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Raw materials are processed in a system consisting of reactors, heat exchangers, pipes, compressors, and distillation columns to produce monoethanolamine. The system operates at steady state. Reactions take place in two routes: the first produces ethylene oxide in a packed bed reactor, and the second produces ethanolamines like MEA and DEA through reactions in liquid phase reactors. Material and energy balances are calculated using process simulation software.

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96 views5 pages

Assumpdfg

Raw materials are processed in a system consisting of reactors, heat exchangers, pipes, compressors, and distillation columns to produce monoethanolamine. The system operates at steady state. Reactions take place in two routes: the first produces ethylene oxide in a packed bed reactor, and the second produces ethanolamines like MEA and DEA through reactions in liquid phase reactors. Material and energy balances are calculated using process simulation software.

Uploaded by

ozo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Raw materials are given to the feed stream at normal conditions which are 25 oC and 1

atm, and all feed stream are pure.


System is assumed at steady state.anges are neglected
Kinetic and potential energy changes are neglected.
Due to the maintenance process, it is assumed that operation performs 334 days per year.
The gases are assumed as ideal gases.
The mixture of liquids forms ideal liquid solution and gases as well.
Material and energy balances calculations are done according to ChemCad formula and

component database.
Basic data, heat specific data etc. are directly taken from ChemCad database.
Rate expressions of processes are assumed below.
For the reaction which yileds to ethylene oxide,
1
C2 H 4 + O C 2 H 4 O
2 2
r EO=3.276 107 e

70835
RT

[ C 2 H 4 ] [ O2 ]

0.5

( Borman, 1995)

For the combustion reaction of ethylene;


C2 H 4 +3 O2 2 CO2 +2 H 2 O
7

r C =1.27 10 e

87050
RT

0.5

[ C2 H 4 ] [ O2 ]

(Borman ,1995)

For ammonolysis of ethylene oxide;


C2 H 4 O+ NH 3 C 2 H 7 NO

r MEA=2.466 10 10 e

61028
RT

[ C 2 H 4 O ] [ NH 3 ]

(Zahedi et ' al, 2009)

For the reaction between MEA and ethylene oxide which DEA is produced;
C2 H 7 NO +C 2 H 4 O C 4 H 11 N O2

r DEA=6.78 1011 e

65626
RT

[ C2 H 7 NO ] [ C 2 H 4 O ]

( Zahedi et ' al ,2009)

For the reaction which TEA is formed;


C 4 H 11 N O2 +C2 H 4 O C6 H 15 N O3

r DEA=1.764 10 11 e

63118
RT

[C 4 H 11 N O2 ] [ C2 H 4 O ]

(Zahedi et ' al , 2009)

//////////////// Neali777777777777
////////////////Cihhat///////////

Conversion of the reaction between ethylene and oxygen is assumed as 0.197 with the

corresponding rate expressions, then selectivity is obtained (ref).


Catalyst used in the reactors in the first reaction route is 15-wt % g silver based alumina

support, and bulk density of catalyst is assumed as 652 kg/m3.


Catalyst degeneration is neglected.
For the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia, conversion was considered as 0.8 with

the corresponding rate expressions, then selectivity is obtained.


In the second reaction route, there is no catalyst. Water is used since reaction is in liquid
phase, and concentration gradients are taken into account in the rate expression of second

reaction.
During this process, two reactions occur. First one lead to production of ethylene oxide
which is the desired product. Another one is the natural combustion of ethylene which
generates carbon dioxide and water. Combustion of the ethylene oxide which is another

side-reaction was neglected because, it does not actualize at this conversion level (ref).
Reactor type for the first reaction route is assumed as packed bed operating adiabatically
at gaseous phase, whereas for the second one it is assumed as plug flow reactor operating

isothermally at liquid phase.


Reaction that yields to ethylene oxide by consumption of ethylene and oxygen actualizes
at 17.25 atm and 355 C while the inlet streams are at the same pressure and 243 C.
Ethylene, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and inert gases (methane, argon, ethane,
nitrogen) are all in vapor phase at these conditions according to thermodynamic data of
the components. Thus, there is no phase change during the reaction. .(ChemCad)

Ethylene oxide and ammonia reacts at 14.48 atm and 31.14 C with the inlet streams whose
temperature and pressure conditions are almost the same. Composition of the inlet streams
comprises of ethylene oxide, ammonia, water and monoethanolamine. Besides,
diethanolamine and triethanolamine form in the second reactor. All these compounds are
in liquid phase at these temperature and pressure conditions as stated in the

thermodynamic data. Thus, there is no phase change in reactors.(ChemCad)


Two reactors are used in this process. Reactors of the first route performs in adiabatic
mode because rise in temperature during the reaction does not pose danger anyway,

enthalpy of reaction is negative, exothermic.


