vehicles must be accommodated within the Home Zone as an
integral part of daily life, but they must share the space with
cyclists and people on foot. Motorists should feel that they are
a guest in the street.
Design
Authorities have to take account of the needs of disabled people

when designing Home Zones. The Department for Transport is
sponsoring research to provide guidance on how Home Zones
can be made fully accessible and safe for disabled people whilst
maintaining the Home Zone shared space concept. Researchers
will consider:
navigation
spatial awareness
crossing the street
conflict with motorists and other road users
conflict with pedestrians and
perception of safety.
Authorities developing Home Zone proposals will also need to
consider these issues as an integral part of the design process.
The guidance is expected to be published towards the end of
2006. Meanwhile, the Department for Transports Mobility and
Inclusion Unit can be contacted for advice.
4.2 Gateways
It is important that a strong Gateway feature clearly identifies to
Gateway at Scunthorpe
users that they are entering (or leaving) a different environment.

These features distinguish the boundary of the Home Zone and
should set the tone and character for the rest of the area.
Gateway at Scunthorpe
Gateway at Warminster
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66
The majority of the Challenge schemes have used the approach

described in the IHIE guidelines, where the Home Zone is
embedded in a wider 20mph zone so that the reduction of
vehicular speeds is achieved gradually rather than in one step.
This has also helped with the signing of the Home Zone and
avoids confusion. In particular, it minimises the potential for sign
clutter at the entrance to the Home Zone, and more importantly,
it avoids linking the Home Zone sign with the 20mph speed limit.
It has been difficult to accommodate all signs together where the
Home Zone boundary and other zone boundaries coincide.
Leeds Ways can be found of accommodating

a number of signs in a confined space
4.3 Movement
One of the main criteria for the development of a Home Zone is
the creation of an environment where pedestrians and vehicles
use shared space at comparable speed. This means tighter clear
vehicle paths and the introduction of constraints to easy and
direct vehicular passage will be needed.
Home Zones have been seen by some as a development from
20mph zones. Many of the Challenge schemes thought first of all
to introduce more severe and frequent traffic calming features.
However, the response from resident discussion groups was that
a different approach was required, and many wanted streets to
be opened up rather than closed down. This introduced a
particular conflict between the functional and visual
Kirklees gateway Mixed messages can be

given to drivers
understanding of the street.

A successful way of resolving this conflict has been to redefine
the streetscape away from the conventional straight lines of
carriageway and footway to incorporate a single shared surface
between property boundaries, even blurring the distinction
between private and public space. This approach has succeeded
in creating areas where activities other than movement can
be undertaken safely whilst still allowing vehicles access.
However, consideration has still to be given to defining the
vehicle path. Different surface textures and colours have been
used to influence driver perceptions.
The preferred choice has been horizontal shifts in vehicle paths,
rather than frequent vertical deflections. This has been achieved
Exeter horizontal deflections
using a variety of features.
Design
An important element to successful speed reduction is to

eliminate long through vistas for drivers, so giving the impression
that no clear straight route exists. The incorporation of vertical
features (such as planting and the grouping of street furniture),
blocks of parking spaces or the creation of defined activity areas
in the former carriageway have been particularly successful.
However, these combined constraints need to accommodate
vehicle movements and authorities should consider the overhang
requirements of large vehicles.
Whilst the schemes have to accommodate vehicle movements,
they do so under less favourable conditions than previously.
Portchester, Hampshire deflection
Where response times for emergency vehicles might be

compromised, early involvement of the local representatives
is vital.
It has become apparent that there is not necessarily a consistent
view between or within the emergency services. Different views
have been expressed across the Challenge schemes as to what
form of layout and clear path constitutes a problem, especially
where unregulated parking could take place.
The introduction of larger vehicles by many emergency services
and the need for side access has increased the amount of space
necessary to negotiate such features. Again the involvement of
these authorities throughout the design process is important to
Northam, Southampton deflection
understand both the operational requirements and altered

priorities within the street.
Some authorities have used full scale mock-ups to overcome
these issues, marking out the alignments temporarily and
modifying them where necessary to accommodate specific
movements. However, in some cases it has still been
necessary to modify features once implemented; in particular
the over-swing of refuse vehicles with hydraulic rear loaders
has still caused problems.
Chester mock up
67
4.4 Delineation
Whilst the overall concept is for pedestrians and vehicles to share
the space, it is clear that in some cases definition of space is still
necessary. Some residents preferred additional traffic calming
and felt that the traditional carriageway and footway layout
should be retained. Many preferred a conservative approach and
this has resulted in a mixture of surfaces either by creating
specific defensible spaces, by the use of contrasting surface
colours and/or textures, or by creating specific feature areas.
The creation of these areas is, however, still within what
would otherwise have been conventional carriageway and has
Morecambe, Lancashire
achieved the break up of the streets linearity and constant width.

