Chap 4 - Mat Bal 03-1

Mass and Energy Balance Lecture
Series
Dr. Raja Razuan Raja Deris
Faculty of Applied Science, UiTM, Shah Alam
Office: 03-55444604 email: cmt435massnengybal@gmail.com; razuan@salam.uitm.edu.my
Education is the kindling of a flame, not

the filling of a vessel - Socrates.
Learning is not a spectator sport.
You do not learn much just sitting in classes
listening to teachers, memorizing prepackaged
assignments, and spitting out answers. You
must talk about what you are learning, write
reflectively about it, relate it to past experiences,
and apply it to your daily lives. You must make
what you learn part of yourselves.
-Source:"Implementing the Seven
Principles: Technology as Lever" by Arthur
W. Chickering and Stephen C. Ehrmann
12/14/2013
Copyright Dr.RR 2013
Learning
Objectives/Intended Learning Outcome:
1. Explain in your own word the meaning of the following
terms: batch, semi batch, continuous, transient and
steady-state processes.
2. Explain the following process terms: recycle, purge, bypass, limiting reactant and combustion reaction.
3. Draw and fully label a flowchart based on given process
description.
4. Solve a simple material balance calculations.
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CHAPTER
3
FUNDAMENTALS OF
MATERIAL
BALANCES:
DIFFERENTIAL MATERIAL
BALANCE
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Material Balance- Step-by-Step

EXAMPLE 3: Batch mixing process
The house special at Oswalds Oasis is a mixture containing 75 % C2H5OH by
mass, and the balance is water. The cost of alcohol has been increasing, however,
Oswald has decided that perhaps a 60 % blend would be just as effective. He has
on hand vat containing 350 gallons of the 75 % mixture (SG = 0.877) and can
purchase any desired amount of a 40 % mixture (SG = 0.952). How many gallons
of the latter mixture (40 % blend) must he buy?
SOLUTION:
Draw and label the flow chart diagram:

Since material balance cal. Can only be performed as mole or
mass balance, we need to change V = 350 gal to mass.
3
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2560.16 Ibm 75% blend sol.
(V = 350 gal, SG = 0.877
0.75 C2H5OH
0.25 Water
mixing
process
B Ibm 40% blend sol.

(V = ?, SG = 0.877)
P Ibm 60% blend sol.

