Name: ________________________

Circuits PhET Lab

Introduction: Wouldnt it be great to see inside wires and electrical devices, to actually watch
the electrons flow? This simulation allows us to do this. In this sim, you will build simple and
compound circuits and measure their potential (voltage), current, and resistance. Additionally,
you will view the actions of electrons in an AC circuit.
Important Formulas: V IR Series: RT R1 R2 R3 ... VT V1 V2 V3 ...
1
1
1
1
Parallel: R R R R ... I T I1 I 2 I 3 ...
T
1
2
3
Procedure: PheT Sims Play Electricity, Magnets, and Circuits Circuit Construction Kit (AC+DCy)

To add elements to your circuits, simply drag an item into the work area.

To remove an item or change it, right-click the item you wish to change.

To uncouple two circuit elements, right click on the circular junction and choose split junction.

To measure voltage and current, click on the boxes to the left.

Remember, voltage is read in parallel (outside of the circuit),

while current is read in series (in the circuit)

Part I: DC Circuits in Series

Build a simple circuit made of one battery and one light in a single loop.

Draw your circuit: Use proper symbols (not real life)

What is the voltage drop across the light?
Light: ________________ Volts
What is the current of the circuit?
Light: ________________ Amps
Use Ohms Law V IR to find the resistance of the light

Light: ________________ Ohms

Set both of the voltmeters probes on the same side of a light. What is the voltage? _____ Why? ________________

Reverse the battery. What happens to the flow of electrons? ______________________________________________

Build a circuit made a battery and three lights in series.

What are the voltage drops in the circuit?

Draw your circuit: Use proper symbols.

Light 1: ________________ Volts

Light 2: ________________ Volts
Light 3: ________________ Volts
Battery: ________________ Volts
What is the current in each part of the circuit?
Between Bat and Light 1: _____________ Amps

Use Ohms Law to find the resistance of the lights

Between Lights 1-2: __________________ Amps

Light 1: ________________ Ohms

Between Lights 2-3: __________________ Amps

Light 2: ________________ Ohms

Battery: ____________________________Amps

Light 3: ________________ Ohms

Are all the lights the same brightness? _______

Remove a light from the circuit and reclose the circuit. What happens to the brightness of the other lights?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
For a series circuit, as lights (with resistance) are added, the voltage ____________________________________________
For a series circuit, as lights (with resistance) are added, the current ____________________________________________

Add additional batteries in series with the first battery.

What happens to the brightness? _________________the voltages? _________________the currents? _________________

Add a resistor to your series circuit.

What effect did the resistor have on the lights in the circuit? __________________________________________________
Create a wire path in your circuit that bypasses all the lights. This is a short circuit.
What happens to the battery in short circuit? _________________________ The lights? ___________________________
What happens to electrons that are not slowed by the resistance of lights? ________________________________________
Part II: DC Circuits in Parallel

Build a circuit made a battery pack and three lights in parallel with the battery

What are the voltage drops in the circuit?

Draw your circuit: Use proper symbols.

Light 1: ________________ Volts

Light 2: ________________ Volts
Light 3: ________________ Volts
Battery: ________________ Volts
What is the current in each part of the circuit?
Light 1s path: __________________ Amps

Use Ohms Law to find the resistance of the lights

Light 2s path: __________________ Amps

Light 1: ________________ Ohms

Light 3s path: __________________ Amps

Light 2: ________________ Ohms

Battery: ________________________Amps

Light 3: ________________ Ohms

Are all the lights the same brightness? _______

Remove a light from its path. What happens to the brightness of the other lights?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

For a parallel circuit, as lights (with resistance) are added, the voltage ___________________________________________
For a parallel circuit, as lights (with resistance) are added, the current __________________________________________

Add additional batteries in series with the first battery.

What happens to the brightness? _________________the voltages? _________________the currents? _________________

Add a resistor to one path in your parallel circuit.

What effect did the resistor have on the light in its path? _____________________________________________________
What effect did the resistor have on the lights in the other two paths? ___________________________________________
Short circuit your parallel circuit.
How was the result similar or different to a shorted series circuit? ______________________________________________

Part III: Compound Circuits

Build the circuit illustrated on the right. Use two batteries in series.

