KINEMATICS

Example 3. A particle goes from A to B with a speed of 40 km/h and B to C with a speed of 60 km/h. If AB =
6BC the average speed in km/h between A and C is _______
Sol. AB = 40t1
...(1)
BC = 60t2
...(2)

total distance travelled

time taken
AB + BC
Vav =
t1 + t 2
From eqn. (1) and (2)
A
40t1 + 60t 2
Vav =
...(3)
t1 + t 2
According to question
AB = 6BC
40t1 = 6 60t2
From eqn (1) and (2)
t1 = 9t2
40 9t 2 60t 2
Vav
From eqn (3)
from eqn (3)
9t 2 t 2
420t 2
Vav =
Vav = 42 km / h

10t 2
Average speed =

Example 6. At a distance L = 400m from the traffic light brakes are applied to a locomotive
moving at a velocity v = 54 km/hr. Determine the position of the locomotive relative to the traffic light 1 min after
the application of the brakes if its acceleration is 0.3 m/sec2.
5
Sol. u 54 15 m / s
18
a = 0.3 m/s2
v = u + at
0 = 15 0.3 t0
15
t0 =
= 50 sec
0.3
After 50 second, locomotive comes in rest permanently.
v2 = u2 + 2as
O2 = 152 2 0.3 S0

S0 =

225 2250
=
= 375m
0.6
6

the distance of the locomotive from traffic light

= 400 375 = 25 metre

Example 7. A car moves in the xy plane with acceleration (3i + 4 j) m / s 2 .

(a) Assuming that the car is at rest at the origin at t = 0, derive expression for the velocity as function of time.
(b) Find the equation of path of car and find the position vector as function of time.
Sol. Here,
ux = 0,
uy = 0,
uz = 0
2
2
ax = 3 m/s , ay = 4 m/s
(a)
vx = ux + axt
or
vx = 3t
and
vy = uy + ayt

or

vy = 4t

v = v x i + v y j

v = (3ti + 4tj)
1 2
a t
2 x
1
3
3t 2 = t 2
2
2
1 2
uyt + a yt
2
1
(4)t 2 = 2t 2
2
2
4
2 x = x
3
3

x = uxt +

(b)
or

x=

and

y=

or

y=

y=

4
x
3
Hence, the path is straight line.
The position of car is

3
r = x i + y j = t 2 i + 2t 2 j
2

y=

3 2
x= t

Example 9. A ball is thrown upwards from the ground with an initial speed of u. The ball is at a height of 80 m at two
times, the time interval being 6s. Find u. Take g = 10 m/s2.
Sol. Here, u = u m/s, a = g = 10 m/s2 and s = 80 m.
1
Substituting the value in s = ut + at 2 , we have
2
2
80 = ut 5t
or
5t2 ut + 80 = 0
or

t=

and

t=

u+
u-

u 2 - 1600
10
u 2 - 1600
10

Now, it is given that

u+

u 2 - 1600 u 10

+ve

ve

s = 80 m
u

u 2 - 1600
=6
10

u 2 - 1600
=6
or
u 2 - 1600 = 30
5
or
u2 1600 = 900

u2 = 2500
or
u = 50 m/s
Ignoring the negative sign, we have
u = 50 m/s

or

Example 10. A disc arranged in a vertical plane has two groves of same length directed
60
along the vertical chord AB and CD as shown in the fig. The same particles slide
D
down along AB and CD. The ratio of the time tAB/t CD is :
(A) 1 : 2
(B) 1 : 2
(C) 2 : 1
(D) 2 : 1
B
1 2
SAB = g t AB
Sol.
2
1
SCD = g cos 60 t 2CD
2
A
C
But
SAB = SCD
60
60

60
1 2
gcos
g
t
g
AB
SAB
2
D
=
g

SCD 1 g cos 60 t 2
CD
2
2
B
t AB
t AB
=
1
:
2
1
=
2
or

t CD
t 2CD

Example 11. A stone is dropped from a height h. Simultaneously another stone is thrown
up from the ground with such a velocity that it can reach a height of 4h. Find the time when two stones cross
each other.
Sol. For second stone,
v 2 = v02 - 2g (4h)
0 2 = v 02 - 8gh

v 0 8gh

but they meth at height H in time t0.