Second route reaction take place in the isothermal reactors at 31.14 C.
L/D ratio is assumed as 4, in a cylindrical reactor, for all reactors.
Since, according to MSDS of ethanolamines, they are reactive with Cu or Cu-alloys, or

carbon steel, as construction material, commercial steel is choosen.


Enthalpy of mixing is assumed to be zero in all reactors.
Since first reaction in gaseous phase, compressible fluids are taken into consideration,
whereas for second reaction route in liquid phase, incompressible fluid assumption is

done.
//////Cihat////////
////////////furkan////////
Pipe lengths are assumed as 10 meters for simplicity for all pipes.
Pipe diameters are assumed according to economic concern of optimal pipe diameter.
Fittings of two gate valves and three standard elbows 90o are assumed for all pipes for

simplicity.
As specification of pressure drop due to friction in the pipes and heat exchangers, less

than 10 % pressure drop is specified.


Flow rates in the pipes are constants.
Similar to reactor concern, due to ethanolamines, all pipe materials are assumed as

commercial steel.
Compressors are capable to increase the pressure 3.5 times, however, expanders can
decrease the desired pressure, therefore in safe region, compressors are assumed as that
they increase pressure 3 times, and expanders are assumed as that they decrease pressure

in a desired amount.(Brian, 2006 &, Dincer et al., 1994 & ImeChE, 2001)
Efficiency of compressor is assumed as 0.75 for simplicity
All compressors work in the adiabatic operation mode.
Gas characteristic does not change in the compressors
Heat duties of compressors are neglected compared to work done.
Tube pattern is triangular for shell and tube heat exchangers to have more turbulence.
Except one heat exchanger, water is used for cooling, steam is used for heating, both in
shell side.

1-shell 2-tube pass is assumed for all shell and tube heat exchangers.
As default selection, carbon steel is selected for the first reaction route but for the second
one, since ethanolamines are reactive with carbon steel, commercial steel material is

chosen for tube material.


Tube lengths are assumed in between 1.8 m and 7.0 m, as a safe range.
Tube diameters
Tube wall thickness
Pull-through floating head is used as clearance.
Antoine constants and heat duty equations are taken from ChemCad.
Density, specific heat constant, viscosity and thermal conductivity and flow rate values are
obtained from ChemCad.
Baffle cut is chosen as 20 %.
//////////furkan//////
//////////ece////////
Pressure drop is determined via neglecting the viscosity correction term.
Wall effects on heat exchangers are neglected.
Heat exchangers are also fully insulated, there is no energy loss to the surroundings.
As water source, sea water is assumed to be used, therefore utility stream are assumed
such that water utility enters at 10 oC from sea, and exits at 25 oC and it is possible to send

it back to sea.
Distillation columns are assumed as they have top stream at dew temperature and bottom

stream at bubble temperature.


According to the desired phase of top stream and/or resulting splitting ratio, total or partial
condenser is chosen. If total condenser exists, top stream is assumed as totally liquid,
whereas if partial condenser exists partial condenser exists, top stream is assumed as

totally vapor, and stage number is increased by 1.


No accumulation in distillation columns.
Reflux ratio is safely assumed as 1.3 times R min, from the range of 1.2 and 1.5 R min

(Treybal,1981).
Tray type of distillation column is assumed with bubble cap trays.
Distillation is assumed isobaric at specified pressure.
Two out of condenser duty, reboiler duty and reflux ratio are specified to design a

distillation column in ChemCad.


Antoine constants are taken directly from the lecture book (Sinnot, 2012) to find

saturation pressures.
Molar flow rates, and maximum vapor rate are taken from ChemCad.
For minimum number of stages, Fenske; for minimum reflux ratio, Underwood; for
number of theoretical stage, Erbar-Maddoc; for feed location, Kirkbride; and for

efficiency, OConnell equations/correlations are used.


In the calculation of total number of stages, 1 is added for reboiler.

Maximum allowable vapor velocity is calculated by the equation of Souders and Brown.
Distillation Column 101 is used to separate water and ethylene oxide, Distillation Column
201

to

separate

ethanolamines,

monoethanolamine as final product.

and

Distillation

Column

202

to

separate

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