Authorities need to take care to ensure that the spacing of these
feature areas still constrains vehicle speeds.
Lesson Learnt
68
There can be a reluctance to embrace the shared

surface principle.
Victoria Estate, Bury
Haringey
Design
4.5 Parking
Parking has been a major issue throughout the Challenge
schemes, even where car ownership is relatively low. In most
areas, existing parking spaces were at a premium and residents
strongly resisted any reduction. Authorities have therefore had to
maintain or increase parking provision.
They have done this either by improving parking adjacent to houses
(in-curtilage parking) or by creating structural (echelon) parking
blocks along the street with a reduced and variable running width.
In some schemes, on-street parking provision has been increased
by providing more formalised parking arrangements.
Lowestoft, Suffolk
Self-enforcement of parking is the aim within Home Zones and

the strength of community ownership developed through the
inclusive participation process should support this. So far, no
undue difficulties have been experienced in any of the completed
schemes, despite parking not always being wholly as intended.
The best approach is a flexible one, identifying areas where
people are able to park without causing an obstruction, even to
the emergency services. Areas where parking is not acceptable
should be readily identified by their restricted width.
A number of Challenge schemes have incorporated
controlled parking zones (CPZs), mainly due to their location.
This introduces additional concerns over the extent of signing
and marking, plus the potential cost of enforcement. Where CPZ
schemes already exist, extension is relatively easy and
understood. Where no CPZ exists, its introduction is often
Lesson Learnt
met with resistance from both residents and authorities alike.
Be aware of parking issues but dont let them

determine the design.
At the Chester scheme a CPZ was implemented
69
70
4.6 Lighting
The level and quality of lighting in a Home Zone is important as it
can increase feelings of safety and security. Lighting was often
raised during the consultation period in the Challenge schemes.
Lighting columns can have both a positive and negative impact
within a Home Zone. They can mark routes but can also
strengthen linearity of the street. Factors such as style, height
and spacing of columns and colour spectrum of the lighting will
be important in determining both the day and night-time
appearance of the Home Zone. It is also important to provide
Southampton lighting
lighting only where it is needed and reduce intrusive light and

light pollution generally.
Involving a lighting engineer in the design process will help
resolve these and other issues relating to the long term
maintenance of the lighting.
Exeter lighting
Manchester lighting
Bristol lighting
4.7 Accommodating play

One of the key objectives of Home Zones is to increase the
opportunity for children to play in the streets. This can be
achieved through the introduction of both formal and informal
play spaces.
Formal play spaces have been developed as segregated areas
with play equipment sited where they are well overlooked and
cater for a range of ages. Sensitive siting is necessary to ensure
that the play space can be adequately observed, but at the
same time not creating a nuisance for neighbours.
In the Challenge schemes the provision of formal play facilities
has been one of the most contentious issues during consultation.
Greenwich play provision
Design
Involving children and young people throughout the design

process has been particularly important in achieving
acceptable schemes.
Even without formal play spaces; the creation of a less formal
street can encourage play and outdoor activities where it would
otherwise have been unacceptable. It is important to understand
the needs and apprehensions of the community in developing
play space within the Home Zone.
Camden street play
Tameside
Kirklees
Scunthorpe play area
Newham play area
71
5 Implementation
The selection of materials and their visual
appearance is a very important aspect
for residents
5.1 Introduction
The implementation of a Home Zone scheme is a period of
intensive activity with complex issues to resolve. It requires
particular skills from both the client and contractor.
Continued liaison with the residents is important throughout the
construction phase, as they can experience significant disruption.
Implementation
5.2 Choosing the contractor

Authorities need to select the contractor to implement the Home
Zone carefully. The detail and complexity of some of the works
requires special care and planning, together with an
understanding of the overall concept. It is important that the
contractor has experience of undertaking more complex street
renovation or construction work. The range of materials and the
need to break up the visual appearance of the street requires a
different approach to conventional renewal or maintenance.
The involvement of specialist suppliers or sub-contractors can
further complicate the construction programme. Authorities
must allow for their involvement at the right time.
Chester construction sign
The Challenge authorities often let separate contracts for specific

areas of work such as kerbing and surfacing, landscaping,
or street lighting, while maintaining overall control within the
project management team. However, this approach can be
over complicated and may lead to delays and disputes over
responsibilities. It is preferable, therefore, to have a single
contractor in overall control. Authorities must relay the design
concepts and key objectives before appointing the contractor,
and make sure that they are fully understood.
A number of authorities in the Home Zones Challenge
programme have interviewed prospective contractors before
selection in order to understand their proposed approach.
In some instances, these selection interviews have also involved
the residents themselves. As a result, residents were generally
supportive of the efforts put in by contractors and worked
well together.
Construction at Abingdon, Oxfordshire
5.3 Early contractor involvement

