OS interview questions

By admin | September 22, 2005

1.What is MUTEX ?
2.What isthe difference between a thread and a process ?
3.What is INODE?
4.Explain the working of Virtual Memory.
5.How does Windows NT supports Multitasking?
6.Explain the Unix Kernel.
7.What is Concurrency? Expain with example Deadlock and Starvation.
8.What are your solution strategies for Dining Philosophers Problem ?
9.Explain Memory Partitioning, Paging, Segmentation.
10.Explain Scheduling.
11.Operating System Security.
12.What is Semaphore?
13.Explain the following file systems : NTFS, Macintosh(HPFS), FAT .
14.What are the different process states?
15.What is Marshalling?
16.Define and explain COM?
17.What is Marshalling?
18.Difference - Loading and Linking ?
Q1. What is mutex?
Ans: - Mutex is a program object that allows multiple program threads to share t
he same resource, such as file access, but not simultaneously. When a program is
started a mutex is created woth a unique name. After this stage, any thread tha
t needs the resource must lock the mutex from other threads while it is using th
e resource. the mutex is set to unlock when the data is no longer needed or the
routine is finished.

Q2. What isthe difference between a Ã¢â ¬Ë threadâ⠬⠢ and a Ã¢â ¬Ë processâ⠬⠢?
Ans. A process is a collection of virtual memory space, code, data, and system r
esources. A thread is code that is to be serially executed within a process. A p
rocessor executes threads, not processes, so each application has at least one p
rocess, and a process always has at least one thread of execution, known as the
primary thread. A process can have multiple threads in addition to the primary t
hread. Prior to the introduction of multiple threads of execution, applications
were all designed to run on a single thread of execution.
When a thread begins to execute, it continues until it is killed or until it is
interrupted by a thread with higher priority (by a user action or the kernel s thr
ead scheduler). Each thread can run separate sections of code, or multiple threa
ds can execute the same section of code. Threads executing the same block of cod
e maintain separate stacks. Each thread in a process shares that process s global
variables and resources.

Q12: What is Semaphore?

Ans: Locking Mechanism used inside resource mangers and resourse dispensers.
15Q: What is Marshalling?
Ans: The process of packaging and sending interface method parameters across thr
ead or process boundaries.
Q16:Define and Explain COM?
Ans: COM is a specification(Standards). COM has two aspects
a: COM specifications provide a definition for what object is
b: COM provides services or blue prints for creation of object and comminication
between client and server.
COM is loaded when the first object of the component is created.
#14.A process may be in anyone of the following states
1.NEW
2.READY
3.WAIT
4.RUNNING
5.TERMINATE
Answer to Question:
What isthe difference between Ã¢â ¬Ë convenientâ⠬⠢ and Ã¢â ¬Ë efficientâ⠬⠢?
Answer:
Convenient programming is the way of programming using the available resources l
ike Library APIs, Macros etc without caring for efficiency.
Let me explain this with an example. Suppose we need to convert a character into
an upper case, only if the character is an alphabet in lower case.
A convinient way of achieving this is as follows
if( isalpha(ch) )
{
ch = toupper(ch);
}
However, the overhead with this is as follows
1. Involves the use of ctype.h library and
2. Takes high MIPS (million instructions per second) since it involves function
calls.
An efficient way to this is as follows
if( a

Other:
What port is SSH?
What port is DNS? Is it UDP or TCP?
What does it mean to setuid ?
Answer to Question 3
Data structures that contain information about the files that are created when u
nix file systems are created.Each file has an i-node & is identified by an inode
number(i-number) in the file system where it resides.inode provides important i
nformation on files such as group ownership,acess mode(read,write,execute permis
sions).

I need ans 4 all these question.

1.What is the main differents b/w vx-works and liunux os?
2.how to interface 8051 microcontroller with 2 mb ram?
4.What is gobel variable in c?

What is the difference between a MUTEX and a binary semaphore?

1.What is the main differents b/w vx-works and liunux os?
Ans) Vx-works is real time operation system
LINUX is general OS , also can be confugured for RTOS
4.What is gobel variable in c?
Ans) Any variable declared out side the function is global variable. Static glob
al variables scope is limited to file.