0.60 C2H5OH
0.40 Water
0.40 C2H5OH
0.60 Water
Known basis: 2650.16 Ibm 75% blend solution.

DOF
Number of unknowns = 2 (B, P)
Number of independent equations = 2 (2 material balances + 0 information)
Unknown can be solved.
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Total mass balance:
input = output
2560.16 + B
= P ---------------(1)
Component balance:
Bal. on alcohol: 0.75(2560.16) + 0.40(B) = 0.60(P)
Divided by 0.60:
3200.20 + 0.667(B) = P ----------(2)
(1) (2):
-640.04 + 0.333(B) = 0
B = 1922.04 Ibm
Substitute B in equation (1):
2560.16 + 1922.04 = 4482.20
P = 4482.20 Ibm
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Converting B to volume:
.
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.
.
DIY
1. Vinegar with a strength of 4.63% (by weight) acetic acid is
mixed with 1000 kg of 36.0% acetic acid solution to
produce a mixture of 8.5% acid. How much of this 8.5%
acid solution is present?
2. Fish cake which contains 80% water and the remainder is
dry cake, is being dried in a rotary drum dryer in which
100 kg of water is removed. It is found that the fish cake is
then 40% water. Calculate the mass of the fish cake
originally put into the dryer.
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DIY
3. A concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing 20 wt.%
sulfuric acid is distilled water to produce a solution
containing 5 wt.% of acid. Determine how much the
distilled water and the concentrated solution must be
mixed to produce 600 Ibm of the diluted solution.
4. A cellulose solution contains 5.2 wt.% cellulose in water.
How many kilograms of 1.2% solution are required to
dilute 100 kg of 5.2 % solution to 4.2 %.
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DIY
5. If 100 g of Na2SO4 is dissolved in 200 g of water and the
solution is cooled until 100 g of Na2SO4.10H2O
crystallised out, determine:
a) The composition of the remaining solution (mother
liquor).
b) The grams of crystals recovered per 100 g of initial
solution.
6. 85 Ibmol gas mixture inside a tank consist of 80 % O2, 15 %
CO2 and N2. The mixture is then diluted with air in order
to reduce the concentration of O2 to 60%. Determine the
amount of air needed and the final composition of the
mixture after the dilution takes place. Assume that air
consists of 21% O2 and 79% N2.
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DIY
7. A drilling mud consists of 60.0% water and 40.0% special
clay. The driller wishes to increase the density of the mud
and a curve shows that 48% water will give the desired
density. Calculate the mass of bone-dry clay that must be
added per metric ton of the original mud to give the
desired composition.
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MATERIAL BALANCES
DIFFERENTIAL MATERIAL BALANCES ON A
STEADY-STATE BATCH PROCESS WITH NO
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
Recall:
Continuous process- is a process where all input and
output process streams cross into and out of the
process system boundary continuously.
A process is at steady state when the values of all of
its process variables do not change with time except
for very minor fluctuations.
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MATERIAL BALANCES
Therefore a steady-state continuous process is a
process where all input and output process streams
cross into and out of the process system boundary
continuously and the values of all of its process
variables do not change with time. For this type of
process, differential material balances are used.
Differential material balances for steady-state
continuous processes with no chemical reactions are
analogous to integral balance for steady-state batch
processes with no chemical reactions as discussed in
previous chapter, except that differential balance use
flow rates instead of amounts.
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MATERIAL BALANCES
Differential balances for steady-state continuous
processes with no chemical reactions can be written
as:
Please note that there are no generation and

consumption terms since there are no chemical
reactions and the accumulation term is dropped
because the system is at steady-state.
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Differential Material Balances

EXAMPLE 1: Balance on a mixing process
One method of determining the volumetric flow rate of a turbulently flowing
process stream is to inject small metered amounts of some easily dispersed fluid
and then to measure the concentration of this fluid in a sample of the mixed
stream withdrawn at a suitable distance downstream. Suppose a stream containing
95.0 mole% butane and 5.0 mole% O2 is injected with 16.3 gmol/h O2. A
downstream sample analyses 10 mole%O2. Calculate the flow rate of the process
stream.
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SOLUTION
Draw and label the flow chart diagram
U gmol/h process stream
0.95 Butane
0.05 O2
16.3 gmol/h O2
mixing
process
D gmol/h downstream
0.90 Butane
0.10 O2
Known basis: 16.3 gmol/h O2.

DOF
Number of unknowns = 2 (U, D)
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SOLUTION
Total mole balance:
input = output
U + 16.3 = D ---------------(a)
Component balance:
Balance on Butane
0.95(U) = 0.90(D)
Divide by 0.90:
1.056(U) = D -------------(b)
(a) (b):
-0.056(U) + 16.3 = 0
U = 293.17 gmol/h
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EXAMPLE 2: Balance on a distillation unit
In a distillation column, an equimolar mixture of ethanol, propanol and butanol is
separated into an overhead stream containing 66.33 mole% ethanol and no
butanol and a bottom stream containing no ethanol. Calculate the following:
a) The ratio of the overhead flow rate to the bottom flow rate.
b) The compositions of the bottom product.
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SOLUTION
Draw and label the flow chart diagram
D kgmol/h Overhead
0.6633 ethanol
0.3367 propanol
G kgmol/h gas mixture