Early contractor involvement in the design process can help to
ensure that the ideas of the community, developed during the
design process, are accurately translated to the physical works
and that the various elements can be constructed in a practical
way. A key element in community acceptance is the achievement
of their expectations from the design to the finished work.
North Tyneside residents start the scheme
73
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The Best Value approach has sometimes been interpreted as

replacing expensive materials with more conventional highway
surfacing to the detriment of the overall objectives.
Where contractors have been made aware of the importance
of the design constraints, they have helped to select suitable
materials and recommend better construction methods.
Telford
This project has been part of a major housing renewal
scheme that involved major work outside of the public space.
Telford completed cul-de-sac
As part of the Challenge scheme, extensive discussion took

place with residents to develop a design concept that could
be replicated throughout the estate. Support from the Home
Zones Challenge would set the pattern for future works.
A contractor for the full regeneration scheme was appointed
in April 2004, before the design was finalised. The contractor
worked closely with the design team in the latter stage of
development. However, the final scheme has removed many
of the quality surfacing materials on the side roads and
substantially reduced the impact of the planting and
deflection on the proposed vehicle paths.
Telford concept view
Implementation
5.4 Choice of materials

The selection of materials and their visual appearance is a very
important aspect for residents. In the Challenge schemes the
quality and type of materials has arisen repeatedly during the
design process and expectations can be compromised if
inappropriate materials are proposed.
Warminster
Throughout this scheme a very pale coat and scatter
material was used for the trafficked areas. However, these
Warminster
Lesson Learnt
pale areas quickly became marked and shabby.
Make sure all surfacing materials are well tried and

tested on site in busy trafficked areas before
sanctioning their use. Think carefully about their
longevity, future maintenance requirements and
reinstatements by utility companies.
Inevitably, during the construction process, modifications to the

detailed design are necessary, whether due to the presence of
utilities, requirements of the emergency services, access and
safety audit concerns or concerns voiced by residents.
Any design changes need to be sensitive to the overall objectives
of the scheme and must be carefully assessed against the need
to control vehicle speed and enhance the overall environment.
Greenwich
There was a strong desire in this scheme to plant trees in
strategic locations to manage traffic flow. Initial enquiries and
trial investigations were carried out to find out where services
ran, so that tree pits would avoid them. Along one street in
particular, tree pits were not possible but agreement was
reached to provide trees in raised planting boxes within a low,
kerbed planted area that could be moved to allow access to
the services.
Greenwich planter
75
Silkmore, Stafford
Raised planting areas were provided to protect parking
areas and create deflection along the residential streets.
Some residents improved the location of individual driveways,
in part to take cars off street. This sometimes meant
relocation of the planted areas which was easily achieved
through the use of containers.
Lesson Learnt
76
It is important to carry out detailed investigations before

proposing a design. The presence of services can
restrict the use of street trees. Service diversion costs
can jeopardise the financial viability of a scheme.
5.5 Phasing
Detailed programming and phasing of the works is important to
manage the inevitable disruption. The phasing needs to consider
not only the physical extent of works at each stage but also any
other works that are needed, for example service diversions.
Nottingham
Nottingham City Council was keen to remove the overhead
telephone lines from the street, but the service supplier
proposed timescales and costs that would harm the overall
programme and delivery of the scheme. Through extensive
negotiation, agreement was reached for the councils
contractor to provide underground ducting as part of its work,
leaving the service provider to install the cables. This enabled
all surfacing to be completed and reduced the overall
installation costs.
Implementation
Authorities need to keep residents fully informed throughout the

process. In many of the Challenge schemes, authorities held
regular progress meetings with contractors, designers and
residents to identify problems and resolve them before they
became major issues. Key contact personnel within both the
authority and contractor teams have often been identified to
maintain clear lines of communication and responsibility.
Denton, Kent
Three parallel streets on the Northcourt Estate in Denton
were allocated Home Zone Challenge funding. The area
suffered from considerable vandalism and anti-social
behaviour. The Home Zone was designed in association with
the residents, although there were differing levels of support
from each street. The authority therefore decided on a
phased approach to implementation.
The first street was constructed with the hope that the
residents of the other two would feel positive towards the
plans once they saw them in place. This phase was a
success, with the creation of community spirit and a sense
of ownership.
However, the next street was less supportive, with minimal
resident involvement in developing the scheme. Work began
but was affected by sustained anti-social behaviour.
There was damage to the physical measures and threats to
the workforce. Unfortunately the contractor was forced to
withdraw from site with this phase 95 per cent complete.
It is too early to say if residents will benefit from the scheme
but early indications are that they will not.
Residents of the third street fluctuated between support and
rejection and this phase has now been abandoned for the
time being.
Denton, Kent
77
6 What has been achieved?

