Zke E38 E39

Subject
Page
Lamp Module and Xenon Lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Lamp Module (LM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
LM I.P.O.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Input Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Emergency Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Light Check Module (LCM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Light Check Module III (LCM III). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Xenon Headlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Xenon Bulb Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Xenon Headlight Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
LWR- Headlight Beam Throw Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
LWR Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
LWR I.P.O.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Multi Information Displays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
E38 Multi Information Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
MID Self Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
On-Board Computer (BC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
E39/E53 Multi-Information Display (MID). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
MID Self Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
MID Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
On-Board Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Multi Function Steering Wheel (MFL) and Cruise Control II (GRII). . . . . . . 101
Multi Function Steering Wheel (MFL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Heated Steering Wheel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
GR II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Components of the system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
GR II I.P.O.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Plausibility/Safety Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Diagnosis/Encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Audio Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
E38 Without Board Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Radio Test Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
E39/E53 Without Board Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Radio Test Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
New Generaton Radios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Park Distance Control (PDC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
PDC Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
System Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Review Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
LAMP MODULE (LM, LCM, LCM III) AND XENON LIGHTS

Model: E38, E39, E53
Production Date: From start of production
Objectives
After completing this module you should be able to:
Recognize the various changes made to the LM/LCM over the years.
List the functions performed by the LM/LCM.
Describe how the LCM monitors the external lights.
Explain how the LCM stores redundant data.
Describe the operation of Xenon lights.
Know how to troubleshoot a Xenon light circuit.
List the components used in the LWR system.
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Driver Information Systems
Lamp Module (LM) (E38 start of production up to 9/95)

The Lamp Module (LM) is designed to control and monitor all the outside lights on the
vehicle. Various displays and switches are also illuminated by an LM function.
The LM incorporates power transistor output stages with internal protection circuits. This
eliminates the need for fuses and relays that are found on earlier lamp control systems.
The LM is located in the passenger side kick panel behind the footwell speaker. This
location provides an airflow across the external heatsink to cool the LM.
The LM reduces a number of components
that were used in the past. Eliminated are:
Numerous relays
Flasher unit
Crash control unit (relay)
Cold check relay
Dimmer
The LM transmits and receives status

information concerning light operation.
The LM transmits bulb status to the check
control module.
It also communicates to the IKE when
turn signal, highbeam, and fog light
indicators need to be activated.
The LM is informed by ZKE when a
crash has occurred or the alarm was
tripped for headlight / flasher activation.
When reverse is selected, the LM is
signaled to turn on the back-up lights.
All of this communication takes place over
the Bus system.
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The LM monitors most of the vehicles lighting circuits with warm and cold check functions.
The warm check is performed by electronic diagnosis at the output stages.

Cold checking is done by switching on the light circuits briefly. In other words, it is
a very rapid warm check. This is repeated in timed cycles.
In order to simplify wiring in the E38, the LM operates the brake lights with inputs received
from an electronic brake light switch.
For safety purposes, the LM is designed with emergency functions in case of failure. The
failure of any one component doesnt disable the entire system.
Important vehicle-specific data is stored in the LM. Replacement of this module is covered
in the IKE module of this training handout.
BULB MONITORING
The extent of bulb checking is governed
by LM coding. Certain monitoring
functions can be shut down. For
instance, if Xenon low beam lights are
installed, low beam cold check is turned
off.
Faulty turn signal bulbs and circuits are
indicted by rapid flashing of the cluster
indicator.
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Bulb
Watt
Rating
Low Beam Headlight

High Beam Headlight
Foglight
Front Side Light
Blinkers
Blinker Indicators
Tail Lights
License Plate Lights
Brake Lights
Back up Lights
65
55
55
5
21
5
5
10
21
21
Monitoring
Hot Cold
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
As introduced
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Input Signals
Input signals to the lighting module are from the following switches:
Park / low-beam light switch

High-beam/headlight flash switch
Turn signal switch
Fog light switch
Hazard switch
Brake light switch
Dimmer control
These inputs are ground switched except for the brake light switch.
Brake Light Switch - Brake light switch is a hall-effect transmitter with three connections.
The first connection is power, supplied from KL R, with the second being ground. The third
connection is the signal wire to the LM.
If the brake switch or its circuits fail, the brake lights will be permanently on from KL R.
Dimmer - The LM control KL 58g (instrument cluster, LCD, and switch back lighting). By
using a pulse-width modulated power supply, dimming commands are input to the LM by
way of a potentiometer wired to ground.
Light switch illumination - A separate circuit is used to back light the symbol of the light
switch. The symbols are fully illuminated when KL R is switched on and the lights are off.
After the lights have been turned on, the switch back lighting is reduced to the same
intensity as KL 58g.
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EMERGENCY OPERATION
If there is a failure of the LM processor, an emergency circuit is activated within the LM. This
will allow the following lights to function for driving safety.
Side marker/tail lights

Low-beam lights
Brake lights
Turn signals
In emergency operation the following lights will not operate

Dimming control (full bright)
Hazard lights
High-beam lights
Headlight flash
Fog lights
Back-up lights
The I-BUS communication to the LM will also be interrupted.
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Light Check Module (LCM) (E38 and E39 from 9/95 to 9/98)
The Light Check Module (LCM) combines the functions of the Check Control and Light
Modules previously installed in the 1995 E38. The LCM provides a cost savings by
combining the two functions into one processor.
It is installed in the right kick panel where the LM of
the 95 E38 was installed. Both versions of instrument
clusters use the LCM for processing Check Control
data and controlling the exterior lighting functions of
the vehicle. The LCM communicates with other
modules over the I and K busses. Functions of the
LCM include:
Monitoring of all check control inputs

Formation and output of check control messages or signals
Control of all vehicle external lighting
Monitoring of all external lighting for operation
Instrument panel illumination dimming (KL 58g) signal
Control of instrument cluster indicator lights - for high beam, turn signal and fog light
indicators.
For proper operation of the Check Control and lamp control functions, the LCM must be
coded with the Central Coding Key (ZCS) if replacement is required.
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Light Check Module III (LCM III) (E38, E39, E53 from 9/98)
The light check module LCM was redesigned as of 9/98 production. It is identified as the
LCM III.
The module itself has been redesigned with new semi-conductor final stages that produce
less heat in operation. This has allowed for the elimination of the protruding heat sink found
on the previous LCM.
The total scope of function and features has been expanded to improve the comfort and
safety for the driver and passengers of the vehicle. Feature and functional changes to the
LCM III include:
Replacement lighting for the parking lights

Limiting of output voltage to the lamps
Follow Me Home (delayed exit) lighting
Replacement Lighting
The LCM can use substitute bulbs for various lights if a failure should occur, for example:
Front Parking Lights: If one of the parking lamps should fail, the LCM will illuminate
the turn signal bulb on the affected side. The lamp will be dimmed by the LCM so that
the intensity is the same as the parking lamp.
Rear Taillights: If one of the rear taillights should fail, the LCM will switch on the brake
lamp on the affected side. The lamp will be dimmed to the intensity of the tail lamp.
Output Voltage Limiting Function