1/3 etanol
1/3 propanol
1/3 butanol
Distillation
unit
B kgmol/h Bottom
x butanol
1-x propanol
Since all streams are unknowns, we must assign an assumed basis of calculation.
Assume that the basis of cal. = 100 kgmol/h gas mixture (G).
DOF
Number of unknowns = 3 (B, D, x)
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SOLUTION
Total mole balance:
input = output
100 = D + B
Component balance:
Ethanol mole bal.:
100/3 = 0.6633(D)
D = 50.25 kgmol/h
B = 49.75 kgmol/h
100/3 = 49.75(x) kgmol/h
x = 0.67
Butanol mole bal.:
.
.
a) Ratio of D/B =
b) Composition of bottom: 67% mole butanol
and 33% mole propanol.
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EXAMPLE 3: Balance on a humidification unit
Liquid water and air flow into a humidification chamber in which the water
evaporates completely. The entering air contains 1.0 mole% H2O (vapour), 20.8%
O2 and the balance N2. the humidification air contains 10.0 mole% H2O. Calculate
the volumetric flow rate (ft3/min) of liquid water required to humidify 200
Ibmol/min of the entering air as shown in the flow chart below.
W Ibmol/min liquid
200 Ibmol/min air

0.010 H2O
0.208 O2
0.782 N2
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H Ibmol/min humidified air
Dehumidification
process
0.10
H2O
x
O2
0.9 x N2
SOLUTION
Basis of cal. = 200 Ibmol/min air
DOF
Number of unknowns = 3 (W, H, x)

Number of independent equations = 3 (3 material
balances + 0 information)
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SOLUTION
Total Mole Balance:
Input = Output
W + 200 = H ---------------(a)
Component bal.:
Water mole bal.:
(a) (b):
W + 0.010(200) = 0.1(H) ---------(b)

198 = 0.9 (H)
H = 220 Ibmol/min
W = 20 Ibmol/min
Convert molar flow rate of liquid water to its volumetric
flow rate.
.
water.
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= 5.77 ft3/min liquid
MATERIAL BALANCES
MATERIAL BALANCES WITH CHEMICAL
REACTIONS:
Idea:
This section involves analyse and solve material
balance which involves chemical reactions .
The main idea is that the generation and
consumption terms can come into play in making
component mole balances.
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MATERIAL BALANCES
REACTIONS:
Main Concepts:
From general Mat. Bal.: [accumulation within the
system]=[input through system boundaries]-[output
through system boundaries]+[generation within the
system]-[consumption within the system]
Ideally, moles balance should be used when analysing
for element balances.
But, often in component and total balances, the moles
will not necessarily balance unless the generation and
consumption terms are taken into account.
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MATERIAL BALANCES
REACTIONS:
Example:
1C
1 O2
Combustion
1 CO2
C + O2 = CO2
Analysis:
Total moles in are = 2
Total moles out are = 1
The mole of O2 in are = 1
The moles of O2 out (as O2) are = 0
If we take into account the Rxn. Equation and assume complete
reaction of the O2, then the generation term for O2 = 0
And the consumption term has a value of 1.
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MATERIAL BALANCES
REACTIONS:
Example:
1C
1 O2
Combustion
1 CO2
C + O2 = CO2
Thus the mat bal for O2 in moles would be:

Accu. = in out + gen - consumption
O2:
0
1 0
0
1
What would the mole balances on C and CO2 as compounds be?
C:
0
1 1
0
0
O:
0
2 2
0
0
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MATERIAL BALANCES
REACTIONS:
Example:
1C
1 O2
Combustion
1 CO2
C + O2 = CO2
Compare these two balances with the mass balances for the elements.
How do the mass balances on the elements differ from the mole bal. on
the elements?
C:
0
12 12
0
0
O:
0
16 16
0
0
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MATERIAL BALANCES
REACTIONS:
Example:
1C
1 O2
Combustion
1 CO2
C + O2 = CO2
Often for convenience the element bal in moles might be made on one C
and 2 oxygens (O2). Not meaning the compound O2.
C:
O:
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0
1 1
0
0
0
1 1
0
0
MATERIAL BALANCES- Multiple Unit Processes

It is very rare that raw materials undergo only a
single process. Often these materials have to go
through a series processes before final products are
obtained. This series of processes is called a multipleunit processes.
Process 1
Unit 1
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Process 2
Unit 2
Process 3
Unit 3