Displacement of 1st stone is
1
h H gt 20
...(1)
2
and that of second stone is
1
H = v0 t 0 - gt 02
...(2)
2
After solving eqn (1) and (2)
1
1
h v 0 t 0 g t 02 g t 02
or
2
2

h = v0t0

v=0

(1)
(2)
h
v0

4h

t0 =

h
h
=
v0
8gh

t0 =

h
8g

Example 12. A rocket is launched at an angle 53 to the horizontal with an initial speed of 100 ms1. It
moves along its initial line of motion with an acceleration of 30 ms2 for 3 seconds. At this time its engine
fails & the rocket proceeds like a free body. Find :
(i) the maximum altitude reached by the rocket
(ii) total time of flight.
Sol. S0 = ut + at 2
= 100 3 + 30 9
= 300 + 135 = 435 m
In OAB
h
sin 53 =
S0
4
h S0 sin 53 435 87 4 348 m
5
v0 = u + at = 100 + 30 3 = 190 m/s
(velocity at the time of switch off)
After engin switch off
3
v0x v0 sin 37 190 114 m / s
5
4
v0y v0 cos37 190 152 m / s
5
ay = 10 m/s2, ax = 0
(i) At maximum altitudes vy = 0
2
v 2y = v 0y
+ 2a y h 0

0 = v 20y + 2a y h 0
h0

A
S0

v20y

u
53

2a y

152 152
h0
2 10
11552
h0 =
h 0 = 1155.2 m

10
The maximum altitude reached by the rocket is

= h0 + h
= (1155.2 + 348) m

(ii)Total time of flight.

1
y = v0 y t + a y t 2
2
1
- h = v 0y t 0 + a y t 02
2
1155.2 152t 0

1
10 t 20
2

1503.2 m

37 v0

37 h

Engin fail x

- 1155.2 = 152t 0 - 5t 20
5 t 20 - 152 t 0 - 1155.2 = 0
t 02 - 30.4 t 0 - 231.04 = 0

t 0 = 35.54 sec.

Example 13. A particle is moving with a velocity of v = (3 + 6t + 9t2) cm/s. Find out :
(a) the acceleration of the particle at t = 3 s.
(b) the displacement of the particle in the interval t = 5 s to t = 8 s.
Sol. (a) Acceleration of particle
a=

dv
= ( 6 + 18t ) cm / s 2
dt

At t = 3 s,
a = (6 + 18 3) cm/s2
a = 60 cm/s2
(b) Given, v = (3 + 6t + 9t2) cm/s

or

ds
= (3+ 6t + 9t 2 )
dt
ds = (3 + 6t + 9t2)dt

s = 3t + 3t 2 + 3t 3 5 or s = 1287 cm

or

ds =

(3+ 6t + 9t ) dt
2

Example 14 : The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by the function x = (2t 3)2 where x is in
metres and t is in seconds.
(a) Find the position, velocity and acceleration at t = 2 s.
(b) Find the velocity of the particle at origin.
Sol. (a) Position, x = (2t 3)2
Velocity,

dx
4 2t 3 m / s
dt

and acceleration, a =

dv
= 8 m / s2
dt

At t = 2 s,
x = (2 2 3)2 = 1.0 m
v = 4(2 2 3) = 4 m/s and a = 8 m/s2
(b) At origin, x = 0
or
(2t 3) = 0

v=40=0

v
20

Example 15. The fig. shows the vt graph of a particle moving in straight line.
Find the time when particle returns to the starting point.
Sol. When the particle comes at initial position, total displacement is zero.
Since, the area of v t graph gives displacement. In this case area of
v t graph should be zero.
1
1
S 20 25 t 25 v 0
2
2
v0
or 0 250 t 25
2
500
...(1)
or t 25 v
0
v
20
0
Also tan
from figure
25 20 t 25
v0
or 4
t 25
...(2)
v 0 4 t 25
From eqn (1) and (2)
500
125
t 25

4 t 25 t 25

10

10 20

25 t

v
20

20

25

20

t(s)
40

v0

t 25 2 125
t 25 125 5 5

t = (25 + 5 5 ) sec.

