Gabions

African Gabions (Pty) Ltd reserves the right to amend product specifications
without notice and specifiers are requested to check as to the validity of the
specifications they are using.
PRODUCT TECHNICAL DATA SHEET

Rev: 00, Issue Data 01.10.2003
GABIONS
Gabions
Gabions are baskets made of hexagonal woven wire Mesh Type
80, commonly referred to as double twist wire mesh as per SANS
1580:2001 (Figures 1 and 2). Gabions are filled with rock at the
project site to form flexible, permeable, monolithic structures such
as retaining walls, channel linings and weirs for erosion control
projects.
The steel wire used in the manufacture of the gabion is heavily zinc
coated (275g/m) as per SANS 675:1997. If required, a PVC
coating is extruded over the galvanised wire to provide added
protection for use in aggressive environments such as acidic soils
and water, in salt water, in water carrying a high abrasive sediment
load or wherever the risk of corrosion is present. The PVC coating
has a nominal thickness of 0.5 mm. The tolerances of mesh and
wire are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
In order to reinforce the structure, all mesh panel edges are
selvedged with a wire having a greater diameter than the mesh
wire. The gabion is divided into cells by means of diaphragms
positioned at approximately 1m centres (Figure 1). Dimensions
and sizes of galvanised and PVC coated gabions are shown in
Figure 5. When specifying Gabions in the tender documents or bill
of quantities, please refer to Figure 8.
Filling and Lacing

The Gabions must be filled with rock ranging between 100 mm and
250 mm. The range in sizes may allow for a variation of 5%
oversize and / or 5% undersize rock, provided it is not placed at the
exposed surface. In all cases, oversize rock shall not be larger than
300 mm and the undersize rock shall not be smaller than 100 mm.
Rocks shall be hard, angular to round, durable and of such quality
that they shall not disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering
during the life of the structure. Care should be taken when placing
the stone to assure that the PVC coating on gabions will not be
damaged. All visible faces should be carefully hand-placed for
appearance purposes. For further information on the installation of
gabions please refer to the Product Installation Guide for Gabions.
In place of lacing wire, lacing operations can be made by using
Spenax tools (Figure 7) available from our offices together with
stainless steel rings (Figure 6A) having the following specifications:
- diameter: 3mm
- tensile strength: 156-178 kg/mm2
Spacing of the rings or loops must not exceed that shown in
Figure 6B.
Wire
All tests on wire must be performed prior to manufacturing the mesh.
1. Tensile strength: The wire used for the manufacture of the
gabions has a tensile strength between 350-575 N/mm2
according to SANS 675:1997.
2. Elongation: Elongation shall not be less than 10% in accordance
with EN 10223-3. Tests are carried out on a sample at least 30
cm long.
3. Adhesion of zinc: The adhesion of the zinc coating to the wire is
such that, when the wire is wrapped six turns around a mandrel
having four times the diameter of the wire, it does not flake or
crack when rubbed with the bare fingers, in accordance with
SANS 675:1997.
4. Ductility: The ductility of the zinc-coated wire is such that when
the wire is wrapped at least eight times around a wire having the
same diameter of the test specimen at a rate not exceeding
15 turns per minute and then unwrapped at the same rate, it does
not show any sign of fracture of the underlying steel wire in
accordance with SANS 675:1997.
Lid
Diaphragm
Height
Length
Width
Figure 1
STANDARD MESH-WIRE
Mesh Type 80
Tolerance
OD Wire (mm)
Galvanised
80
-2 +5
2.7
Galvanised + PVC
80
-2 +5
3.7
MESH TOLERANCE
The tolerance on the opening of mesh b
being the distance between the axis of two
consecutive twists according to SANS
1580:2001
Figure 2
PROPERTIES OF WIRE
Use
Wire**
Galvanised
Galvanised + PVC
Wire
Tolerance*
Quantity of zinc*
Units
Lacing
Mesh
Selvedge
mm
2.2
3.2
2.7
3.7
3.4
4.4
mm
0.08
0.08
0.1
245
275
275
g/m
Tensile strength*
N/mm2
350-575
** According to SANS 675:1997
** According to SANS 1580:2001 and SANS 675:1997
Figure 3
Figure 4
PVC Coating Characteristics

The properties of the PVC material should adhere to the
following:
Width W(m)
1.0
1.0
1.0
Height H(m)
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
0.5
2.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
4.0
1.0
Tolerances : Height, Width : 5%; Length : 10%
All sizes and dimensions are nominal.
B
Open
Closed
Single Twist
Max. 6 in
100mm
100mm
Double Twist
100mm
45 mm
Single Twist
Figure 6
The properties after aging tests shall be as follows:

Appearance of coated mesh: no cracking, stripping or air
bubbles, and no appreciable variation in color;
Specific Gravity: variations shall not exceed 6%;
Hardness: variations shall not exceed 10%;
Tensile strength: variations shall not exceed 25%;
Modulus of elasticity: variations shall not exceed 25%;
Abrasion resistance: variations shall not exceed 10%;
Brittleness temperature: shall not exceed +18C.
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Figure 5
20 mm
Specific gravity: 1.30-1.35 kg/dm in accordance with

ASTM D792 Table 1;
Hardness: between 50 and 60 Shore D, according to
ASTM D2240;
Tensile strength: not less than 20.6 MPa, according to
ASTM D412-92;
Modulus of elasticity: not less than 18.6 MPa, in accordance
with ASTM D412-92;
Abrasion resistance: the percentage of the weight loss shall be
less than 12%, according to ASTM D1242-92.
Creeping corrosion: max. penetration of corrosion of the wire
from a square cut end is 25 mm when the specimen has been
immersed for 2,000 hrs in a 5% solution HCl (hydrochloric
acid 12 Be).
The accelerated aging tests are:
Salt spray test: test period 3,000 hours, test method
ASTM B117-94
Exposure to UV rays: test period 3,000 hours at 63C, test
method ASTM D1499-92a and ASTM G23-93 apparatus
Type E
Brittleness temperature: no higher than -9C, or lower
temperature when specified by the purchaser, when tested in
accordance with ASTM D746.
STANDARD GABION SIZES

Length L(m)
1.0
1.5
2.0
1. Pliers
2. Pliers with nipper
3. Nipper
Pneumatic
Spenax tool
Manual tool
Figure 7
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Item
No
Description
Unit
Quantity
Rate
GABIONS SANS 1200DK:1995 (Double twist hexagonal wire mesh to SANS 1580:2001)
1
GABIONS (Including material and delivery).
1.1
Mesh Type 80 with 2,7mm Class A Galvanised wire

Length x Width x Height
Mesh Type 80 with 2,7/3,7mm Class A Galvanised and PVC coated wire
Length x Width x Height
Surface preparation for bedding the Gabions
Installation of Gabion units (including unfolding, placing, filling, lacing and bracing).
Rockfill.
Packing selected stone for exposed face
AG Geotextile (Including material, delivery, unrolling, cutting and placing)

Continuous Polyester Filament Double Needle-Punched
AG150 - Minimum Energy Absorption of 4,0 kN/m
AG200 - Minimum Energy Absorption of 6,5 kN/m
AG300 - Minimum Energy Absorption of 10 kN/m
AG400 - Minimum Energy Absorption of 12 kN/m
m
m
m
m
1.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Figure 8
Quality System Guarantees
production, certified internal management and
technical assistance in compliance with ISO 9001:2000
HEAD OFFICE - DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA
P O Box 15777, Westmead, 3608 Tel: +27-31-700 8456 Fax: +27-31-700 8469 E-mail: sales@africangabions.co.za
JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
P O Box 133, Kya Sands, 2163 Tel: +27-11-704 0160 Fax: +27-11-704 0159 E-mail: jhb@africangabions.co.za
CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
P O Box 22150, Fish Hoek, 7974 Tel: +27-21-702 1416 Fax: +27-21-702 2977 E-mail: cptsales@africangabions.co.za
MALAWI
P O Box 40494, Kanengo, Lilongwe 4, Malawi Tel/Fax: +265-1-756 109 E-mail: maccaferri@malawi.net
MADAGASCAR
BP 168 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar Tel: +261-20-22-231 02 Fax: +261-20-22-553 90 E-mail: africangabions@wanadoo.mg
Website: www.africangabions.co.za
African Gabions (Pty) Ltd, Durban, South Africa.
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African Gabions (Pty) Ltd reserves the right to amend product specifications

PRODUCT TECHNICAL DATA SHEET

Filling and Lacing

PVC Coating Characteristics

The properties after aging tests shall be as follows:

Specific gravity: 1.30-1.35 kg/dm in accordance with

STANDARD GABION SIZES

GABIONS (Including material and delivery).

Mesh Type 80 with 2,7mm Class A Galvanised wire

Surface preparation for bedding the Gabions

Packing selected stone for exposed face

AG Geotextile (Including material, delivery, unrolling, cutting and placing)

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