The output voltage applied to the parking and tail lamps is regulated to increase the life of
the lamps. If the voltage at the LCM increases over 12.5 volts, the LCM will reduce the
voltage to 12 volts.
Follow Me Home Lighting
This convenience feature provides lighting for the driver and passengers to leave the vehicle
and enter their homes.
The feature is switched "ON" by pulling the headlight flasher switch after the headlights and
ignition have been switched OFF. The feature is switched OFF after a coded time delay or
by switching the ignition ON.
79
Xenon Headlights
Overview
The automotive industry/press often identify xenon lighting systems as HID (high intensity
discharge) systems. Xenon headlight technology was first introduced to the US market
exclusively on the E32 750iL in 1993. BMW xenon headlight systems have evolved and
their availability as optional equipment has spread throughout the model lineup.
Blue/White in color and using ellipsoidal technology Xenon headlights provide improved
night time visibility in all driving conditions compared with traditional Halogen bulb headlights.
Benefits:
Xenon headlights provide the following benefits:
Longer bulb life. Typically, xenon bulbs will last from 3 to 5 times longer than halogen.
More light output. Xenon headlights produce from 2.5 to 3 times more lumens than
halogen.
Blue/White light (simulates natural daylight). Xenon bulbs produce a blue/white light
while halogen bulbs produce a yellow light. The light color of a light source is measured
in color temperature (not to be confused with thermal temperature). Color temperature
is measured in Kelvins (K). The higher the color temperature the whiter the light.
Natural daylight = 4,500 to 5,000 K

Xenon headlights = 4,000 to 4,500 K
Halogen headlights = 3,200 K (yellow in color)
Better driving visibility. The

combination of higher lumens and
higher color temperature provide a
superior lighting source.
The beam is wider and brighter in
front of the vehicle than conventional halogen bulbs improving safety
and driver comfort.
Lower operating temperature.
Lower power consumption.
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Version Identification & System Summaries

Version identification is specific to vehicle model with the exception of the E38.
There are two E38 Xenon systems. The early system identified as Generation 2.1 and
equipped on 95-98 model year 750iL vehicles. The headlight design of this version has a
flat bottom edge.
The Generation 3 system was introduced on 1999 model year E38 vehicles. This system can be visually identified by the rounded bottom edge.
LWR: All Xenon systems from M.Y. 99 are also equipped with LWR (Headlight Beam Throw
Control). This system automatically adjusts the vertical position of the headlight beams to
compensate for vehicle loads ensuring optimum beam throw. LWR components and function is described further on in this section.
Headlight Replacement Parts: In previous model years, individual replacement parts
were not available for headlight assemblies. This was due to the Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standards (FMVSS) relating to pitting or corrosion of the reflector components in
non-sealed beam light assemblies.
BMW has recently submitted corrosion test data for headlight replacement components
which have passed the FMVSS providing availability of headlight assembly spare parts. The
approval has been given for all Bosch headlight assemblies (including halogen systems).
Vehicle/
Model
Model
Year
Manufacturer(s)/
Version ID
LWR- Head
Light Beam
Throw Cont.
Individual
Replacement
Parts Available
E32/
750iL
93-94
Hella (Light &

CM control module)
Generation 1
No
No
E38/
750iL
95-98
Bosch (Light & CM)

Generation 2.1
No
Yes
E38/
All
99-01
Bosch (light)
Hella (CM)
Generation 3
Yes
Yes
E39
All
99-
Hella
Generation 3
Yes
No
E46
99-
Bosch (Light & CM)
Yes
Yes
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Xenon High Intensity Discharge Bulbs

Xenon bulbs are identified as D-2S (D=Discharge).
Xenon bulbs illuminate when an arc of electrical current is established between two electrodes in the bulb.
The xenon gas sealed in the bulb reacts to the electrical excitation and heat generated by the current flow.
The distinct bluish/white brilliant light is the result of the
xenon gas reacting to the controlled current flow.
Phases of Bulb Operation:
Starting Phase: The bulb requires an initial high voltage starting pulse of 18-25kV to establish the arc.
Warm Up Phase: Once the arc is established the power supply to the bulb is regulated to
2.6A generating a lamp output of 75 watts. This is the period of operation where the xenon
gas begins to brightly illuminate. The warm up phase stabilizes the environment in the bulb
ensuring continual current flow across the electrodes.
Continuous Phase: Once the warm up phase is completed, the system switches to a continuous mode of operation. The supply voltage for the bulb is reduced and the operating
power required for continual bulb illumination is reduced to 35 watts which is less than a
conventional halogen bulb.
Functional Description
To regulate the power supply to the bulbs, additional components are required. The xenon
control modules (1 per light) receive operating power from the lighting control module (LCM
E38/E39/E53) when the headlights are switched on. The xenon control modules provide
the regulated power supply to illuminate the bulbs through their phases of operation.
The igniters establish the electric arcs. Integral coils generate the initial high voltage starting pulses from the control module provided starting voltage. Thereafter they provide a
closed circuit for the regulated power output from the control modules.
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Xenon Bulb Monitoring

Xenon bulb function is monitored by the Lighting Control Module (LCM E38/E39/E53). The
bulbs are only hot monitored. Cold monitoring is not possible since the lighting control
module is not in direct control of the xenon bulb. For this reason cold monitoring for low
beam headlights is encoded off in the lighting control module for Xenon headlight equipped
vehicle.
The lighting control module detects xenon bulb failure via a reduction in current flow to the
xenon control module. When a bulb fails, the xenon control modules current consumption
drops to 60mA indicating unsuccessful xenon bulb illumination. The lighting control module then posts the appropriate matrix display message or LED illumination in the Check
Control Pictogram display of the E53 and E39 Low Instrument Clusters.
Xenon Headlight Assembly Components (Example - E53)
Xenon Control
Module Cover
H-7 Halogen Bulb

(High Beam)
Rubber Cover Boot
Xenon Control Module
LWR Stepper Motor

Igniter
Gasket Seal
D-2S Xenon Bulb

(Low Beam)
Light Frame Assembly

Replaceable Lens Cover
83
Xenon Headlight Testing

Warning: Xenon headlight control systems generate high output voltage. Prior to headlight removal or testing observe the vehicle warning labels and be cautious by following
safeguards to prevent accidental injury.
Xenon headlight systems (control
module, igniter and bulb) produced
prior to 9/98 can be tested with
Special Test Adapter (P/N 90 88 6
631 000) in conjunction with the DIS
Pre-set Measurements System.
The DIS Measuring System includes all
of the cable connection information
and procedures for the test.
Generation III Xenon lights on vehicles
produced after 9/98 are tested with a
different tool. Xenon test adaptor P/N 90 88 6 631 010 is used along with DIS/MoDiC preset measurements Xenon lights after 9/1998.
The Generation III test adaptor uses the 50 amp test cable with both the MoDiC or DISplus.
1&2 Adaptor connected in series with

headlight harness.
3
MFK 1 Pos. and Neg. input leads.
4
50 Amp clip on probe.
Xenon Generation III Test Light Cable (90 88 6