The main outcome of successful Home Zones
has been the development of stronger and
more integrated local communities
6.1 Review of the scheme objectives
Before we can understand what has been achieved, it is
important to consider the scheme objectives originally set by
the local authorities at the start of the process.
All Challenge authorities set objectives for their Home Zones
based on their local knowledge. These varied considerably
and only rarely were they SMART objectives.
SMART objectives
Constructing Excellence in the Built Environment (2005)
advocates the SMART formula when setting objectives:
Specific Use clear, concise and easily understood
descriptions of what is trying to be achieved.
Measurable Ensure that it is possible to check off
activities which contribute to success and which measure
progress.
Achievable Set realistic and achievable objectives that
are challenging but attainable. Do not set objectives which
are outside the authoritys control or dependent on others
for decision-making or approval.
Relevant Objectives should be pertinent to achieving the
ultimate goal or must contribute to successfully attaining it.
Time bound Clear timescales must be set to complete
each activity or task. Deadlines must be kept otherwise the
scheme will run off track.
Many of the Challenge schemes had similar objectives. The most

frequent were to:
reduce vehicle speeds
improve quality of environment
increase play and other activities
reduce real/perceived crime
improve road safety and
promote community involvement.
As many of the objectives were not SMART, quantitative
measurement of the Home Zone schemes may be difficult.
79
80
6.2 Traffic impacts

The majority of schemes identified some form of monitoring to be
undertaken after completion, but the timing of when this was to
be done varied. At the time of writing, only a limited number of
authorities have undertaken any monitoring of their schemes.
For those that have, initial results are positive.
Most immediate monitoring has been of conventional traffic
information such as speed and flow. Review of accident statistics
and other softer surveys will take longer to complete. However,
all the schemes were asked to identify the current accident
situation, particularly those involving children and older people.
So far none of the schemes have reported any accidents
following completion.
Data from the after surveys is limited, but 39 of the 61 schemes
have reported on the immediate effect of Home Zones on traffic.
Over half estimate that speeds have reduced to between 10 and
15mph. The lowest mean speed of 6mph has been reported at
the scheme in Southampton, with both the Kirklees and Wirral
schemes achieving speeds below 10mph.
Southampton
The Northam Home Zone in Southampton is a small
pocket of terraced housing to the east of the city centre.
The street has recently become a cul-de-sac due to highway
improvements to enhance the environment. It lies close to a
busy artery into the city, a major rail wagon works and a
football stadium, so suffers from a high proportion of
on-street parking. Gateway features, raised planters, and
echelon parking have been introduced within a mix of shared
space and retained footways. A new park provides a central
focus adjacent to a new development that will also be a
Home Zone.
Northam, Southampton
A limited number of authorities have reported changes in traffic

volumes through the treated streets. In these instances, all have
reported significant reductions in traffic flow. Both Manchester
City Council and the London Borough of Camden have reported
around 60 per cent reductions in traffic flow within the treated
areas. Whilst Camden has introduced a road closure within the
scheme, none were implemented in Manchester. Home Zones
have therefore had a positive effect on rat-running traffic.
6.3 Wider impacts

The aim of Home Zones is to improve the quality of life in
residential communities by developing streets that are shared
equally between vehicles and people and encouraging different
uses of the streets, especially play. An important aspect of the
development of these streets is that they should be designed
so that vehicle speeds are kept very low to allow activities to take
place in safety. The local communities should also be actively
involved in their design, development and ongoing upkeep.
All the Home Zone Challenge schemes achieved this aim to
some extent. However it is important to understand the wider
impacts. Many other community benefits have resulted from
implementing a highway scheme.
Delivering stronger communities
The main outcome of successful Home Zones has been the
development of stronger and more integrated local communities.
This has being achieved by the active involvement of residents at
all levels in the design process and is evident through community
events such as Christmas carol services and barbecues as well
as the setting up of ongoing activities such as gardening clubs.
Home Zones have built on the natural affinity for people to
socialise and provided them with opportunities to mix safely
with others in areas where they previously felt intimidated.
Porchester, Hampshire
81
Bolton
During the initial public involvement in the development of
the scheme on the Oldhams Estate in Bolton, unemployed
residents were offered training in various consultation
techniques. They were then tasked with delivering a variety
of ideas and options to inform initial designs for the scheme.
Following completion of the scheme, of the 12 residents who
received the training, two have gone on to work for voluntary
organisations, one has entered full time employment and two
have enrolled at college. The majority have continued to be
involved in local community activity.
Hull
The population of Albany Street in Hull was quite transient,
being made up of a variety of owner occupiers, students
and short-let tenants, many from ethnic minorities.
The development of the Home Zone helped these different
groups to work together with a common goal and establish
a sense of community.
Bognor Regis, West Sussex