VxWorks is embedded OS while Linux OS is gereric OS, main difference is as :

1. If change the sceduling of one process from A to B then the others task have
no effect in linux but in VxWorks all task s scheduling change to B, i.e. in VxWor
ks all the task have same scheduling but in linux it can different.
In Vxworks you can access any memory location(should be exist), but in linux you
can access only the segment which have allocated for that process.
can you explain how process are managed on WindowsTMXP/UNIX
Hint: WindowsTMXP (ctrl+alt+del), UNIX (ps, kill, nice, bg, fg)

marshelling.
The process of gathering data and transforming it into a standard format before
it is transmitted over a network so that the data can transcend network boundari
es. In order for an object to be moved around a network, it must be converted in
to a data stream that corresponds with the packet structure of the network trans
fer protocol. This conversion is known as data marshalling. Data pieces are coll
ected in a message buffer before they are marshaled. When the data is transmitte
d, the receiving computer converts the marshaled data back into an object.

A mutex is owned by a thread/process. So once a thread locks it, then other thre
ads/processes will either spin or block on the mutex. Whereas, semaphore allows
one or more threads/processes to share the resource.
difference between linking and loading:
\
\\\

Linking: Resolving unresolved references to code.

Loading: Actually loading program to memory (allocating addresses to segments).

\\\
What is Mutex Object?
Ans:- A mutex object is a synchronization object whose state is set to signaled
when it is not owned by any thread, and non-signaled when it is owned. For examp
le, to prevent two threads from writing to shared memory at the same time, each
thread waits for ownership of a mutex object before executing the code that acce
sses the memory. After writing to the shared memory, the thread releases the mut
ex object.
\\
What is semaphore?
Ans:- A semaphore object is a synchronization object that maintains a count betw
een zero and a specified maximum value. The count is decremented each time a thr
ead completes a wait for the semaphore object and incremented each time a thread
releases the semaphore. When the count reaches zero, no more threads can succes
sfully wait for the semaphore object state to become signaled. The state of a se
maphore is set to signaled when its count is greater than zero, and non-signaled
when its count is zero. The semaphore object is useful in controlling a shared
resource that can support a limited number of users. It acts as a gate that limi
ts the number of threads sharing the resource to a specified maximum number.

\\\

I have came through an Example explaining Mutex and Semaphore

Mutex:
1. Serial access
one toilet is available with a Key for it.one guy will have the key and will use
the toilet, so making others to wait for access.once done, he gives the key to
the other
2. Mutex is semaphore of value 1
Semaphores:
1. N resources access
say for example 4 toilets are there; each has a common key for the toliets avail
able.at the start semaphore value set to 4(4 toilets are free), once any user ge
ts in ; semaphore decrements the value;
once done he will increment saying it ; it s FREE

\\\
Mutex :
Mutex is the synchronized object used to achive serialized resource access i.e.
one by one to single resource.
eg : In an interview, only one person can interview a candidate, after his compl
etion one more person will come & interview the same candidate.
Semaphore:
Semaphore is the synchronized object used to achive serialized resource access i
.e. one by one to the N number of resource.
eg : In an interview, one person is interview 2 or more candidates sewuentially,
after his completion one more person will come & interview the same candidates.
\\

What is INODE?
ans:It contains information about UNIX file system.ie when the file can be creat
ed and also gives the owership of the file,and permission level.inode number (i-
number) is reside over the files,it can be found using the command ls-l
Question what is major concerns about any RTOS selection ?
Question Submitted By :: Sumeet4interview
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: what is major concerns about any RTOS selection ?
Answer
# 1 There are two major reson to consider before selecting any RTOS
1) Interuppt latency
2) Footprint (size of the executable which is generated
after compiling)
3) Context switching time is also considered as vital
element in selection

Question What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?

Question Submitted By :: Tribhuvan Sharma
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By

Re: What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?

Answer
# 1 The important aspects of a real-time system are its
real-time characteristics being guaranteed, performed, and
sustained in a consistent fashion, such as its rapid context
switches, short interrupt latency, a variety of scheduling
policies, reliable mutual exclusive mechanisms,
multi-threading capability, process communications and
minute testability.
Is This Answer Correct ? 7 Yes 6 No
0 Guest

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Re: What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?
Answer
# 2 Determinism is the most important aspect of a real-time
system. How rapid context switches are or short interrupt
latency is a factor of performance, not real-time
processing. Real-time systems MUST be deterministic.
Is This Answer Correct ? 8 Yes 2 No
4 K. Mark O'connor
 Re: What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?
Answer
# 3 output in time is the important aspect of real time system
Is This Answer Correct ? 2 Yes 3 No
0 Geetha

Re: What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?