Take cooking oil for example.
Producing cooking oil from soybean takes quite a
long series of processes. Soybeans have to be cleaned,
crushed, rolled into flakes before oil could be
extracted using hexane solvent. Then, the oil has to
be separated from hexane by heating. The oil is then
refined, deodorised, decolourised or bleached before
it is ready for packaging.
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Multiple Unit Processes

Industrial process is rarely a one unit process.
The reactants have to go through several units
before becoming finished products
Unit 1
Unit 2

For multiple unit calculations, DOF analysis
has to be done for each boundary to see which
one that can be solved first
This is critical before starting any calculation,
so that you will not waste time solving
balances that cant be solved without solving
others

Figure 4.1: Example of multiple-unit process problem
200 g/s C
475 g/s
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
M g/s
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
P g/s
100 g/s A
0.012
0.588
0.400
A
B
C

Figure 4.2: Overall boundary
200 g/s C
Overall boundary
475 g/s
M g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Single boundary
100 g/s A
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
A
B
C

The most important thing to do is to select a boundary at
which material balance calculation can be performed.
A boundary is real or imaginary border that separate a
system that we want to study the material balance
calculation.
Everything outside the boundary is called surrounding and
thus is not involved in the material balance calculation.

When a boundary is drawn, it becomes a black box
which means that everything that occurs inside the
boundary is ignored.
We do not care what happen inside the box. What
matters is how many inputs and output that cross the
boundary.
The flow chart diagram boundary is now similar to
that of a single stage.

Proper analysis of unknowns and independent
equations (DOF) must be done before attempting to
solve material balance calculations for a boundary.
Start with the overall boundary.
Overall boundary is a boundary that covers the
entire process (Figure 4.2).
Follow the same procedure as in differential
balance.

EXAMPLE 4.2a: Condition 1 (Overall boundary)
200 g/s C
475 g/s
x
A
y
B
1xy C
800 g/s
Overall
boundary
0.2 A
0.8 B
P g/s
DOF
No of unknowns = 3 (x, y, P)
No of ind. equa. = 3 (A, B, C)
Has a unique solution- can be solved
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100 g/s A
0.012
0.588
0.400
A
B
C

Figure 4.2b: Overall boundary
200 g/s C
Unit 1 + mixing boundary

475 g/s
M g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
100 g/s A
A
B
C

EXAMPLE 4.2b: Condition 2 (Unit 1 + Mixing point)
200 g/s C
800 g/s
Unit 1 + mixing
boundary
0.2 A
0.8 B
DOF
No of unknowns = 3 (m, n, N)
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100 g/s A
N g/s
m
A
n
B
1mn C

Figure 4.2c: Overall boundary
200 g/s C
Mixing + Unit 2 boundary

475 g/s
M g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
100 g/s A
A
B
C

EXAMPLE 4.2c: Condition 3 (Mixing point + Unit 2)
200 g/s C
N g/s
m
A
n
B
1mn C
M g/s
Mixing + Unit 2
boundary
z
A
(1-z) B
P g/s
DOF
No of unknowns = 6 (m, n, z, M, N, P)
No unique solution can not be
solved
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100 g/s A
m
A
n
B
1mn C

Figure 4.2d: Overall boundary
200 g/s C
Unit 1 boundary
475 g/s
M g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
100 g/s A
A
B
C

EXAMPLE 4.2d: Condition 4 (Unit 1 only)
800 g/s
Unit 1
boundary
0.2 A
0.8 B
DOF
No of unknowns = 2 (z, M)
No of ind. equa. = 2 (A, B)
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100 g/s A
M g/s
z
(1-z)
A
B

Figure 4.2e: Overall boundary
200 g/s C
Unit 2 boundary
475 g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
M g/s
N g/s
z
A
(1-z) B
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
100 g/s A
A
B
C

EXAMPLE 4.2e: Condition 5 (Unit 2 only)
475 g/s
x
A
y
B
(1 x y) C
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1 m n) C
DOF
No of unknowns = 6 (m, n, x, y, N, P)
No unique solution can not be solved
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Unit 2
boundary
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
A
B
C