Through the Home Zone scheme, the Pevensey Orchard
Community Action Group was formed. The group has written
its own constitution with a view to applying for funding to
improve the area further. The group continues to be a contact
point for residents and is also overseeing the maintenance
and watering of the plants.
Lesson Learnt
82
Retrofit home zones are as much about urban

regeneration and community building as they are
about traffic engineering.
Regeneration
In addition to adapting the existing streets, greater awareness of
the wider range of issues facing communities resulted in
substantial modification of schemes. Many schemes expanded
their original remit to include demolition, rebuilding and new
facilities. The support of the Single Regeneration Budget and
Housing Renewal funding, as well as mainstream local authority
funds, has succeeded in increasing the money available well in
excess of the original Home Zones Challenge grant allocations.
In some cases schemes have attracted funding in excess of six
to seven times the original grant, delivering an end result that all
the community has been involved in and that addresses issues
far beyond the original scope of the scheme.
Telford
The Home Zone Challenge funding proved to be a catalyst in
the regeneration of the Woodside Estate. The funding acted
as a pump primer, encouraging other funding sources to
open up. Consequently the whole estate will now be
regenerated and redeveloped along Home Zone principles.
Scunthorpe
The Crosby Home Zone sits within a larger area now
earmarked under a new initiative for housing regeneration
and renewal. This initiative has recognised the huge visual
difference and feel of the Home Zone and there is a general
consensus of wanting to replicate much of the style in other
parts of this wider area.
Scunthorpe before and after
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As well as large scale regeneration schemes, Home Zones can

act as a catalyst for smaller scale renewal. Many Challenge
authorities have reported that home owners are taking more
pride in their area and are carrying out external refurbishment of
their properties. Housing associations and local authority housing
departments also see Home Zones as adding value and often
improve properties as part of Home Zone works. They are
considered by some to be an ideal complement to housing
improvements carried out as part of area based renewal
programmes. Many schemes have reported reductions in the
turnover of tenancies and the number of empty properties.
Kirklees At the start of the works around 20
per cent of properties were empty. There is
now a waiting list to move onto the estate
Bolton
The Bolton Home Zone has added value to the process of
updating council owned properties by improving the
environment and image of the area. Turnover of tenancies
dropped from 32 per cent (2001-02) to 9 per cent (2004-05).
Other schemes have directly triggered the re-development of

adjacent derelict areas.
Southampton
Kirklees Residents have formed a group to
ensure litter is placed in bins and the area is
kept clean
As a direct result of the need for certainty about the land

surrounding the Home Zone, the team produced a
development brief for an area of derelict land within the Home
Zone. This created sufficient confidence for a local housing
association to acquire the land for the development of 31
housing units. The development has now started and
includes a new build Home Zone as an extension to the
retrofit scheme.
Environment
All Home Zone Challenge schemes reported an improvement
in the environment. This is due to the use of premium materials,
the planting of street trees and the provision of planters.
Authorities have reported that back alley space is now useable
and residents take more care of their new environment, introduce
their own plants and tend the planters.
Crime
It is too early to tell what impact Home Zones can have on crime
levels. Early indications are that crime statistics show a reduction
following the implementation of a Home Zone.
Available crime statistics are impressive. Most notable is
Greenwich By giving a clear message that the

area is being cared for, fly-tipping and other
anti-social behaviour has reduced
Plymouth, where recorded crimes in the Morice Town Home

Zone dropped from 92 in the year before the scheme started
(2001-02) to just nine in the year after completion (2003-04), a
90 per cent reduction. In Tameside crime statistics for the wider
West End area suggest that domestic burglary has reduced by
80 per cent in the last three years and vehicle crime is down by
50 per cent. This has been helped by the introduction of alley
gates. In the Poulton Home Zone in Morecambe, Lancashire,
crime has been reduced by 22 per cent between 2001-02 and
2003-04
It is certainly the case that the installation of new lighting
enhances feelings of personal security. For example, in
Northumberland residents reported that they felt safer
walking to working group meetings.
Plymouth Three-quarters of adult respondents

thought that the appearance of the Home Zone
was an improvement and almost a quarter spend
more time outside the front of their homes
Scunthorpe
At the start of the project the police Chief Inspector said,
A key aspect of the improvements are they will not only
reduce crime through improved lighting and security provision
but also reduce the fear of crime by making the area less
attractive to the criminal element of society.
Bristol
Liaison officers have worked with the steering group to
promote better crime prevention techniques through
improved street lighting and positioning of street furniture.
Plymouth
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Derby
Residents raised concerns during consultation over anti-social
and related criminal behaviour. This led to the formation of a
sub-group to tackle these issues. This has resulted in
targeted action by various agencies to remove anti-social
tenants and clamp down on drug dealing. The local
community watch patrol has also been more present on
the streets.
Southampton
Newcastle-under-Lyme
The redevelopment of part of a car park within the scheme

has stopped the prostitution and drug dealing that occurred
there. Reduced vehicle speeds and limited access within the
Home Zone area now deter drug dealers.
Children
Children can be seen as key to the success of Home Zones.
One of the main objectives is to provide safe play opportunities in
the street. However, concerns about children playing in the street
can cause tensions within a community. It is therefore crucial that
they are involved in the whole process. Many Challenge schemes
The London Borough of Newham introduced
formal play facilities within the street environment
set out to introduce play features, both formal and informal.