631 010)
In addition to the Measurement System tests there are also Test Modules available in the
Diagnosis Program to diagnose vehicles with Generation 3 Xenon lights.
84
LWR - Headlight Beam Throw Control

Overview
LWR automatically adjusts the vertical positioning of the headlights to maintain optimum
headlight beam positioning for maximum driving visibility and to prevent undue glare for
oncoming motorists. The system compensates for vehicle load angle changes (ie: diminishing reserve of gasoline in fuel tank during a long journey, overloaded cargo weight, etc.)
LWR has been available on BMW vehicles in other markets for quite some time. Starting
with the 1999 model year all US market vehicles with Xenon Lights incorporated LWR as
standard equipment. LWR is not available with standard halogen headlights.
LWR monitors the vehicles loaded angle via two hall effect sensors mounted to the front
and rear suspension members. When an adjustment is necessary, LWR simultaneously
activates two stepper motors (one in each headlight assembly).
The stepper motors drive a threaded rod that moves the lower edge of the headlight carrier plate forward and backward (depending on driven direction). The upper edge of the
headlight carrier plate is fixed on a pivot. The pivoting movement adjusts the vertical position of the headlight beam.
85
LWR Components
Control Electronics
LWR Control Module - E38 & E39 Vehicles:
The LWR control module is located in the electronics carrier forward of the glovebox. The
control module connects to a single, 26 pin, yellow harness connector. The control module has diagnostic capabilities and communicates with the DIS/MoDiC via the K bus - IKE
gateway to the D bus.
E38 LWR Control Module Location

Location
E39/E53 LWR Control Module
Level Sensors
LWR monitors two hall effect level sensors to determine vehicle load angle. The sensors
are mounted to a fixed point on the suspension carriers of the front and rear axles.
A lever is connected to the moving suspension member which changes the sensors output linear voltage signal as the suspension
moves up and down.
Note: E39 sport wagon vehicles with EHC
have a dual output sensor at the right rear
location. This sensor shares the same housing as the EHC systems right rear level sensor.
86
Headlight Adjustment Stepper Motors

One stepper motor is located inside each
headlight assembly.
The 4 wire stepper motors are controlled
by the LWR control electronics to change
the vertical headlight position.
Functional Description
The E38/E39 system comes on-line when the lights are switched on.
The LWR control electronics then cycles the stepper motors through their full range of
motion and stops at a default position.
The control electronics monitors the level sensor input signals to determine the vehicles
load angle and adjusts the beam position accordingly. As the vehicle is driven it continually monitors the level sensor signals and if necessary updates the headlight beam positions
every 25 seconds on the E46 or momentarily on the E38/E39 system.
Abrupt fluctuations of the sensor signals are filtered to prevent unnecessary adjustment as
well as monitoring road speed and brake pedal application as correction factors.
HEADLIGHT ALIGNMENT
The procedure for aligning Xenon Headlights with LWR is the same as conventional halogen bulb systems with one additional step. Wait at least 30 seconds for the LWR to cycle
and adjust to its calculated position.
LWR DIAGNOSIS
The LWR control module of the E38/E39 is diagnosible using the DIS/MoDiC. The headlights must be switched on in order to start diagnosis.
The E46 LSZ incorporates LWR diagnosis program.
87
LWR SYSTEM IPO SCHEMATICS
88
MULTI INFORMATION DISPLAYS

Model: E38, E39, E53
Production Date: E38: from start of production to 3/99
E39/E53 from start of production
Objectives
Explain how information is sent to the MID.
Describe what operations are possible using the MID.
Know how to perform a self-test on various MID units.
89
E38 Multi-Information Display

One of the design parameters of the E38 was to create a more tranquil interior.
The objectives were:
Reduce the number of control buttons

Easier operation
Displays that are easier to understand
More precise information
Higher visibility of text
High Quality appearance
These objectives are achieved with the multi-information display (MID).

The MID incorporates the controls for the audio system, telephone and on board computer.
Since the same format is being used to control each of these systems, operation is more
convenient.
The MID doesnt perform any calculations. It is an input request / display unit using signals
to and from the IKE.
The MID is designed with two displays
Main display- A 32 character display for presentation of primary information
Menu Display- 6 small displays for labeling the button functions.
90
Menu buttons - The buttons are designed as rover switches having a left side and right
side contact. The function of each button changes as the different systems are selected.
Selector buttons- These buttons are used to select the desired system to be used:
Audio - calls up radio, tape, and CD control for operation and programming
functions.
Telephone - used to program and call up phone numbers.
Time/BC - calls up clock and BC function for programming and display.
Search Button Radio - Will activate search for radio stations in either up or down scale directions.
Tape - activates music search in forward or reverse tape direction.
CD - activates title search up or down the title list.
Volume control
Push button that turns the audio system on and off.
Rotary knob that controls the volume of the audio system and telephone hands free
speakers.
Status Led
LEDs that are red, yellow, green for signaling the status of the telephone.
A red fan symbol that signals to status of parked car ventilation.
Because of the increase in size of the main display, information from more than one system
can be displayed at the same time i.e. radio station and time.
91
MID Self Test

The MID test function is activated by pressing the first and last menu buttons while
switching the ignition on. The following items can be tested.
Unit Identification - This information appears for approximately 3 seconds when the
ignition is switched on. The ID information displayed is:
Hardware number
Software number
Variant index
All other test functions must be activated while the ID information is displayed. If this is not
done, the MID test is cancelled after the ID information is posted.
Display Test: Activate this test by pressing the display menu button. All elements of the
main and menu displays are illuminated with different check patterns.
Button test: Start the test by pressing the button test menu button. All the buttons on
the MID have been assigned an alphabetical letter that will appear when the button is
pressed.
Volume control test: The test is carried out by pressing the menu button and turning the
volume knob. Numbers from 01 to 36 appear on the display indicating each step of knob
rotation.
Status LED test: Activate the test by pressing the menu button. All status LEDs are
illuminated.
92
On-Board Computer (BC)

The processing and display of the on-board computer functions is carried out by the IKE.
The IKE receives and evaluates all of the BC required data. The BC functions can be called
UP for display on the MID or the Instrument Cluster matrix.
The following BC functions are available for display.
Time
Date
Average speed
Range
Distance
Arrival Time
Average fuel
consumption
Limit
Timer/Stopwatch
Code
The outside temperature measurement is not a BC function. The temperature is

continuously displayed in the instrument cluster and is used to activate the freeze warning.
BC OPERATION
Operation and programming the BC functions has changed to suit the new MID layout.
Entering time/date
1. Press clock button
2. Set time with menu buttons
3. Press set button to start the clock
Date is automatically displayed