t = 36.2 sec

Example 16. From the velocity-time plot shown in figure, find the distance
travelled by the particle during the first 40 seconds. Also find the average
velocity during this period.
Sol. The distance fravelled by the particle during the first 20 second.
1
S1 v t
2
1
S1 5 20
S1 = 50 m

2
The distance travelled by the partile during next 20 second is
1
S2 5 20
2
S2 = 50 m
Since distance is a sclar quantity therefore
total distance = S1 + S2 = 50 + 50

V
5m/s

5m/s

S = 100 m

Example 17. A ball is dropped from a height of 80m on a floor. At each collision the ball losses half of its speed.
Plot the speed-time graph and velocity-time graph of its motion till two collisions with the floor,
[Take g = 10 ms2].

Sol. The time in first collision

1 2
gt (during downward motion)
2
1
80 = 0 + 10 t 2
( u = 0)
or
2
2 80
t=
= 4s
or
10
Final speed just before first collision
v = 0 + 10 4 = 40 m/s
h = ut +

40
m / s.
It now loses half of initial speed after the collision i.e., when it first bounces its initial speed is 20 =
2
So, the time is loosing half of its speed.
0 = 20 10 t
(during upward motion)
20
t=
= 2s
(final speed = 0)
10
In 2 s, it attains height
1
h= 20 2 - 10 (2) 2
2
h = 40 20 = 20 m
Now, it is dropped again from 20m with zero initial speed. Time taken in reaching the ground
1
20 = 0 + 10(t) 2
2
t=2s
Also final speed v2 = 0 + 2 10 20 (from v2 = u2 + 2gh)

v = 20 m/s
Thus, with the above data, we can draw the speed-time graph.
Speed (m/s)
40
20
4

Time(s)

Since, velocity is a vector quantity so from the above graph, we can now draw the velocity-time graph.
[Take downward motion positive and upward motion negative in case of vt graph]
Velocity (m/s)
40
20
4

Time(s)

20

Example 18. The velocity-time graph of an object moving along a straight line is as shown in the fig.
Calculate the distance covered by the object :
20 ms1

A
2

v
O

C
10

(a) between t = 0 to t = 5 s and

(b) between t = 0 to t = 10 s.
Sol. (a) Let x1 be the distance covered in the time interval between t = 0 to t = 5 s. Then, x1 = area of the trapezium
OABB
AB + OB
3+ 5
=
20 = 80 m
AA=

2
2
(b) Let x2 be the distance covered in the time interval between t = 0 to t = 10 s. Then, x2 = area of the
trapezium OABC.
AB + OC
3 + 10
=
AA=
20 = 130 m
2
2

Example 21. A, B & C are three objects each moving wit constant velocity. As speed is 10m/sec in a

direction PQ . The velocity of B relative to A is 6 m/sec at an angle of cos1(15/24) to PQ. The velocity

of C relative to B is 12 m/sec in a direction QP , then find the magnitude of the velocity of C.

Sol. v A = 10 i

v B 6 cos i 6sin j
15
351
Here cos , sin
24
24

And
v CB = - 12 i

v BA = v B - vA

or
6cos i 6sin j v B 10 i

v B cos i 6sin j 10 i
6

15
351
i6
j 10 i
24
24
351
15

4 10 i 4 j

55
351
i
j
4
4

v CB = vC - v B

55
351
v C = vCB + v B = - 12 i + i +
j
4
4
7
351
= i +
j
4
4

But

2
7 351
vC
4 4

49 + 351
=
4

400 20
=
4
4

Ans.

5 m/s

Example 23. A man with some passengers in his boat, starts perpendicular to flow of river 200m wide and
flowing with 2m/s. boat speed in still water is 4m/s. When he reaches half the width of river the passengers
asked him they want to reach the just opposite end from where they have started.
(a) Find the direction due to which he must row to reach the required end.
(b) How many times more total time, it would take to that if he would have denied the passengers.
Sol. (a) Event (1) From A to B,
Time taken by boat to recent from A to B is
100 100
t=
=
= 25sec.
vy
4
Also, AD = vx t = 2t = 50 m
Event (2) From B to C,
Actual velocity of boat should be along BC. This actual velocity is found by resultant of vrel and vr.