In the event few formal facilities were introduced, due either
to opposition from residents or authorities concerns regarding
their liabilities.
This can be overcome by contributing to play schemes adjacent
to the Home Zone. In Bury, for example, a contribution was
made to the Ball Zone, provided as an addition to a park next
to the scheme.
Informal play is often the answer and just providing a safe
space within the street may be all that is needed. Children will
use their imagination to transform features of the environment.
Large concrete balls in the street, designed to demarcate the
vehicle path, can become anything in a childs eyes. Engineers
from Devon County Council have reported that children are using
the entire Wonford Home Zone area as one large playground.
Unfortunately there can also be drawbacks. A number of

authorities have reported that the features introduced can attract
teenagers into Home Zones. Concerns have been expressed
about resulting anti-social behaviour, although few incidents
appear to have materialised.
Peasedown St John
At the Peasedown St John scheme, the Home Zone project
led to funding for play rangers to help develop childrens
play activities.
Staiths South Bank, Gateshead has table tennis

fixed in the street
Bolton
The residents group that was developed as part of the Bolton
scheme identified a lack of activities for younger children.
A project was established to deliver a range of activities for
young children across the estate. This provision continues.
Kirklees
Specific consultation events for children were run during the
design phase. Children now feel they have had an input to the
scheme and are helping to look after the area. Children are
making full use of the play equipment and parents feel their
children can play safely.
Camden
Kirklees play area
Eighty-two per cent of residents said that more children

were playing in the street as a result of the Home Zone.
Their children have been meeting and playing with other
children who they would not otherwise have had the
opportunity to meet.
Bognor Regis
The Home Zone is a useful resource for local schools
in teaching lifestyle, environmental and human
geography issues.
Camden
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Health
It is difficult to quantify just how a Home Zone affects health.
A number of authorities have suggested that their schemes look
more attractive and this has a positive effect on health and well
being. A number consider that Home Zones encourage more
walking and cycling. Some have suggested that they contribute
to raising morale and community spirit. The full effects on health
will only become clearer over time.
Bolton
Health visitors used some of the Bolton Home Zone
consultation events to build relationships with local residents
and focus on healthy living issues, particularly relating to
families with young children. They have maintained these links
and Health visitors are now involved in several projects on the
estate, including the development of an urban care centre.
Chester
A bid was recently submitted to central government for the
development of an elderly persons extra care facility in the
Home Zone to help older people to live in their own homes
longer. The Home Zone was referenced in the document.
House prices
House prices fluctuate and are affected by any number of local
and national conditions. A number of Challenge authorities have
suggested that house prices in Home Zones have increased
more than in other areas. Estate agents are also using Home
Zones as marketing features, extolling the virtues of city living in
a greener, safer environment. With such a variable issue, again
only time will tell.
Derby
The price of a typical terraced house in 2004 was 66,000.
The average in 2005 once the Home Zone was complete was
80,000 a 20 per cent increase and significantly higher than
house price inflation locally.
Morecambe
House prices in the area were 58 per cent of the regional
average in 2001. In 2004, after the scheme was introduced,
they were 70 per cent of the regional average.
Middlesbrough
Early indications are that the price of three bedroom terraced
properties within the Home Zone has increased faster
(13 per cent) than those in adjacent areas (11 per cent).
Plymouth
There is anecdotal evidence of an increase of 10 to 15
per cent above similar properties outside the Home Zone.
North Shields
Estate agents suggest an increase of 15 to 20 per cent in the
last year and properties are selling faster. People are asking
about the availability of properties in the Home Zone.
6.4 Summary
Early indications from the Challenge schemes are that increased
activity is now taking place in the streets, residents are taking
ownership for the areas around them, and the private and public
sectors are investing more in sustaining and developing the
areas. People are much happier with their environment, crime
is down and the longer term funding required from the local
authority in these areas is also reduced.
However, it is important that the Home Zone does not simply
become a traffic calming exercise. Highway works are obviously
a key consideration but must not distract from other outcomes
that are achievable and equally important.
Old Trafford
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Appendix A
Case Study: The use of 3D visualisation in public
involvement at Wilmot Drive, Staffordshire
Background
Staffordshire County Council implemented a Home Zone
Challenge scheme on the Wilmot Drive estate in Newcastleunder-Lyme. Located within a former coal-mining region, the area
scored high on indices of ill health, poverty, inadequate housing,
unemployment and low educational achievement. Youth
unemployment was just below 40 per cent. In recent years the
estate had been characterised by an undercurrent of crime,
disorder and social problems.
Council officers believed that a Home Zone could improve not
only the physical infrastructure on the estate, but also road safety
and the health, community spirit and social status of residents.
Creating and sustaining links with representative bodies on
Wilmot Drive was a high priority from the outset. A steering group
of representatives of the Tenants Management Organisation, the
Community Development Association and County Council
engineers was supplemented by involvement from the
Neighbourhood Management Initiative, Staffordshire Polices
Architectural Liaison Officer and Landscape Officers from
Newcastle Borough Council.
In devising a strategy to engage residents, the steering group
was keen to learn from earlier pilot schemes, which highlighted
the need to involve hard to reach groups in the consultation.
Therefore as much participation as possible would be by word
of mouth, as basic levels of literacy would present a barrier to
written consultation. Representatives knocked on doors to
make residents aware of forthcoming events.
Appendix A
A member of the Community Development
It was important for the model to be an accurate
Association, a local resident, visited Holland along
depiction of both the existing street and the
with members of the design team to view at first
proposed design features. A usable 3D visualisation
hand how Home Zones work there. With help from
must therefore be based on an accurate land survey,
the design team, this resident described what they
particularly in an urban environment. It must depict all
had seen to other residents face to face.
distinguishable features such as hedges, fences and
Residents were also taken to view the Northmoor