Which light is the brightest? _______________

Why? _________________________________________________________
What is the voltage drop across?

What is the current through?

What is the resistance of?

Light A: ______________ Volts

Light A: _____________ Amps

Light A_____________ Ohms

Light B: ______________ Volts

Light B: _____________ Amps

Light B_____________ Ohms

Light C: ______________ Volts

Light C: _____________ Amps

Light C_____________ Ohms

Battery: ______________ Volts

Battery: _____________ Amps

Battery_____________ Ohms

Place a switch between B and C where the arrow indicates

What happens to light C when the switch is open? ___________________ Why? _________________________________
What happens to light B when the switch is open? ___________________ Why? _________________________________
What happens to light A when the switch is open? ___________________ Why? _________________________________

Remove light A from the circuit and recluse the circuit.

How did B and C change? ________________________ Why? _______________________________________________

Part IV: AC Circuits
Alternating Current circuits differ from Direct Current circuits in that the direction of their current changes sixty times each
second (60Hz). In the classroom, the lights are actually turning on and off 60 times each second, much faster than our eyes
can see, so the lights appear to be constantly on. The simulation slows down the current so we can observe the current.

Build a series circuit similar to the one you built in Part I. Observe the flow of electrons in an AC circuit.

Describe the actions of the electrons in your AC circuit. _________________________________________________

Can an AC circuit be shorted just like a DC circuit? _____________________________________________________

Build a parallel circuit using an AC power source.

Are all the lights in a parallel AC circuit the same brightness? _____________________________________________

Click on the

and observe the graph of current vs time. Draw the graph here:

Part V: Capacitors
The flash in your digital camera uses a capacitor. Capacitors separate and store charge. They can release their stored
charge quickly or slowly.

Build a parallel circuit with one battery, one light, one capacitor, and one switch. This circuit should work
such that when the switch is closed, the light is powered by the battery, but when the switch is open, the
light stays on for a time, powered by the capacitor. Do not allow the capacitor or the battery to be
shorted.

Draw a circuit diagram (use schematic symbols) of the

successful circuit here:

Conclusion Questions and Calculations: point each USE YOUR FORMULA!!!!

V=IR

1.

To assure the same voltage is available to all devices; my house is wired in series / parallel.

2.

Safety features like GFIs and circuit breakers are wired in series / parallel to assure that when they are turned off, the
whole circuit is turned off too.

3.

In a series circuit, as lights are added, the voltage at the battery increases / decreases / remains the same.

4.

In a series circuit, as lights are added, the current at the battery increases / decreases / remains the same.

5.

In a parallel circuit, as lights are added, the voltage at the battery increases / decreases / remains the same.

6.

In a parallel circuit, as lights are added, the current at the battery increases / decreases / remains the same.

7.

With the switched closed, the bulb on the right will be more bright / less bright / equally bright
than the light blub on the left.

8.

In the above diagram, if the middle bulb burns out, the bulb on the right will become brighter / dim / turn off.

9.

My TI calculator uses four 1.5 V AAA batteries. The effectual voltage needed by the calculator must be___________.

10. Two 10.0 lights in series produce an equivalent resistance of _______________

11. Two 10.0 lights in parallel produce an equivalent resistance of _______________
12. A flashlight bulb with a potential difference of 6.0 V across it has a resistance of 8.5 . How much current is in the
bulb filament? ______________
13. Three resistors with values of 3.0 , 6.0 , and 9.0 , respectively, are connected in series. What is their equivalent
resistance? ______________
14. Three resistors with values of 4.0 , 8.0 , and 12.0 are connected in parallel. What is their equivalent resistance?
______________

15. In the above diagram, the 6.0 and 10.0 resistors would be equivalent to a ______________resistor.
16. What is the total equivalent resistance of the entire 4-resistor assembly? ______________
17. Power dissipated through an electrical device is equal to the product of voltage and current, P VI . What is the
power output of a 12 Amp motor connected to a 12 Volt battery? ______________
18. How much power does a flashlight dissipate if it runs on two 1.5V batteries and has a bulb with a resistance of 15
Ohms? ______________
19. In the series diagram at the left, which device has the largest voltage through it?
the light / the motor / both have the same voltage.
20. Which device has the largest current through it?
the light / the motor / both have the same current.