v rel = v b - vr
xcomput of actual velocity is
y
vx = vr vrel sin = 2 4sin
C
E
vb
and
y comput of actual velocity is
B 200m
vrel
vy = vrel cos
vrel
vr
The time taken to go from B to C is
D
A
BE
t0 =
vy
100
100

v rel cos 4 cos

25
cos
EC = vx t 0
= (2 4 sin ) t 0
25
4 sin 2
cos
EC = AD = 50 m

Also,

But

(b)

25
cos
25
50 4 sin 2
cos
50 cos = 100 sin 50
cos = 2 sin 1
1 + cos = 2 sin

2 cos 2 4sin cos

2
2
2
a 1
tan =
2 2

1
tan 1
2
2
EC 4 sin 2

1
2 tan 1
2
If boat crosses the river with initial condition
200 200
t1 =
=
vy
vrel

200
= 50sec.
4
If boat cross the river with final condition,
t 2 = t AB + t BC
t2 = t + t0
25
t 2 25
cos
1
tan

2 2

2
cos
2
5

cos 2 cos 2 1
2
4
2 1
5
8
3
= - 1=
5
5
25
125 200
t 2 = 25 + = 25 +
=
3
3
3

5
t2 4
4
t2
200
=

t1 3
t1 3 50 3
t1 =

Example 24. To a person going west wards with a speed of 6 km/h rain appears to fall vertically downwards with
a speed of 8 km/h. Find the actual direction of rain.

Sol. Let
v M = velocity of man = 6 km/h

v = relative velocity of rain w.r.t. man = 8 km/h

Vertical

v R = actual velocity of rain

In this case

v = v R + (- v M )
vM
O
W

E
A
v = vR - vM
v
vR B

or
C
vR = vM + v
S

S
v R = (6) 2 + (8)2 = 10 km / h

The velocity of rain ( v R ) is given by the vector OC , the resultant of vectors OA and OB as shown in figure.

If is the angle that v R makes with the vertical, then

BC | v M | 6
tan
0.75
OB | v | 8
or
= 36 52
(east of vertical)
Example 25. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of 20 ms1 relative to air. A person is running in the rain
with a velocity of 5 ms1 and a wind is also blowing with a speed of 15 ms1 (both towards east). Find the
angle with the vertical at which the person should hold his umbrella so that he may not get drenched.

Sol. v ra = - 20 k
z
N

v m = 5 i

E
v a = 15 i
x
W

v ra = v r - v a

S
v r = - 20 k + 15 i

v rm = v r - v m
= - 20k +15i - 5i
= - 20 k + 10 i
10 1
tan

20 2
1
tan1
2

vrm

vertically

Example 26. An aircraft flies at 400 km/h in still air. A wind of 200 2 km / h is blowing from the south. The pilot
wishes to travel from A to a point B north east of A. Find the direction he must steer and time of his journey if
AB = 1000 km.

Sol. Given that vw = 200 2 km / h . vaw = 400 km/h and v a should be along AB or in north-east direction. Thus,

the direction of v aw should be such as the resultant of v w and v aw is along AB or in north-east direction.
N
B
va
A

45

45 vw = 200 2 km/h
C
vaw = 400 km/h
E

Let v aw makes an angle with AB as shown in fig. Applying sine law in triangle ABC, we get
AC
BC

sin 45 sin
BC
sin
sin 45
or
AC
200 2 1
1
sin

400 2 2

= 30
therefore, the pilot should steer in a direction at an angle of (45 + ) or 75 from north towards east.

| va |
400

Further,
sin(180 45 30 ) sin 45

sin105
km
| v a |
(400)
or
sin 45
h

km 0.9659
km
cos15
| va |
(400)

(400)

sin 45
0.707
h
h

km
| va | 546.47
h
The time of journey from A to B is
AB
1000
t
h

t = 1.83 h
| va | 546.67

Example 27. A glass wind screen whose inclination with the vertical can
be changed, is mounted on a cart as shown in figure. The cart moves
uniformly along the horizontal path with a speed of 6 m/s. At what
maximum angle to the vertical can the wind screen be placed so
that the rain drops falling vertically downwards with velocity 2 m/s,
do not enter the cart ?