Pilot Home Zone in Manchester. Having seen
the improvements and spoken with Northmoor
residents, they were very keen to start the
consultation process themselves.
The first consultation evening was well attended.
There were display boards with plans and
photographs to show residents what was proposed.
However, representatives of the community groups
later expressed their concerns at the residents ability
to understand the two dimensional plans. They also
suggested that attendance might decrease unless
more visual techniques were used. The loss of a large
section of the community after the substantial interest
at the first meeting would greatly harm the scheme.
3D visualisation
vehicular and pedestrian accesses. Only with the

knowledge that the visualisation is based upon
such a survey can the design team interact with
the public and remain confident in the images.
Textures and materials on the model need to be
as realistic as possible.
The completed model gives the design team and
residents alike the ability to view any object within it
from any viewpoint. Local landmarks significantly
improved residents ability to pick out their own
properties. Once residents had located their own
properties they were quickly able to understand how
the proposals affected them, particularly in respect of
parking and planting. Where some residents were
seen to be struggling in orientating themselves,
others assisted, removing the engineer from the
discussion and helping foster a sense of community.
The housing manager from the Tenants Management
Due to the size of the model, the estate was broken
Organisation asked whether three-dimensional (3D)
down into three routes. All future open evenings were
computer visualisations could be used. Engineers
divided into the same routes, with residents invited to
had already used such software successfully on
view their part of the estate through the 3D
major bypass and land reclamation projects.
visualisation. This enabled residents to discuss any
However, using it in an urban area, showing the sort
particular problems such as preferred manoeuvres
of detail needed for a Home Zone, would be a first
onto their driveways. This helped iron out any
for Staffordshire.
localised issues, particularly the positioning

of planting areas that may have caused
Modern computing power combined with a highly
access difficulties.
skilled operator makes the 3D visualisations so

realistic that residents genuinely believe what they
The completed animations were used at a
see. This is a great advantage, but also a potential
participation evening held in the community hall.
drawback. It leaves no hiding behind the fact that
Attendance was very encouraging and was a result
the visualisation was indicative of the proposal only.
of the residents curiosity at seeing a 3D model of
In the mind of the viewer it becomes a reality almost
their home, news of which had spread principally
immediately.
by mouth.
91
92
Once the initial excitement and orientation process had been

overcome, the engineering staff could concentrate on the Home
Zone proposals and positive individual participation followed.
Samples of the textured finishes were available together with a
simple questionnaire allowing residents to help select the colour
and pattern.
Interestingly, the residents majority selection of
red herringbone pattern was not that shown on the evening but
was similar to the very first animation seen at the preliminary
showing of the model.
The residents choice of colour and texture has been
implemented and they are happy with the result.
Minor changes were made to the model after the consultation,
reflecting the views and choices of residents. The animation
sequences were set to
work again to produce the final design.
Copies of the animations were burned to CD to allow residents
who could not attend the open evening to view the proposals at
a more convenient time in the two community buildings on the
estate. The authority considered making the animations available
via the internet, but due to the relative deprivation on the estate
this was not considered appropriate.
Appendix A
Benefits of 3D visualisation
Conclusion
From the County Councils point of view the use of
3D visualisations to enhance public participation has
Staffordshire County Council believes that the use
provided the following benefits:
of 3D visualisations has had a major impact on
a higher level of public participation than would

be expected using more standard plans
and descriptions
how residents have participated in the design

process. It also believes that ownership of the
scheme had started before works commenced
and that the works ran more smoothly than had
an increasing number of participants at each event,
the visualisations not been used.
rather than the usual decline in numbers after the

initial event
increased awareness of the proposals throughout
the estate
residents much more able to interpret the
The cost of the model and creation of animations

was approximately 6,000, which has been partly
funded by a contribution from the local
Neighbourhood Management Initiative. This
represented less than 1 per cent of the scheme
information than through the use of two
value (645,000). The council believes that
dimensional plans and photographs
investment in the model has been most beneficial
residents more able to hold informative discussions
to the scheme. It may have saved on the
with engineering staff as to which measures they
construction costs by reducing the level of
felt would work, and more importantly those that
complaints and last minute requests for changes.
wouldnt work
overcame the residents initial reaction to reject
The visualisations also allowed residents with