Program the date with the same procedure.
Reset time
1. Call up clock with clock button
2. Press clock button again
3. Press the Set button
4. Reset time
5. Press set button to restart clock
Reset date
1. Press the clock button twice
2. Select the date function
3. Press the set button
4. Reset the date
5. Press set button to acknowledge the
new date
93
The remaining BC functions can be displayed by pressing the BC button. Each function is
called up by pressing its menu button.
Programming functions
Call up functions to be programmed
Using menu button
Press set button - menu switch to numbers for entering data
Program function
Press set button to acknowledge data
Resetting non-programming functions
Call up function using menu button
Press set button - function is reset
Change over button: The change over button is the left toggle of the set button.
12H OR 24H is displayed in the change over menu when resetting the time. Pressing the
button will change all time calculations between a 24 hour and 12 hour clock display.
The date change over is activated with the clock change over. A 12 hour clock yields a
month/day/year date display.
MLS OR KM is displayed in the change over menu when a distance or speed function is
called up. Pressing the button will change all distance between kilometers and miles
readings and speed.
MPg or L/KM is displayed in the change over menu when a consumption function is called
up. Pressing the button will change both consumption displays at the same time.
94
BC information can be displayed in the instrument cluster by pressing the remote switch on
the end of the turn signal lever. The matrix display is blacked out when the remote switch
is pressed after the last function is posted. The order and quantity of functions to be
displayed in the instrument cluster can be programmed.
1. Press and hold remote switch until Prog 1 appears in both displays. The
programming feature is now active.
2. Use MID buttons to select functions to be displayed in the cluster. The function title
appears in the MID.
3. The programming function is acknowledged by pressing the set button on the MID.
95
E39/E53 Multi-Information Display (MID)

Both the E39 and E53 not equipped with Navigation will use the MID for control and display
of the radio/tape/CD changer and On-Board computer.
If installed, the Digital Sound Processor (DSP) will also be adjusted and controlled through
the MID.
The MID does not perform any calculations, it is only an input/display device.
The MID contains two sets of displays:
MAIN DISPLAY - A 32 character display for presentation of primary information.
MENU DISPLAY - 6 small display blocks above each button switch for labeling the switch
functions.
Note: The Telephone button is installed on Base version MIDs as of 3/97 production.
96
MENU BUTTONS - the buttons are designed as rocker switches having a left and right
side contact. The function of each button changes as the different systems are selected.
SELECTOR BUTTONS - These buttons are used to select the desired system to be used
Audio - calls up the radio/tape/CD control functions for operation and programming.
Telephone - used to program and call up stored telephone numbers.
Time/BC - calls up the clock and BC control functions for programming and display.
SEARCH BUTTON
Radio - will activate the search for radio stations in either direction
Tape - activates music search in forward or reverse directions.
CD - activates title search up or down the music list.
The integrated m button is used to switch over to a manual search of the functions listed
above. An m is posted in the display when in this mode. The m button is also used to
activate the radio test.
VOLUME CONTROL
Push button for ON/OFF control of audio system.

Rotary knob for volume control on the audio system and telephone hands-free
speakers.
STATUS LEDs
Red, yellow and green LEDs indicate status of telephone operation.

A red fan symbol indicates the status of the parked car ventilation systems operation.
97
MID Self Test

Operation of the MID can be checked through the test function sequence on the MID panel.
The following items can be checked:

UNIT IDENTIFICATION - The following information appears for approximately 3 seconds
when the ignition is switched on
Hardware number
Software number
Variant index
All other test must be started within three seconds, while the identification data is displayed.
If not the MID will exit the test mode.
DISPLAY TEST - Activate this test by pressing the display menu button. All elements of
the main and menu displays are illuminated with different check patterns.
BUTTON TEST - Start this test by pressing the button test menu button. All buttons on
the MID have been assigned an alphabetical letter that will appear when the button is
pressed.
VOLUME CONTROL TEST - This test is carried out by pressing the volume menu button
and turning the volume knob. Numbers from 01 to 36 appear in the display indicating each
step of the knobs rotation.
STATUS LED TEST - Activate this test by pressing the menu button. All status LEDs are
illuminated.
98
MID Removal
The E39/E53 MID is removed from the center console as follows:
1. Pull the volume knob off the MID.
2. Insert a T10 torx wrench into the recessed hole beneath the volume knob shaft.
3. Turn the wrench 90O to the left until a stop is felt.
4. While maintaining tension on the wrench in the stopped position, use the torx wrench
as a pull handle to pull the left side of the MID out of the center console. The right side
of the MID acts as a hinge on the center console.
The radio/tape player is removed by turning the 2.5mm allen head bolts to unlatch it from
the center console as on previous radios. The radio allen head bolts are visible once the
MID is removed.
INSERT A T10 TORX WRENCH INTO RECESSED HOLE.

TURN WRENCH 90O COUNTER-CLOCKWISE AND
HOLD TENSION.
PULL MID OUT WITH WRENCH FROM LEFT SIDE.
RIGHT SIDE HINGES AND THEN RELEASES.
99
On-Board Computer (High version)

The BC processing is a function of the IKE and can be displayed in the cluster matrix
display or on the MID.
The following BC functions are available for display:
Time/Date
Distance
Arrival Time
Stop Watch
Code
Range
Two Timers for programming parked car
Limit
Average Speed
Average fuel consumption
ventilation
Operation and programming of the BC is carried out with the MID.

The menu displays change as each function is called up for programming/resetting
purposes. this includes the changeover functions for the clock, mileage and MPG displays.
BC functions can be displayed in the cluster matrix by pressing the turn signal lever as in
the past.
The cluster displays can be programmed for number of displays and order of appearance.
Setting a code with the BC will override the EWS cancellation of the drive away protection
when the correct key is used.
An emergency deactivation is possible for the CODE function. A 10 minute wait time is
required after disconnect/re-connection of the battery before the code is canceled.
100
MULTI-FUNCTION STEERING WHEEL (MFL) &

CRUISE CONTROL II (GR II)
Models: E38, E39, E53
Production Date: From start of production
Objectives
Describe how the MFL communicates signal requests to various control modules.
Explain the changes made to the MFL since its introduction.
Describe the operation of the heated steering wheel.
Identify the components used in the GR II system.
101
Multi-Function Steering Wheel (MFL)

The MFL is a system that allows the driver to make various switching requests without
having to look away from the road or remove a hand from the steering wheel.
The steering wheel incorporates the control switches for:
AUDIO / TELEPHONE
The switches are arranged on the left and right

side of the Airbag pad. Both of the switch
panels are micro processors that take the input
request and produce digital signals that are
sent to the Multi-Function Steering Wheel
Control Module.
CRUISE CONTROL
MFL control unit from

9/96.
IHKA RECIRCULATION/
HEATED STEERING WHEEL
BUTTON
MFL control
up to 9/96.
unit
As introduced up to 9/96 the MFL-CM is

located below the left side of the steering
column behind the knee bolster.
After 9/96 the MFL-CM was deleted and the
electronics were incorporated into the right
button pad.
The input signals from the control switches are processed in the MFL and sent to the
respective control modules for system operation.
The signals for the control of telephone, audio system and re-circulation operation are
passed over the I/K-Bus. The signals for cruise control operation are passed to the cruise
control module or DME through a separate data link from the MFL.
The MFL-CM contains a fault memory that monitors the steering wheel control switches.
Diagnosis is carried out with the DIS/MoDiC.
102
Heated Steering Wheel

