Journal Jya 4
Journal Jya 4
ISSN 2052-5958
Review
Open Access
Abstract
Considering the great importance that the infection by Toxoplasma gondii has in public health, the aim of this article was
to demonstrate some aspects about this disease in human being. This parasite can cause several behavioral changes and
many cases of reactivation of this disease are associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS. Major
cases of human infections by T. gondii are assymptomatic and the main clinical manifestation in the acute phase of this
zoonosis is lymphadenopathy, usually in the cervical area. There may also be fever, night sweats, myalgia, maculopapular
rash lymphocytic atypia and chorioretinitis. The congenital and/or acquired chronic latent cerebral toxoplasmosis play an
important role in the development of some types of neurodegeneration, like Alzheimer disease and Down Syndrome. Humans
and animals should not consume raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized or not boiled dairy products, water without
being treated and poorly washed fruits and vegetables. Educational programs focused on reducing T. gondii environmental
contamination are essential for the congenital infection control. Due to the severity of this kind of infection and its sequel,
it is critical that those responsible for the communitys health establish prevention programs to avoid such a situation,
obtaining results in the medium and long term, and particularly preserving the involved populations welfare. A lack or
incomplete prenatal treatment was identified as an important risk factor for congenital toxoplasmosis, reinforcing the need
of improvement of prenatal care. In this study was demonstrated the importance of implementing prevention programs to
guide pregnant women to prevent the infection. Preventive measures like information and health education; screening of
pregnant women and infants; limiting harm from risk behaviour; treatment of risk cases and vaccination are recommended.
Serum monitoring throughout pregnancy, so as detect cases of maternal seroconversion allowing for early maternal treatment
is also basic. Some countries have adopted control programs of human toxoplasmosis, however, this issue should be of world
attention, considering its relevant aspects of public health, requiring the establishment of community education campaigns
and monitoring of pregnant women in the pre and neonatal, especially in a preventive action to reduce the pathogenic effects
of this disease.
Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, public health, parasitic control, congenital infection
Introduction
Human toxoplasmosis
2013 Bresciani et al; licensee Herbert Publications Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). This permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-7
doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-7
Conclusions
doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-7
Competing interests
Authors contributions
Authors
contributions
KDSB
ALBG
ALV
LVSM
JCP
JAS
JFG
AJC
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Publication history
EIC: Ishtiaq Qadri, King Abdul Aziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Editor: Claudio A. Pereira, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Received: 12-Jun-2013 Revised: 20-Aug-2013
Accepted: 02-Sep-2013 Published: 19-Sep-2013
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FullText
Citation:
Bresciani KDS, Galvo ALB, Vasconcellos ALd, Soares
JA, Matos LVSd, Pierucci JC, Neto LdS, Rodrigues TO,
Navarro IT, Gomes JF and Costa AJd. Relevant aspects
of human toxoplasmosis. Res J Infect Dis. 2013; 1:7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2052-5958-1-7