Figure 4.2f: Overall boundary
200 g/s C
475 g/s
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
Mixing boundary
M g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
100 g/s A
A
B
C

EXAMPLE 4.2f: Condition 6 (Mixing point)
200 g/s C
M g/s
Mixing point
boundary
z
A
(1-z) B
DOF
No of unknowns = 5 (m, n, z, M, N)
No unique solution can not be
solved
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N g/s
m
A
n
B
1mn C

Picking the right boundary for material bal. is the
most important key to solving mat. bal. for multipleunit processes.
Solve for unknowns for boundary which has the
number of unknowns equal to the number of
independent equations or DOF = 0.

Example 4.1.
Determine the values of ALL unknown in the steady-state twounit processes below.
200 g/s C
475 g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
100 g/s A
M g/s
z
A
(1-z) B
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
A
B
C

Step-by-step solution
Firstly, make sure the block and arrow diagram is
completely labeled and every unknown is identified.
Analyses ALL possible boundary by determining the
number of unknowns and the number of independent
equations or DOF analysis.
Start with the overall boundary

If DOF = 0 then solve for the unknowns.
If DOF 0 then go to other boundary.
Solve for any boundary that contains the number of unknowns
equal to the number of independent equations or the value of
DOF = 0.

Example 4.1.
200 g/s C
Overall boundary
475 g/s
M g/s
800 g/s
0.2 A
0.8 B
Unit 1
z
A
(1-z) B
x
A
y
B
(1-x-y) C
N g/s
m
A
n
B
(1-m-n) C
Unit 2
P g/s
0.012
0.588
0.400
100 g/s A
A
B
C

EXAMPLE 4.2a: Condition 1 (Overall boundary)
200 g/s C
475 g/s
x
A
y
B
1xy C
800 g/s
Overall
boundary
0.2 A
0.8 B
P g/s
DOF
No of unknowns = 3 (x, y, P)
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100 g/s A
0.012
0.588
0.400
A
B
C

Since the number of unknowns (x, y, P) are equal to
the number of independent equations, we can
proceed to solve the problem.
SOLUTION
Material balance for overall boundary
input = output
Total mat. bal: 800 + 200 = 100 + 475 + P
P = 425 g/s

Component balance:
input = output
A balance:
0.2(800) = 100 + 475x + 0.012(425)
x = 0.116
B balance:
0.8(800) = 475y + 0.588(425)

y = 0.821

Material balance at unit 1 boundary
800 g/s
Unit 1
boundary
0.2 A
0.8 B
DOF
No of unknowns = 2 (z, M)
No of ind. equa. = 2 (A, B)
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100 g/s A
M g/s
z
(1-z)
A
B

Total material balance:
input = output
800 = M + 100
M = 700 g/s
Component balance:
A balance:
0.2(800) = 100 + z(700)
z = 0.086

Material balance at mixing point
200 g/s C
700 g/s
Mixing point
boundary
0.086 A
0.914 B
DOF
No of unknowns = 3 (m, n, N)
Has unique solution can be solved
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N g/s
m
A
n
B
1mn C

Total material balance:
input = output
700 +200 = N
N = 900 g/s
Component balance:
A balance:
0.086(700) = m(900)
m = 0.067
B balance:
0.914(700) = n(900)
n = 0.711

Example 4.2.
Acetone is used in the manufacture of many chemicals and also
as a solvent. In its latter role, many restrictions are placed on
the release of acetone vapour to the environment. As a chemical
engineer you are assigned to design an acetone recovery system
having the flowchart as shown in the figure below. All the
concentrations shown are specified in weight percent.
Determine the values of A, F, W, B and D per hour.