The heated steering wheel system consists of the following components:
A heating filament integrated into the steering

wheel cover.
An NTC temperature sensor, in the filament circuit,

to regulate the heating current.
A push button mounted in the right side MFL key

pad.
The control module located behind the air bag

assembly.
Slip ring assembly for the power and ground supply.
OPERATION
When KL 15 is switched ON, the heated wheel can be switched ON by pressing the button.
A green LED illuminates to indicate system operation. Maximum current is supplied and
heats the filament to its operating temperature (surface temperature of approximately 90OF).
The NTC detects the temperature of the filament and causes the control module to cycle
once the wheel is heated. Cycling is carried out with a pulse width modulated signal.
The system is not connected to the diagnostic link, however the control module does
monitor operation of the system.
103
GR II (SPEED CONTROL II)

INTRODUCTION
GRII was introduced for the first time on the E38 740i. GR II is a speed control system for
vehicles not equipped with EML. It is similar in operation to the former system (FGR) found
on older models. It offers improved control electronics to ensure that the set speed is
reached and maintained without the sensation of fast acceleration or deviations of more
than 1 MPH from the set speed.
The GR II offers the following advantages:
Fatigue-free driving over long distances with a set speed.
The constant travel speed results in lower fuel consumption.
By setting a speed, speed limits are observed automatically.
Like most of the other systems in the E38/E39, the GR II utilizes digital signal processing.
This eliminates the amount of wiring required to achieve system operation and improves the
reliability of cruise control operation.
The drivers request for cruise control functions is activated by the button pads of the MFL.
An ON / OFF main switch ensures that the cruise control system is not inadvertently
engaged while driving the vehicle.
The GR II cruise control

indicator lamp illuminates when
the system is active (switched on).
The graphic symbol denotes constant
speed maintenance.
104
COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM

The GR II system consists of the following components:
MAIN SWITCH (Up to 9/97)- The main switch is mounted
on the right side of the dash panel below the instrument
cluster. It produces a momentary ground signal to the GR II
control module. When pressed the GR II control module
switches on and the cruise enable indicator lamp in the
instrument cluster (green in color) is illuminated.
After 9/97 the main switch was deleted and combined with
the OFF switch located on the MFL.
CRUISE CONTROL SWITCH - The cruise switch pad is
mounted on the right side of the steering
wheel.
All of the request functions ( SET, ACCEL,
DECEL, RESUME AND OFF) are activated
from the cruise switch pad.
These request inputs are processed by the
switch and transmitted to the Steering
Wheel Control Module (MFL-CM) over a
data link.
STEERING WHEEL CONTROL MODULE -
Up to 9/96 the MFL-CM is mounted on the

left side of the steering column behind the
left side knee bolster. After 9/96 the MFL CM is integrated into the right button pad.
STEERING WHEEL CONTROL MODULE
The cruise control requests are processed

and transmitted to the GR II cruise control
module over a dedicated data link.
CRUISE CONTROL MODULE - The
cruise control module is mounted in
105
the E-box between the the DME and AGS

control modules.
GR II CONTROL MODULE
It has one blue 26 pin ELO type connector.

CRUISE CONTROL ACTUATOR - The
cruise control actuator is mounted on the
left fender well and contains the actuator
motor, feedback potentiometer and actuator clutch.

The actuator is connected to the throttle valve with a
bowden cable parallel to the accelerator cable.
COMPONENT COMMUNICATION
The cruise control
switch pad provides
momentary ground
signals and converts
them into a dynamic
digital signal.
The signal is sent to

the steering wheel
control module and
passed through a
gateway to the GR II
control module.
Eliminated 9/97
Combined
9/96
106
The GR II carries
out the systems
functions based on
this dynamic digital
signal and other
input signals.
The actuator is
controlled by final
stage activation at
both sides of the
motor.
CRUISE CONTROL SWITCH OPERATION

When the main switch is turned on and the vehicle speed is above 20 mph, the cruise
control can be set or adjusted at the cruise control switch pad.
RESUME: Briefly pressing the resume
button will cause the vehicle to
accelerate/decelerate to the stored speed
value in the cruise control module.
SET/ACCELERATE/TIP-UP: Pressing the
set button will engage the cruise system and
maintain the vehicles current speed.
Pressing and holding the set button will
cause the vehicle to accelerate. When
released, the vehicles current speed will be
the set speed.
Tapping the set button will cause the speed
to increase by approx. 1 MPH. The number
of times the tip feature will function is limited
to 8.
OFF: Pressing the off button will disengage
the cruise control. The previous set speed
is stored in memory until it is over written or
the vehicle is switched off.
In addition to switching off via the cruise
control switch on the steering wheel, the
DECELERATE/TIP-DOWN: Pressing and

holding the decelerate button will cause the
vehicle to slow down. When the button is
released, the current speed is the new set
speed. Tapping the button will cause the
vehicle speed to decrease by approx 1 MPH.
The number of times the tip feature will
function is limited to 8.
system can also be switched off by:
Depressing the main switch on the instrument panel.

Applying the brakes.
Shifting the transmission into neutral.
107
CRUISE CONTROL MODULE

The cruise control module contains control logics for smoother operation. The control logics
prevents the maximum acceleration/deceleration feel that was characteristic with the earlier
FGR system.
The rate of acceleration in SET ACCELERATE and RESUME is based on the current road
speed of the vehicle. The rate of acceleration is high at low vehicle speeds and gradually
decreases as vehicle speed increases. This gives the feeling of steady smooth acceleration.
The rate of deceleration when the DECELERATE button pressed is linear until the throttle
valve closes. The decel rate is then dependent on the engine braking effect and road
conditions. This results in a smooth speed reduction.
If the set speed can not be maintained due to unusual operating conditions (severe up hill
grades), the control module adopts a special resume mode. Once the unusual operating
condition is overcome, the set speed will be resumed at a reduced acceleration rate. This
feature is designed to prevent a sensation of rapid accelerating.
The cruise control module is connected to the AGS control module through a data link.
When cruise control functions are activated, the AGS shift program is adapted to match the
requirements of the requested cruise control function. For example, when the GR II is set
at a specific speed and a severe down hill grade causes the vehicle to overcome the set
speed the GRII signals the AGS to downshift a gear. This will occur as needed to maintain
the set speed as closely as possible.
108
As Introduced
109
PLAUSIBILITY/SAFETY FEATURES
To avoid malfunctions or unsafe conditions, the GR II continuously monitors the input and
output signals. Redundant (or dual signal) processing ensures that the input signals are
plausible and prevents unsafe cruise control operation from being carried out. The following
safety measures are also included in the total scope of cruise control operation.
Minimum speed - The minimum speed threshold for cruise control operation is 30 km/h
( approx. 20 MPH). If the speed drops below this value the cruise control will not
operate.
Shut off priority - The brake pedal and transmission neutral switch have priority for
switching the system off. If a malfunction caused several commands to be called up at
the same time, the brake switch signal would disengage the system.
If the set speed is exceeded by more than 8km/h (approx. 5MPH), the system will disengage by the actuator clutch. When the speed drops below the threshold, the clutch
will re-engage and the cruise will continue operation.
The data link from the cruise control switch is continuously checked for signal integrity.
110
DIAGNOSIS/ENCODING
Diagnosis of the GR II system is carried out with the DIS tester. The cruise control module
stores faults that occur with the input/output signals for cruise control operation. The MultiFunction steering wheel control module stores faults that occur with the cruise control
switch.
There is only one control module for all model versions that use the new GR II system.
Encoding is required if the control module is changed. To code a new control module, go
to the coding application in DIS and carry out a coding procedure as stated on the screen.
An uncoded module will allow limited cruise control operation.
10
11
13
14
19
29
30
50
54
IKE
ZKE III
CCM
LM
AIRBAG
GR II
IHKA/IHKR
ABS / ASC V
EDC III
111
AUDIO SYSTEMS
Models: E38, E39, E53
Production Date: From production start
Objectives
Recognize the various methods of controlling the audio system.
Know how to perform the radio self-tests.
112
Audio Systems
E38 without Board Monitor:
MID - for ON/OFF, Volume control, Station select and Station presets.
Radio/Tape player- houses