Answer
# 4 output in time and also in correct order(priority) is the
important aspect of a real-time system
Is This Answer Correct ? 2 Yes 2 No
0 Ganesan

Re: What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?

Answer
# 5 Deterministic & predictable output within a specified
time-interval
Is This Answer Correct ? 4 Yes 3 No
0 Mk

Re: What is the important aspect of a real-time system ?

Answer
# 6 1. Quick response to real-world events
2. Small memory foot print
3. Real time handling of interrupts
4. Preemptive scheduling
5. Rapid context switches etc

Re: What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Answer
# 1 Often a hard real-time system operates on a preemptive,
context switching operating system where tasks will be
switched in and out execution state upon its defined and
scheduled time slots to maintain its real-time
characteristics. A soft real-time system, often denotes a
system that attempts to meet all time constaints imposed by
its tasks or operations or applications by enjoying the
powerful system resources such as high clock rate, faster
processors, speedy cache, and lightening buses. Yet, it is
still a 'soft' real-time system because some critical tasks
might be delayed due to some system-oriented processes that
are bulky and time-consuming and not preemptive.
Is This Answer Correct ? 19 Yes 13 No
2 Kwrtos

Re: What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Answer
# 2 In Real time system correctness of an operation depends not
only on the logical correctness but it should be
deterministic. Real time system are of two types, hard and
real. In hard real time system any output after the
deadline should be treated as useless,so it lead to
complete failure. But in soft realtime some late answer
also consider as a right answer, it tolerate such lateness
Is This Answer Correct ? 41 Yes 8 No
2 Prajesh

Re: What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Answer
# 3 A hard real-time system guarantees that critical tasks
complete on time. This goal requires that all delays in the
system be bounded from the retrieval of the stored data to
the time that it takes the operating system to finish any
request made of it. A soft real time system where a critical
real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains
that priority until it completes. As in hard real time
systems kernel delays need to be bounded

Question What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Question Submitted By :: Tribhuvan Sharma
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Answer
# 1 Often a hard real-time system operates on a preemptive,
context switching operating system where tasks will be
switched in and out execution state upon its defined and
scheduled time slots to maintain its real-time
characteristics. A soft real-time system, often denotes a
system that attempts to meet all time constaints imposed by
its tasks or operations or applications by enjoying the
powerful system resources such as high clock rate, faster
processors, speedy cache, and lightening buses. Yet, it is
still a 'soft' real-time system because some critical tasks
might be delayed due to some system-oriented processes that
are bulky and time-consuming and not preemptive.
Is This Answer Correct ? 19 Yes 13 No
2 Kwrtos

Re: What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Answer
# 2 In Real time system correctness of an operation depends not
only on the logical correctness but it should be
deterministic. Real time system are of two types, hard and
real. In hard real time system any output after the
deadline should be treated as useless,so it lead to
complete failure. But in soft realtime some late answer
also consider as a right answer, it tolerate such lateness
Is This Answer Correct ? 41 Yes 8 No
2 Prajesh

Re: What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems ?
Answer
# 3 A hard real-time system guarantees that critical tasks
complete on time. This goal requires that all delays in the
system be bounded from the retrieval of the stored data to
the time that it takes the operating system to finish any
request made of it. A soft real time system where a critical
real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains
that priority until it completes. As in hard real time
systems kernel delays need to be bounded

Question what are the rules u follow when u r writing critical

section of code?
Question Submitted By :: Tarak
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: what are the rules u follow when u r writing critical section of code?
Answer
# 1 1.The operation must be atomic
2.The atomicity is ensured by disabling the interrupts and
immediately after crictical section enabling the
interrupts..here slight precausion has to be taken i.e do
not forget the enabling of interrupts ....
Is This Answer Correct ? 8 Yes 1 No
0 Teja

Re: what are the rules u follow when u r writing critical section of code?
Answer
# 2 1. Operation Must be Atomic
2. The process which are not currently executing its
rtemainder section are only allowed to make request to
execute its critical section
Is This Answer Correct ? 6 Yes 0 No
0 Vineesh Mca@tkm

Re: what are the rules u follow when u r writing critical section of code?
Answer
# 3 1.The operation must be atomic
2.The atomicity is ensured by disabling the interrupts and
immediately after crictical section enabling the
interrupts..here slight precausion has to be taken i.e do
not forget the enabling of interrupts ....
Is This Answer Correct ? 0 Yes 0 No
0 Rk