A kg/h gas out
W kg/h water
D kg/h Distillate
0.995 air
0.005 water
Condenser
0.99 acetone
0.01 water
Distillation
column
Absorber
column
100 kg/h gas in

0.03
0.02
0.95
acetone
water
air
F kg/h
0.19 acetone
0.81 water
B kg/h Bottom
0.04 acetone
0.96 water

A kg/h gas out
W kg/h water
0.995 air
0.005 water
D kg/h Distillate
Condenser
0.99 acetone
0.01 water
Distillation
column
Absorber
column
100 kg/h gas in

0.03
0.02
0.95
acetone
water
air
F kg/h
0.19 acetone
0.81 water
B kg/h Bottom
0.04 acetone
0.96 water

DOF
Analysing the overall boundary
No of unknowns = 4 (W, A, D, B)
No of ind. equa. = 3 (3 material balance + 0 information)
No unique solution can not be solved
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A kg/h gas out
W kg/h water
0.995 air
0.005 water
D kg/h Distillate
Condenser
0.99 acetone
0.01 water
Distillation
column
Absorber
column
100 kg/h gas in

0.03
0.02
0.95
acetone
water
air
F kg/h
0.19 acetone
0.81 water
B kg/h Bottom
0.04 acetone
0.96 water

DOF
Analysing the absorber boundary
No of unknowns = 3 (W, A, F)
No of ind. equa. = 3 (3 material balance + 0 information)
Has unique solution can be solved
SOLUTION:
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Material balance at the absorber boundary:
Component balance:
input = output
Air mass balance:
0.95(100) = A(0.995)
A = 95.48 kg/h
Acetone balance:
Total mass balance:
0.03(100) = (0.19)F
F = 15.79 kg/h
100 + W = A + F
100 + W = 95.48 + 15.79
W = 11.27 kg/h

Material balance at the overall boundary:
Total mass balance:
input = output
100 + 11.27 = 95.48 + D + B -------(a)
Component balance:
Water mass balance:
0.02(100) + 11.27 = 0.005(95.48) + 0.01D + 0.96B
( 0.96) yields: 13.326 = 0.01042D + B ----------------------(b)
(a) (b) yields: 2.464 = 0.9896D
D = 2.490 kg/h
B = 13.30 kg/h

DIY
1.
Sea water containing 3.5 wt.% salt passes through a series of 10 evaporators.
Roughly equal quantities of water are vaporised in each of the 10 units and
are then condensed and combined to obtained a product stream of fresh
water. The brine solution (concentrated salt solution) at the outlet of the last
evaporator contains 5.00 wt.% salt. If 30,000 kg/h of sea water are fed to the
process, calculate:
a) The fraction of the fresh water obtained from the sea water.
b) The weight percent of salt in the solution leaving the forth evaporator.
2.
A liquid mixture containing 30 mole% benzene (B), 25 mole% toluene (T)

and 45 mole% xylene (X) is fed at a rate of 1275 kmol/h to a distillation
system which consists of two distillation columns. The bottom product from
the first column is to contain 99 mole% X and no B, and 98 % of the X is to
be recovered in this stream. The overhead product from the second column
contains 99 mole% B and no X. The benzene recovered in this stream
represents 96 % of the B in the feed of this column. Calculate:
12/14/2013

a) The molar flow rates (kmol/h) in each product stream from both
columns.
b) The mole fractions of each components in each product stream.
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3) A two-stage separation unit is shown below. Given the input stream F1 is
1000 Ib/h. Calculate the value and composition of F2.
P1 Ib/h
P2D Ib/h
0.01 toluene
0.99 benzene
F1 Ib/h
0.4
0.4
0.2
toluene
benzene
xylene
0.95 toluene
0.05 benzene
Unit 2
Unit 1
F2 Ib/h
P2B Ib/h
0.1 toluene
0.9 xylene
12/14/2013