radio electronics, tape
player,
Treble/Bass/Fader/
Balance adjustments.
Amplifier - mounted in the
trunk.
Digital Sound Processor with Amplifier (if installed) - for setting the sound quality
(concert hall, jazz club, cathedral or user selected settings).
CD player (if installed) - mounted in the trunk.
Speakers - 10 with standard sound system.

- 14 with DSP system.
MFL controls - mounted on the steering wheel.
The radio/tape player deck contains the electronics for radio/tape operation. The ON/OFFvolume control and station display are incorporated into the MID. This configuration renders
the radio useless if stolen from the vehicle. The radio is not coded.
The main control for radio operation can be carried out from the MID or the steering wheel
controls. The secondary controls are incorporated into the radio/tape player.
If installed, the Digital Sound Processor / Amplifier (DSP) is an electronic graphic equalizer
that can adjust the sound quality (spatial simulation) of the audio system. The DSP has
three preset sound amplification modes. These include:
CONCERT HALL
JAZZ CLUB
CATHEDRAL
113
Selecting one of these settings will adjust the sound amplification and reverb from the
speakers to simulate the selected listening mode. There are also three driver selected
modes that the driver/passenger can use to set the sound amplification to their own liking.
All control and adjustment of the DSP is carried out through the three control buttons
located on the face of the DSP.
DSP Button - is used to turn the DSP ON/OFF
Right/Left arrow button - is used to.select the listening mode and adjust the
reverb, room size simulation and levels of the graphic equalizer bands.
Down arrow/Set button - is used to select and activate the various
adjustments and acknowledge the set inputs.
All adjustments and modes are displayed on the face plate of the DSP. This includes a
menu line to display the current mode or adjustment. Once the DSP is set and a listening
mode is activated, the face plate of the DSP remains blank.
Any listening mode can be turned ON/OFF, any time the radio is on, by pressing the DSP
button.
The DSP is an available option that cannot be retro-fitted to the vehicle. The system
includes a different wiring harness, DSP amplifier and speakers for audio system operation.
The DSP control panel and DSP amplifier are connected to the I-Bus for data
communication with the audio system.
RADIO TEST FUNCTIONS
With the ignition switch in KL R the radio can be switched into the test function mode by
pressing and holding the WB (weather band) until the MID displays a serial number in the
MID main display.
The test functions include:
Radio serial number,

Radio Production Date
Road speed dependent volume control (GAL 1-4)
DSP Recognition
Station signal strength
The road speed dependent volume control can be adjusted to make the volume increase
more audible (4) or less audible (1).
114
E39/E53 audio system without Board Monitor:
Radio/Tape
player - houses
radio
electronics, tape
player, treble,
bass, fader,
balance
adjustments.
MID - for ON/OFF, volume control, station

selection, digital sound processor (DSP)
control, etc. If the DSP system is installed,
the audio button in the MID has a second
position to activate the controls.
Except for the number of memory positions
for DSP programming, all of the features of
the separate E38 DSP switch panel are
incorporated into the MID. The memory
feature of the E39 DSP has two memory
positions whereas the E38 has three.
Amplifier - Mounted in the trunk.

- The standard 200 watt amplifier for the 10
speaker non DSP audio system
- The optional 12 speaker 440 watt amplifier
for the 12 speaker DSP audio system.
CD Player - mounted in trunk if installed.
MFL Controls
RADIO TEST FUNCTION: To activate the test, switch the radio on and within 8 seconds
press and hold the m button for more than 8 seconds. The displayed tests include:
Radio Serial Number
Station signal Strength
Radio Production date DSP Recognition (1/0)

Road speed dependent volume control (GAL 1-4)
Adjusting the GAL makes the volume increase more noticeable (4) or less noticeable (1).
115
E46 Driv
NEW GENERATION (NG) RADIOS

Model: E39, E46, E52, E53
Production Date: Starting from 9/00
Objectives
Recognize the new features of the NG radios.
Identify the components that interact with the radio system.
Describe the features of the MIR.
Review how to access the radio service mode.
116
Introduction
Starting September 2000, a family of new generation radios will begin to be phased into
production. The exception to this is the E52 which has been available with the MIR (multiinformation radio) NG radio since series launch in mid 2000.
The NG New Generation radios will have increased functions:
Radio can be operated without KL R.
Radios are world frequency.
Car memory programming.
Audio mixing on vehicles equipped with navigation.
The radios external appearance has not changed. NG radios can be identified by their 53
designation.
Overview of the Radios for Each Model

RADIO
TYPE
MANUFACTURER
MODEL
C53
Business with
cassette
Business with indash CD
Business with
MID control and
cassette
Business with
MID control and
in-dash CD
Business MIR
without cassette
Business with
BM control
Philips
E46
INTRODUCTION
DATE
3/01
Alpine
E46
3/01
Phillips
E39/E53
9/00 E39
10/00 E53
Alpine
E39/E53
9/00 E39
10/00 E53
VDO
E52
Start of production
Becker
E46/E39/E53
03/01 E46
02/01 E39
04/01 E53
CD53
C53
CD53
C53
BM53
117
AM
DIVERSITY
FM 1
ANTENNA/
FM 2
FZV RECEIVER FM 3
RF Cable
KL 30
"RAD ON"
signal
CHECK
ENGINE
KL 31
SPEAKER OUTPUT
TO AMPLIFIER
HANDS FREE AUDIO OUTPUT
FROM
UNLOADER
RELAY
BM53
I-BUS
TELEPHONE
WITH INTERFACE
MUTE SIGNAL
SPEAKERS
StarTAC
BMW
MFL
M
IKE
SRS
AIRBAG
80
60
40
20
100
120 140
100
160
180
80
200
60
220
40
120
1/min
x 1000
240
20
140
km/h
MPH
40
ELECTRONIC
MK III NAV.
NAV
AUDIO
POWER
CHECK
ENGINE
GPS NAVIGATION SYSTEM
R
T
A
P
E
FM
AM
TONE SELECT
MODE
MENU
13.07.2000 Thursday
10:17
BMBT
KL 58g
LCM III
CD CHANGER
DIGITAL OUTPUT
NG Radio System Overview