Re: what are the rules u follow when u r writing critical section of code?
Answer
# 4 Always keep your execution code as minimal as possible in
the critical section.
Never use blocking calls in the critical section.
Is This Answer Correct ? 3 Yes 0 No
0 Bb

Re: what are the rules u follow when u r writing critical section of code?
Answer
# 5 a) Use Atomic Instructions
b) Remember to enable interrupts
c) Make the critical section code as small as possible.
(Prefer not more than 20 instructions)
d) Prefer not to call other functions from the critical
section. if u r calling, see that there is no critical
section in the other function too. Critical section is
bounded by Disable Interrupt and Enable Interrupt.
Check the example below.
fnA()
{
/* Critical Section Start */
Disable_Interrupt();
Some Instructions A ....
Call FnB();
/* do Something B */
Some Instructions B ....
/* Critical Section End */
}

fnB()
{
/* Critical Section Start */
Disable_Interrupt();
Some Instructions ..
Enable_Interrupts();
/* Critical Section End */
}

Now the Enable_Interrupts in fnB() will enable the

interrupts and hence "Some Instructions B .." in fnA()
which should have been in critical section will no more be
in critical section because the interrupts are already
enabled!!
Please check if this condition is handled by the Enable and
Disable functions. If you want suggestions on how to solve
this problem, do revert back
Question What is priority inversion ? and What is the solution ?
Question Submitted By :: Qint
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: What is priority inversion ? and What is the solution ?
Answer
# 1 A high priority thread waits on a low priority thread for
resources for longer time than expected due to a medium
thread preempts the low priority thread.
Solution is Priority inheritance. Increase low priority
threads priority to the level of high priority thread's for
the duration low priority thread requires to get executed
and release the resource
Is This Answer Correct ? 11 Yes 0 No
3 Qint

Re: What is priority inversion ? and What is the solution ?

Answer
# 2 When low priority thread is service and high priority theas
is keep on waiting.This situation is called priority
inversion.because even though thread have high priority it
is not executed.
solution:There are different solution one of them is
priority inheritance,It means change the priority of the
thread.make high priority thread to low and lower priority
thread to high.
In this way only the rule high priority should execute first
is follow.
Is This Answer Correct ? 3 Yes 7 No
1 Milind G.

Re: What is priority inversion ? and What is the solution ?

Answer
# 3 In scheduling, priority inversion is the scenario where a
low priority task holds a shared resource that is required
by a high priority task. This causes the execution of the
high priority task to be blocked until the low priority task
has released the resource, effectively "inverting" the
relative priorities of the two tasks. If some other medium
priority task, one that does not depend on the shared
resource, attempts to run in the interim, it will take
precedence over both the low priority task and the high
priority task.
The solution to this is "Priority Inheritance" and "Priority
Ceiling".
Is This Answer Correct ? 5 Yes 1 No
 7 An

Re: What is priority inversion ? and What is the solution ?

Answer
# 4 PI ARISES when highpriority task is forced to wait for a
indefinate time for a lower priority to execute
SOLUTION: we have to increase the priority of the lower
priority task and we have to use the resource and we have to
release the resource .this will be done by MUTEX SEMAPHORE

Question what is the need of creating 4GB of pages in linux?

Question Submitted By :: Tarak
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: what is the need of creating 4GB of pages in linux?
Answer
# 1 Not sure what this question is. But looks like the question
is: Why 4GB addressing space available in Linux. Well, the
simple answer is it can address so much of memory with
available 32 address lines. 2 ^ 32 = 4 GB.

Question What do you mean by deadlock?

Question Submitted By :: Tribhuvan Sharma
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: What do you mean by deadlock?
Answer
# 1 Deadlock is a situation in which the processes waits for
the other resource which is occupied by another process in
a loop for example take processes P1 and P2 and resources
R1 and R2
in the deadlock condition
P1 -R1 waits for R2
P2 -R2 waits for R1 so
both processes waits for the other resource to get free for
their complete operation.
In such cases - One can avoid deadlocks by following methods
1) Prevention
2) Detection
3) Avoidance
4) Recovery
Is This Answer Correct ? 35 Yes 4 No
2 Guest

Re: What do you mean by deadlock?

Answer
# 2 situation in which no operarions can be done further
Is This Answer Correct ? 8 Yes 4 No
 0 Muthu

Re: What do you mean by deadlock?

