Culture: Painting and Sculpture
Culture: Painting and Sculpture
Culture: Painting and Sculpture
Pierre Mignard, Self-portrait, between 1670 and 1690, oil on canvas, 235 188 cm, Louvre
For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, who arrive in the city to educate
themselves and to seek inspiration from its vast pool of artistic resources and galleries. As a
result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art".[189] Italian artists were a profound
influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in
sculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the
French royals commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the French
Baroque and Classicism era. Sculptors such as Girardon, Coysevox and Coustou acquired
reputations as the finest artists in the royal court in 17th-century France. Pierre Mignard became
the first painter to King Louis XIV during this period. In 1648, the Acadmie royale de peinture
et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was established to accommodate for
the dramatic interest in art in the capital. This served as France's top art school until 1793.[190]
Auguste Renoir, Bal du moulin de la Galette, 1876, oil on canvas, 131 175 cm, Muse d'Orsay
Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of
artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the
times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and
political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was
central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault.[190]
Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all
evolved in Paris.[190] In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide
flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name
for themselves.[191] Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul
Czanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani
and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous
La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907.[192]
Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production.
The most prestigious names of French and foreign sculptors, who made their reputation in Paris
in the modern era, are Frdric Auguste Bartholdi (Statue of Liberty), Auguste Rodin, Camille
Claudel, Antoine Bourdelle, Paul Landowski (statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro)
and Aristide Maillol. The Golden Age of the School of Paris ended between the two world wars,
but Paris remains extremely important to world art and art education, with schools ranging from
the cole nationale suprieure des Beaux-Arts (the former Acadmie royale de peinture et de
sculpture) and Paris College of Art to the Paris American Academy, which specialises in
teaching fashion and interior design.[193]
Photography