limited literacy to understand the proposals. This
change as they were genuinely excited at the
can help overcome many of the barriers
proposals
experienced by socially excluded groups.
very little conflict and additional costs once work

began relating to access problems or residents
objecting to elements such as tree planting outside
their homes
the engineers found it beneficial to see a drivers
eye view of the proposals so that they could judge
the appropriate speed for the area, particularly
given the relatively new Home Zone concept
the Police Architectural Liaison Officer was better
able to provide constructive advice on designing
out crime and
the independent safety auditors had an additional
resource for their input at the stage 2 safety
audit stage.
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Appendix B
Home Zone information sources
Traffic Advisory Leaflets
TAL 10/01 Home Zones Planning and Design.
TAL 8/02 Home Zones Public Participation.
available from DfT Free Literature, PO Box 236, Wetherby, West
Yorkshire LS23 7NB, Tel 0870 1226 236, Fax 0870 1226 297,
and on the DfT web site.
Guidance notes
Home Zones A planning and design handbook. Mike Biddulph
(The Policy Press, December 2001. ISBN 1 86134 371X).
Home Zone Design Guidelines (Institute of Highway Incorporated
Engineers, June 2002. ISBN 0-9542-875).
Inclusive Mobility A Guide to Best Practice on Access to
Pedestrian and Transport Infrastructure (The Department for
Transport November 2002). Available from the DfT Free Literature
service at the above address and on the DfT web site.
Videos
At home in my street: exploring home zones in the Netherlands
and Germany (Childrens Play Council and Transport 2000, 1999).
Home Zones: The UK Experience (The Policy Press 2003).
Web sites
www.homezoneschallenge.com (available until February 2006).
www.homezones.org.uk (available from November 2005).
Appendix B
Research reports
TRL Report No 586 Pilot home zone schemes: evaluation of
The Methleys, Leeds (TRL Limited 2003).
Northmoor, Manchester (TRL Limited 2005).
Cavell Way, Sittingbourne (TRL Limited 2005).
Magor Village, Monmouthshire (TRL Limited 2005).
Morice Town, Plymouth (TRL Limited 2005).
TRL Report No 646 Pilot home zone schemes: evaluation of the
Five Roads area, London Borough of Ealing (TRL Limited 2005).
Nobel Road, Nottingham (TRL Limited 2005).
Creative Neighbourhoods the role of the arts in building
sustainable communities (Aston Housing Consultancy, 2005.
ISBN 0-9550110-0-0).
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96
Published by the Department for Transport.

Crown copyright 2005.
Printed in the UK November 05,
on paper containing at least
75% recycled fibre.
Product code 56RRLG02466.

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HOME ZONES

Challenging the future of our streets

What has been achieved?

Appendix A Case Study: The use of 3D visualisation

Appendix B Home Zone information sources

CD-ROM Home Zones Challenge Scheme Summaries

Home Zones help restore the balance between traffic and

1.2 Development of Home Zones

Dutch woonerf scheme

the conflict between providing for easy traffic flow and

1.3 What is a Home Zone?

Dutch woonerf scheme

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

Also, the increasing use of cars was turning traditional residential

1.4 Home Zones in the UK

It was not until August 1999 that development of the first

1.5 The Home Zones Challenge

Ashton West End, Tameside

schemes with a total bid value of some 115 million.

through to implementation and beyond. There are wide ranging

a Home Zone scheme is likely to be time consuming.

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

2.3 Scheme selection

Understanding the issues

Staiths South Bank, Gateshead

existing traffic calming and

The number of households ranges from just 18 in the London

Defining the area

Normanton, Derby before treatment

the Challenge area has been reduced to only two, coupled

Home Zones work best when areas are contained

Normanton, Derby after treatment

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

It is important to identify and build on the existing

Kennington Road, Nottingham Billy bollards

shops and places of worship were all used as venues.

Active involvement within a clearly defined community is

As part of the Challenge scheme in Redruth,

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

Identifying local concerns

primarily safety improvement schemes, but the real or perceived

Scunthorpe, street lighting in back alleys

scheme authorities improved street lighting as a quick win to

It is important to identify all the local concerns at the

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

For many of the authorities, the Home Zones Challenge involved a

Moorside estate, Dewsbury

funding (6.6 million for Phase 1) as part of the Woodside

This has given the opportunity to use direct developer contributions.

While the Home Zones Challenge has now ended,

Staiths South Bank, Gateshead

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

As the schemes progressed and the scope of works was

This is often not recognised in the conventional planning process.

Schemes always take longer than anticipated.

HOME ZONES Challenging the future of our streets

There were some notable successes. Nottingham City Council

Planning needs to be realistic both in its detail and in

Involving the emergency services and utility companies

Changes to the layout of the public space, creating multi-use