Example: E39 with MK III navigation and BMBT
118
10
OIL SERVICE
INSPECTION
123456
20
miles
122 4
DIGIT
+72 0F
READOUT
PRND SM
54321
ABS
K-BUS
GENERAL MODULE
INFO
1
20 15
KEY USED
DSP AMP
KL R
Functional Overview
NG Radios
Radio Operation with KL R off
Operation is possible with the key off on the C53 and CD 53 radios. If the radio is turned
on with KL R off, it will operate for 16 minutes until the General Module sends the sleep
command. The radio can be turned on and off as many times desired.
Diversity Antenna
Antenna diversity has been adapted to the new generation of radios. When the radio is in
operation, the diversity control unit is activated by the RAD ON signal.
World Frequency Radio
Radios on vehicles sold in the U.S. are world radios. Specific country settings can be made
using the service mode. The settings are stored in an EEPROM.
Car Memory
If programmed, when locking the vehicle using the remote transmitter the:
last station
Volume setting
Last audio mode (Tape, FM, CD etc.)
are stored according to the key number used. Unlocking the vehicle with the same
transmitter will restore the settings. There is a maximum setting for volume which may be
lower than the setting when the radio was last operated.
Clock
Time can also be displayed when KL R is off by pressing the clock button on the
Radio/MID.
Backlighting
The LCM/LSZ produces two signals for the control of radio backlighting.
Hardwired KL 58g
Lights on/off over the K/I Bus.
The radio contains a photo-cell for adjustment of backlighting to ambient conditions.
1195
NGSystems
Radios
E46 Driver Information
Reset and Voltage Monitoring

A radio reset is triggered by under voltage or the internal processor monitor. The reset
function restarts the radio, similar to turning it off and back on again. Operating voltage is
measured at the KL 30 input. The radio is switched off if the system voltage exceeds 17V
to protect the radio, it will switch on when the voltage falls below 16V.
GAL (Speed Dependent Volume)
The speed signal from the IKE/KOMBI is available to the radio over the K/I Bus. GAL is not
a feature on vehicles equipped with DSP.
Bus Communication
The radio communicates with other modules via the K bus or I Bus dependent on the
model. The information shared over the bus line includes:
IKE/KOMBI - Terminal status (KL 15, KL R)
LCM/LSZ - Lights on
IKE/KOMBI link to TXD - Diagnosis
MID or BMBT - button or rotary knob status.
GM - Key used to lock or unlock vehicle
MFL - audio controls status
NG radios do not use anti-theft codes. Operation of the radio is only possible if
connected to a bus line and the detection of at least one other component.
Multi Information Radio (MIR)

The Multi-Information Radio (MIR) is used in the E52 Z8 and is the first of the NG series of
radios. The MIR contains the radio receiver, display screen, and control panel all in one unit.
A cassette player is not included.
The MIR is used to control and display the:
GPS-Navigation System
Audio system including CD Changer
Telephone
Outside temperature
120
Station Search Button
Menu Button-recalls main menu for display
Photocell Sensor-used to control display backlight

Telephone Send/End-used to begin or end a call
AM FM
TONE SEL
AUDIO
MENU
NAVIGATION
TELEFON
A-TEMP
MODE
Left Knob-radio volume control
Station Keys-radio/CD
Mode Button-switches between radio and CD operation
Control Knob-used to control

operation of systems in display
Every time the MIR is switched on it looks to see if a navigation computer is installed and
displays the correct menu options. Text and symbols on the display are generated by the
navigation computer and transmitted to the MIR via the Navigation Bus. If the MIR does
not detect that a navigation computer is connected, the MIR itself will generate its own display signals. The screen display is monochrome only.
The navigation elements of the MIR will be discussed in the MK3 module.
Audio Mixing
Audio mixing allows the vehicle passengers to listen to navigation instructions without
muting the radio or CD player.
On-Board Computer Functions
Outside temperature is the only on-board computer display possible for the Z8.
121
Workshop Hints
Service Mode for NG Radios
A service mode is available as on previous radios as a diagnosis tool and for changing radio
settings. Entering the service mode varies by the device used to control the radio.
To enter the service mode:
C53/CD53 with and without MID:
Turn on the radio.
Within 8 seconds, press and hold the m button for 8 seconds.
Scroll through functions using the + and - keys or the station < > search buttons.
Turn off the radio to end the service mode.
C53 MIR:
Turn on the radio.
Within 8 seconds, press and hold the SEL button for at least 8 seconds.
Scroll through functions using the station < > search buttons.
BM53 with board monitor:
Turn on the radio.
Press and hold the RDS button for at least 8 seconds.
Scroll through the functions using the station < > search buttons.
BM53 with Widescreen board monitor:
Turn on the radio.
Within 8 seconds, press the INFO button.
From the info screen select RDS
Press and hold the BM control knob for at least 8 seconds.
Scroll through functions using the station < > search buttons.
Turn off the radio to end the service mode
122
Service Mode Functions

1 . Serial Number: Display of the radio serial number.
2 . Software version: Display of the radio software version. Displayed as (calender
week, year, version)
3 . GAL: Speed-sensitive volume control. Can be adjusted from level 1-6 using the 6 preset audio buttons. Vehicles equipped with DSP do not use this feature.
4 . Field strength and Quality (F/Q): The station currently displayed can be assessed
for field strength and quality. An F (i.e. F15) number is used to indicate the strength of the
signal being received by the radio. This is a good test of the antenna system, station signal, and the radio itself. A Q (i.e. Q-00) number is used to determine the quality of the
radio station including both the audio and RDS signal if applicable.
5 . DSP: This function provides information about whether the vehicle is fitted with DSP.
The value is displayed as a one (fitted) or zero (not fitted) and is communicated by the DSP
amplifier via the I/K bus.
6 . TP Volume: Provides adjustment for traffic report minimum volume. Not used in the
US.
7 . AF: Alternative Frequency tracking setting. Not used in the US.
8 . Area: Used to select the appropriate market setting (USA, Canada, Europe, Japan and
Oceania). Adjust using the pre-set buttons.
9.Index: Display of the revision index.
123
PARK DISTANCE CONTROL (PDC)