4) The following flow chat diagram shows a sytem for an extraction-distillation
processes. Determine the values of ALL unknowns if 40.16 % of acetone fed
to the distillation column is recovered in the overhead stream.
75 kg M
100 kg M
43.1 kg
100 kg feed
0.5 A
0.5 W
Extractor
E1
P kg M
Q kg A
R kg W
E1 kg
Extractor
E2
0.053 A
0.016 M
0.0931
E2 kg
0.09 A
0. 88 M
0.03 W
0.275
A
x
M
0.725 - x W
V kg Overhead
0.97 A
0.02 M
0.01 W
Distillation
column
C kg M
D kg A
E kg W
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F kg M
G kg A
H kg W
MATERIAL BALANCES
DIY
5. 100 kg aqueous feed solution containing 25.8 wt.% acetic acid
is to extracted with isopropyl ether in a series of cross-flow
extractor which consists of three single stage extractors as
shown in the diagram below. In each stage, 100 kg isopropyl
ether is used and assuming that equilibrium is attained in
each stage. Determine:
a) The composition of the combined extract.
b) The percent acid extracted by the cross-flow extractor.
12/14/2013
MATERIAL BALANCES
Stage 1
Extract
Extract
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Stage 2
100 kg ether
Raffinate
100 kg feed
100 kg ether
Raffinate
100 kg ether
Stage 3
Extract
Raffinate
Combined extract
MATERIAL BALANCES
DIY
6. A labeled flowchart of a continuous steady-state two-unit
distillation process is shown below. Determine the unknown
flow rates M, N, P and their compositions.
9 kg/h A
21 kg/h B
30 kg/h
60 wt.% A
40 wt.% B
M kg/h
Feed
50 kg/h A
50 kg/h B
Unit 1
N kg/h
Unit 2
P kg/h
36 kg/h A
4 kg/h B
12/14/2013
MATERIAL BALANCES
DIY
7.
Sea water containing 3.5 wt.% salt passes through a series of 5 evaporators.
Roughly equal quantities of water are vaporised in each of the 5 units and are
then condensed and combined to obtained a product stream of fresh water. If
20,000 kg/h of sea water are fed to the process and the fraction of the fresh
water obtained from the sea water is 0.2, calculate:
a) The composition of brine solution at the outlet of the final evaporator.
b) The amount of water produced per evaporator.
12/14/2013
MATERIAL BALANCES
DIY
8.
Several streams are mixed as shown in the flowchart below. All compositions
are in weight percent. Calculate the values of ALL unknowns and the
composition of stream C.
D kg/min
A kg/min
Unit 1
4 % NaCl
5 % HCl
4% H2SO4
87 % H2O
C kg/min
Unit 2
HCl
H2SO4
96 % H2O
E kg/min
1.5 % HCl
1.5 % H2SO4
97 % H2O
290 kg/min
B kg/min
9 % inert solid
91 % H2O
12/14/2013
1.38 %
2.55 %
2.21%
92.32 %
NaCl
HCl
H2SO4
H2O
Inert solid

Chap 4 - Mat Bal 03-1

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Mass and Energy Balance Lecture

Office: 03-55444604 email: cmt435massnengybal@gmail.com; razuan@salam.uitm.edu.my

Education is the kindling of a flame, not

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Material Balance- Step-by-Step

Draw and label the flow chart diagram:

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Material Balance- Step-by-Step

B Ibm 40% blend sol.

P Ibm 60% blend sol.

Known basis: 2650.16 Ibm 75% blend solution.

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Material Balance- Step-by-Step

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Material Balance- Step-by-Step

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Please note that there are no generation and

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Differential Material Balances

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Known basis: 16.3 gmol/h O2.

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Differential Material Balances

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G kgmol/h gas mixture

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Butanol mole bal.:

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Differential Material Balances

200 Ibmol/min air

H Ibmol/min humidified air

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Basis of cal. = 200 Ibmol/min air

Number of unknowns = 3 (W, H, x)

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W + 0.010(200) = 0.1(H) ---------(b)

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= 5.77 ft3/min liquid

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Thus the mat bal for O2 in moles would be:

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Accu. = in out + gen - consumption

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MATERIAL BALANCES- Multiple Unit Processes

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MATERIAL BALANCES- Multiple Unit Processes

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MATERIAL BALANCES- Multiple Unit Processes

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