Answer
# 3 Deadlock is a situation where the resources are not
allocated to the process because they are already used by
another process..ie../suppose P1 requests resources of P2
which is already used by P3 and so on...
this is not the only case for occurence of deadlock..
for a dead lock to occur there are 3 necessary conditions
and 1 sufficient condition..so totally 4..
the 3 necessary conditions are..
1)Mutual Exclusion
2)Non-Preemption
3)Hold and wait
and the sufficient condition for deadlock to occur is
Circular wait.
so to occur a deadlock all 4 conditions must be happened at
a time..either of the case is not present..deadlock will not
occur..
if we can avoid any one of the condition we can avoid deadlock..
and as mentioned in above answer..one can avoid deadlock as
follows..
1)prevention
2)avoidance
3)detection
4)recovery
Is This Answer Correct ? 9 Yes 1 No
0 Sravan Reddy

Re: What do you mean by deadlock?

Answer
# 4 Deadlock is a situation in which everybody in the system is
waiting for some or the other event to continue but nobody
is there to generate those events, since everybody is
waiting. In this case,
1. The CPU usage is NIL
2. System resource usage is NIL
Is This Answer Correct ? 4 Yes 3 No
0 Ravi A Joshi

Re: What do you mean by deadlock?

Answer
# 5 bye bye

Question What is the state of the processor, when a process is

waiting for some event to occur?
Question Submitted By :: Tribhuvan Sharma
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 1 When a process is waiting for some event to take place, most
likely for the needy resources to be relased by other
process or processes that are currently utilizing the
resources, such as an I/O device, it is at a blocked state.
Upon the availability of waited resources, after the
resources being relased, the process will transit to a ready
state from this blocked state.
Is This Answer Correct ? 9 Yes 3 No
0 Wkrtos

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 2 Pending state

Is This Answer Correct ? 4 Yes 5 No

0 Senthil

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 3 When a process is waiting for event it is in blocked state
when a process is waiting for resource it is in pending
state
Is This Answer Correct ? 9 Yes 2 No
0 Guest

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 4 Sorry, the answer is
Blocked state
Is This Answer Correct ? 3 Yes 5 No
0 Senthil

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 5 Pending(term used in RTOS) and Blocked(term used in Windows)
are the same state.
Is This Answer Correct ? 5 Yes 3 No
0 Sunita
 Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 6 They have asked the state of processor, so.. should it be
blocked/pending or it should be running?? as there is a
possiblity that processor may be executing other processes
right??
Is This Answer Correct ? 3 Yes 3 No
0 Ramu

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 7 If the system is waiting for an event and no other process
is running, then the processor will be running the 'system
idle loop', as a state we can say its Pending or Blocked.
Is This Answer Correct ? 4 Yes 3 No
0 Kiran.m.v

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 8 processor will enter in "idle loop" in which "sleep"
instruction will be executed to move processor to sleeping
i.e. power saving mode.
In this state processor can accept interrupts and come out
of sleeping state.
So actually processor "do nothing" in this situation.
Is This Answer Correct ? 3 Yes 6 No
0 Tejas Gawade

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 9 it is known as waiting state

Is This Answer Correct ? 2 Yes 0 No

0 Namita Garhwal

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 10 Since they have asked for the state of the processor it
will be in the idle state.idle state is nothing but a
lowest priority which is executed to keep the processor
busy always...
Is This Answer Correct ? 4 Yes 1 No
0 Nithin Ganesh
 Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 11 The answer 6 seems to be closer. It all depends on whether
the system is multitasking or not.
If it is multitasking: The process that is waiting for an
event to occur and in user mode, there are other processes
waiting to be scheduled then possibly one of the processes
will be eventually scheduled by preempting the current process.
If it is multitasking and the process is waiting for an
event to occur and in kernel mode?????
If it is not multitasking: Very trivial case needs no
elaboration.
Is This Answer Correct ? 2 Yes 0 No
0 Kum

Re: What is the state of the processor, when a process is waiting for some ev
ent to occur?
Answer
# 12 I don't think there is any relation between processor state
and process state. They are independent. However they are
loosely coupled through the operating system. Assuming that
the OS you are using is multi-processing OS, then, whenever
a process P1 is waiting for some resource, the OS scheduler
puts P1 in sleep mode and allows other scheduled processes
to run. Hence, the processor state will always be running.
In case, there are no more processes to run, then, the
processor enters NOP or WAIT state.

Question Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.