INTRODUCTION
The Park Distance Control is a safety/convenience system that uses ultra-sonic sensors to
detect the close proximity to other objects when maneuvering the vehicle in tight spaces
(such as parallel parking or parking in a narrow garage).
The PDC monitors both the front and rear of the vehicle. The driver is warned, through an
audible gong system, when the vehicle comes close to another object. As the object gets
closer, the audible gong increases in frequency until a steady tone is produced.
As the distance to the object increase, the steady tone will return to a beep and stop when
the vehicle moves away from the object.
The PDC is automatically switched ON when the ignition is switched on. However it does
not become active until the vehicle is shifted into reverse.
The system can be manually switched ON/OFF with the console mounted switch.
124
PDC COMPONENTS
The PDC system consists of the following components:
PDC Control Module - Mounted in the right side of the trunk behind the trim cover.
The PDC control module activates the ultrasonic sensors mounted in the bumper cover.
After activation, the control module monitors the signals coming back through the sensors.
Through this signal, the PDC is able to determine the distance to any objects close to the
bumpers of the vehicle. As the vehicle comes close to an object, the PDC control module
will activate the respective gong (front/rear) at a specific frequency tone.
The PDC control module is linked to the I/K-Bus for the following:
Vehicle speed
Transmission range selection
Diagnosis
Gong/Speaker - The PDC control module activates a gong and a speaker to alert the
driver of the detected object. The front mounted gong is the existing check control gong
located under the glove box. The rear mounted speaker is located under the right side of
the parcel shelf.
125
PDC Switch - Mounted in the center console or SZM below the

IHKA control panel. The system can be switched ON/OFF at any
time using the switch. The LED in the switch will flash simultaneously
with the gong/speaker tones when the system detects an object
Eight Ultra-sonic Sensors - Four sensors each front and rear, mounted in the bumpers.
The PDC sensors are small transmitter/receiver modules. They are specifically designed for
automotive use. The sensors are limited to the following angles of monitoring:
90o on the horizontal plane
60o on the vertical plane
The vertical angle is reduced to avoid unintentional signalling on steep grades.
TRANSMITTING MODE
The control module sends a 40 KHz signal to the sensor. The control module activates the
sensors in a specific sequence (firing order). The ceramic element in the sensor vibrates and
produces an ultra-sonic sound wave that is sent out from the bumper.
RECEIVING MODE
If the wave contacts an object, the wave is bounced back to the sensor. The returning wave
causes the ceramic element to vibrate creating an electrical signal to be fed back to the
control module.
The control module determines the distance to the object by the time difference between
the sent and received ultra-sonic wave signals. The complete send/receive cycle, for one
sensor lasts approximately 30ms (milli-seconds).
126
SYSTEM OPERATION
When KL15 is switched ON, the PDC system is switched ON, in the standby mode. The
system performs a self-check of the ultrasonic sensors and control electronics.
When the transmission is shifted into reverse, the system is activated and the sensors are
activated in the pre-determined order.
The system stays active up to approximately 20 MPH. Above this, the system reverts to the
standby mode.
If an object is detected within the operating range of the sensors, the control module will
activate the respective gong/speaker (front/rear). The sensor closest to the object will
receive additional activations to determine if the object is getting closer.
As the distance to the object decreases to approx. 1 feet, the control module increases
the activation frequency of the sensor. The output frequency of the gong will increase
linearly up to a distance of approx. of a foot. At this time the frequency will change to a
constant tone.
As the distance to the object increases, the frequency of the sensor and gong activation
decreases until the object is out of the monitoring range of the sensor.
127
DIAGNOSIS
The PDC system is
connected to the
diagnostic link through
the I-Bus/K-Bus.
The DIS is used for
diagnosis and
troubleshooting
procedures when faults
occur with the system.
Fault Symptom
troubleshooting paths
should be used to
troubleshoot failures with
the PDC system.
128
As Introduced
Review Questions
1. Where is mileage and SIA Data stored in an E36 instrument cluster produced after
1997? How is the manipulation dot extinguished?
2. Are E36 lights cold monitored by the Check Control system? How is the driver of an
E36 warned of a Check Control monitored problem?
3. Describe the changes made to the IKE after 9/97.

4. Where is mileage and Service Information stored redundantly on a vehicle equipped with
an IKE? How is this information exchanged and what could be the cause of the
manipulation dot illuminated in the cluster?
5. How does the CCM transmit check control data to the IKE?
6. Describe the principle differences between the Base cluster and the IKE. When did the
CAN bus become an input to the KOMBI?
7. Which Base instrument cluster test would be useful in diagnosing a fuel gauge
complaint?
8. Describe how the IKE controls and monitors external lights. If there was a software
failure of the LCM, what lighting functions would still operate in emergency mode?
9. Why are Xenon lights only warm monitored?
10. What input devices are used by LWR to detect the vehicle load angle? What type of
signal is produced? Where are they located?
129
Review Questions, continued

11. What modules produce the display signals for the MID?
12. Describe how to enter the Radio Test Function in an E39 vehicle equipped with an MID.
13. Describe the changes made to the MFL since its introduction in the E38.
14. How does the GR II or the DME receive cruise control inputs from the MFL?
15. Where was the GR II main switch moved to after 9/97?
16. How can the NG radio be distinguished from an earlier radio?
17. Which was the first NG radio to be used in a production vehicle?
18. What is the maximum vehicle speed that PDC can operate at?
19. What diagnosis is available to address a PDC complaint?
130

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Lamp Module and Xenon Lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

LAMP MODULE (LM, LCM, LCM III) AND XENON LIGHTS

List the functions performed by the LM/LCM.

Describe how the LCM monitors the external lights.

Explain how the LCM stores redundant data.

Describe the operation of Xenon lights.

Know how to troubleshoot a Xenon light circuit.

List the components used in the LWR system.

Driver Information Systems

Lamp Module (LM) (E38 start of production up to 9/95)

Crash control unit (relay)

Cold check relay

The LM transmits and receives status

Driver Information Systems

The warm check is performed by electronic diagnosis at the output stages.

Driver Information Systems

Low Beam Headlight

Driver Information Systems

Park / low-beam light switch

Driver Information Systems

Side marker/tail lights

In emergency operation the following lights will not operate

Driver Information Systems

Monitoring of all check control inputs

Driver Information Systems

Replacement lighting for the parking lights

Output Voltage Limiting Function

Driver Information Systems

Natural daylight = 4,500 to 5,000 K

Better driving visibility. The

Lower operating temperature.

Lower power consumption.

Driver Information Systems

Version Identification & System Summaries

Hella (Light &

Bosch (Light & CM)

Bosch (Light & CM)

Driver Information Systems

Xenon High Intensity Discharge Bulbs

Driver Information Systems

Xenon Bulb Monitoring

H-7 Halogen Bulb

Xenon Control Module

LWR Stepper Motor

D-2S Xenon Bulb

Light Frame Assembly

Driver Information Systems

Xenon Headlight Testing

1&2 Adaptor connected in series with

Xenon Generation III Test Light Cable (90 88 6

Driver Information Systems

LWR - Headlight Beam Throw Control

Driver Information Systems

E38 LWR Control Module Location

E39/E53 LWR Control Module

Driver Information Systems

Headlight Adjustment Stepper Motors