Sol. v c = 6 i

v r = 2 j

v rc = v r - vc
vrc
v
6
tan c 3

vr 2
AE

AE cos
ED
sin
tan

BE cos
sin
3
2sin 2 / 2

2sin cos
2
2 cot
3

2
2sin 2
2

v=6m/s

vc

vr
y

cos

A
cos
sin

vr

B
C

or
or
or

3
2
1
tan
2 3

1
tan 1
2
3

cot

1
2 tan 1
3


Example 28. A bird flies in the xy plane with a velocity v = t 2 i + 3t j . At t = 0, bird is at origin.
Calculate position and acceleration of bird as function of time.
Sol. We have given

v = t 2 i + 3t j

Here,
Since,

vx = t2, vy = 3t and vz = 0
vx = t2

or

dx
t2
dt

or

0 dx 0 t dt

or
Also,

t 2

t3
3
vy = 3t
x

or

dy
3t
dt

or

0 dy 0 3t dt

3t 2

Thus, position of bird is r x i y j

t3
3t 2
r i
j
3
2
vx = t2

and

dv x d(t) 2

2t
dt
dt
vy = 3t
ax

dv y

dt
dt
dt

ay = 3 unit

Thus, acceleration of bird is a a x i a y j

a 2t i 3 j
or

Example 29. Prove that the maximum horizontal range is four times the maximum height attained by the projectile;
when fired at an inclination so as to have maximum horizontal range.
Sol. For = 45, the horizontal range is maximum and is given by
R max

u2
g

Maximum height attained

or

u 2 sin 2 45 u 2 R max
H max

2g
4g
4
Rmax = 4 Hmax

Example 30. There are two angles of projection for which the horizontal range is the same. Show that the sum of
the maximum heights for these two angles is independent of the angle of projection.
Sol. There are two angles of projection and 90 for which the horizontal range R is same.
Now,

H1

u 2 sin 2
2g

u 2 sin 2 90
H2
and
2g
2
2
u cos
H2
2g
2
u
u2
2
2
H

sin

cos

Therefore, 1
2
2g
2g
Clearly, the sum of the heights for the two angles of projection is independent of the angle of projection.

Example 31. A particle is projected upwards with a velocity of 100 m/sec at an angle of 60 with the vertical.
Find the time when the particle will move perpendicular to its initial direction, taking g = 10 m/sec2.
Sol. Here
ax = 0
ay = g
ux = 100 sin60 = 50 3
uy = 100 cos60 = 50

u 0 = u x i + u y j = 50 3 i + 50j

v y = u y + a y t = 50 gt

v x = u x = 50 3 m / s

v = 50 3 i + (50 - gt )j

But u and v are perpendicular..

u v0
or
or

50

60

3 i 50 j 50 3 i 50 gt j 0

7500 + 2500 500 t = 0

10000
t=

500

t 0 = 20 second

Example 32. Fig. shows a pirate ship 560 m from a fort defending the harbor entrance of an island. A defense
cannon, located at sea level, fires balls at initial speed v0 = 82 m/s.
(a) At what angle 0 from the horizontal must a ball be fired to hit the ship ?
(b) How far should the pirate ship be from the cannon if it is to be beyond the maximum range of the cannonballs?
y

6 3
27

x
R = 560 m

Sol. (a) Because the cannon and the ship are at the same height, the horizontal displacement is the range.
The horizontal range is
R

v 20
sin 2
g

...(i)

which gives us
gR
20 sin 1 2
v0

9.8 560
20 sin 1
(82)2
20 = sin1(0.816)
...(ii)
1
0 (46.7 ) 23
2
and
= 90 0
= 90 23 = 67
The commandant of the fort can elevate the cannon to either of these two angles and (if only there were no
intervening air!) hit the pirate ship.
(b) We have seen that maximum range corresponds to an elevation angle 0 of 45. Thus, from Eq. (i) with

0 = 45.
v02
(82)2
sin 20
sin(2 45 )
g
9.8
R = 686 m 690 m
As the pirate ship sails away, the two elevation angles at which the ship can be hit draw together, eventually
merging at 0 = 45 when the ship is 690 m away. Beyond that distance the ship is safe.
R