Question Submitted By :: Tribhuvan Sharma
I also faced this Question!! Rank Answer Posted By
Re: Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.
Answer
# 1 The microkernel is a term vaguely defined and loosely used.
Some OS attempts to even claim itself as a nanokernel. A
kernel-oriented OS is of a type of OS architecture that
differs greatly from Monolithic OS in terms of its
architecture design and system operating philosophy.
A kernel based OS collects only those core services into its
kernel, such as dispatcher, process synchronization, memory
management and interprocess communication handler, shuffling
out all other system services outside of the kernel. Those
system services are truned into system processes which
communicate with kernel via system calls (mostly software
interrupt-driven processes). Some kernel vendors have gone
one step further to blur the line between system processes
and user written processes, allowing a conceptual model of
expandable OS upon user's participation. Despite the small
kernel footprint and the limited number of system services
they provide inside the kernel, the OS they have is still a
kernel-oriented OS, within the framework of the same
architecture design.
Another type of OS, which are misnamed as macrokernel, is
called Monolithic OS. It simply indicates it is an OS that
holds itself as a whole piece of operating system where
privilege mode is the way to have an access to system
processes and user mode is only for the world of
applications. No cross-over, simple, and clear-cut is of the
characteristics of this type of operating system.
Is This Answer Correct ? 10 Yes 6 No
2 Kwrtos

Re: Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.

Answer
# 2 Monolithic Kernal (Macro Kernel): Kernal Image = (Kernal
Core+Kernal Services). When system boots up entire services
are loaded and resides in memory. Example: Windows and Unix.
Micro kernal : Kernel Image = Kernal Core. Services are
build in to special modules which can be loaded and
unloaded as per need.
We have another type of kernal integration technic called
Modular. This is derived from best of micro and monolithic
kerel) In Modular kernel integration:
Kernal Image = (Kernal core + IPC service modules +Memory
module +Process Management module). All other modules are
lodable kernel modules. Example: Linux kernel
Is This Answer Correct ? 11 Yes 6 No
0 Prakash

Re: Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.

Answer
# 3 operating system related to stuff which is a part of kernel
i.e memory management device drives etc are called
monolyithic kernel.
o.s related to stuff which is not a part of kernel is
called micro kernel.
Is This Answer Correct ? 4 Yes 8 No
0 Srikanth

Re: Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.

Answer
# 4 In the Monolithic Kernal entire kernel functionalty is
organised into single block.LINUX is a example of
Monolithic Kernel.
In the Micro Kernel the functionality of kernel is minimal.
i.e one with process management,file management,etc...
Some RTOS( I think MU COS)is example for this.
Is This Answer Correct ? 16 Yes 1 No
5 Venkat

Re: Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel.

Answer
# 5 Monolithic Kernal (Macro Kernel):In the Monolithic Kernal entire kernel func
tionalty is
organised into single block.LINUX is a example of
Monolithic Kernel.
Micro kernal : Kernel Image = Kernal Core. Services are
build in to special modules which can be loaded and
unloaded as per need.

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Object-Orientated Concepts, UML interview Questions

Object-Orientated Concepts, UML interview Questions...

What is inheritance?
Difference between Composition and Aggregation.
Difference: Sequence Diagrams, Collaboration Diagrams.
Difference: 'uses', 'extends', 'includes'

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What shall I go for Package Diagram?

What is Polymorphism?
Is class an Object? Is object a class?
Comment: C++ "includes" behavior and java "imports"
What do you mean by "Realization"?
What is a Presistent, Transient Object?
What is the use of Operator Overloading?
Does UML guarantee project success?
Difference: Activity Diagram and Sequence Diagram.
What is association?
How to resolve many to many relationship?
How do you represent static members and abstract classes in Class Diagram?
Can we use UML for user interface (UI) design?
Every object has : state, behavior and identity - explain
How to reverse engineer C++ code in UML?
What are the tools you used for OOAD?
Difference: Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) and Object Oriented Design (OOD)?
What are the four phases of the Unified Process ?
How do you convert uses cases into test cases?
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Explain Class Diagram in Detail.

What are the Design Patterns you know.
When do you prefer to use composition than aggregation?
UML: IS it a process, method or notation?
Does a concept HAVE to become a class in Design?
What are the good practices to use while designing for reuse?
Can you think of some nice examples where *multiple* actors are associated with
a use case ?
How to use CRC Cards for Class Design?
What is the difference between static and dynamic Classificaition.Give some exam
ples.
Explian following terms: Constraint Rules, Design by contract.
What is Object Constraint Language (OCL)?
Difference Between Attribute and Association.
What are associative classes?
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