Example 33. A particle is projected in the XY plane. 2 sec after projection the velocity of the particle
makes an angle 45 with the X-axis. 4 sec after projection, it moves horizontally. Find the velocity of
projection.
Sol. After 4 sec the particle reach at maximum hight.
At maximum height it move horizontally.
So that,
T
y
=4
2
v0

2u sin
2u sin
T8
T

g
g
O

x
80
u sin
40
...(1)
2
u cos = v cos 45
v sin45 = 45 sin 10 2

u sin 20
20

u cos
u cos
From eqn (1) and (2)
u2 sin2 + u2 cos2 = 402 + 202
u2 = 1600 + 400 = 2000
1

u 20 100 10 20
20 5 m / s

ucos = 20

...(2)

Example 34. A projectile is fired horizontal with a velocity of 98 m/s from the
top of a hill 490 m high. Find
(a) the time taken by the projectile to reach the ground
(b) the distance of the point where the particle hits the ground from foot
of the hill and
(c) the velocity with which the projectile hits the ground (g = 9.8 m/s2)
Sol. Here, ux = 98 m/s, ax = 0, uy = 0 and ay = g
(a) At A, sy = 490 m. So, applying
1
sy u y t a y t2
2
1
490 0 (9.8)t 2

t = 10 s
1
BA s x u x t a x t 2
(b)
2
or
BA = (98) (10) + (0) or BA = 980 m
(c)
vx = ux = 98 m/s
vy = uy + ayt = 0 + (9.8) (10) = 98 m/s

v v x2 v 2y (98)2 (98)2 98 2 m / s

and

tan

= 45

vy
vx

u = 98 m/s
x
y

vx

vy

98
1
98

Thus, the projectile hits the ground with a velocity 98 2 m / s at an angle of = 45 with horizontal.
Example 35. A train starts from rest and moves with a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 for half a minute. The
brakes are then applied and the train comes to rest in one minute. Find

(a) the total distance moved by the train,

(b) the maximum speed attained by the train and
(c) the position(s) of the train at half the maximum speed.
Sol. (a) S1 = The distance moved by the train in first half minute.
1
S1 = u1t1 + a1t12
2
1
1
S1 = 0 t1 + 2 (30)2
{ t1 = minute}
2
2
1
S1 =
2 900

S1 = 900 m
2
The distance moved by the train after brakes applied.
1
S2 = u2t2 + a2t22
2
u2 = u1 + a1t1
u2 = 0 + 2 30
u2 = 60 m/s
v2 = u2 a2t2
0 = 60 a2 60

a 2 = 1 m / sec2

v22 = u22 + 2 a2S2

0 = 60 60 2 1 S2
S2 = 1800 m
Total distance(s) = S1 + S2
S = (900 + 1800) m
S = 2700 m

S = 2.7 km

(b) the maximum speed attained by the train is

u 2 = 60 m / s
(c) the position of the train at half of minimum speed.
u22 = u12 + 2a1S
(30)2 = 0 + 2 2 S
900
= S'
S' = 225 m

Example 36. A car is moving along a straight line. It is taken from rest to a velocity of 20 ms1 by a constant
acceleration of 5 ms2. It maintains a constant velocity of 20 ms2 for 5 seconds and then is brought to rest
again by a constant acceleration of 2 ms2. Draw a velocity-time graph and find the distance covered by the
car.
Sol. v22 = u2 + 2aS
(20)2 = 0 + 2 5 S
400
S=
S = 40 m

10
Car maintains a constant velocity of 20 m/s for 5 Second.
S = v t
S '' = 100 m
S = 20 5

The car comes to rest by a constant acceleration of 2 m/s

(v)2 = v2 + 2 aS
0 = (20)2 2 2 S
400
S '' =
S'' = 100 m

4
The total distance covered by the car.
= S + S + S
= 40 + 100 + 100
= 240 m
Example 37. A ball rolls off the edge of a horizontal table top 4m high. If it strikes the floor at a point 5m horizontally
away from the edge of the table, what was its speed at the instant it left the table ?
Sol. Using h

or

1 2
gt we have,
2
1 2
h AB gt AC
2
2h AB
t AC

Further,

24
0.9 s
9.8
BC 5.0
v

5.55 m / s
or
t AC 0.9

BC = vtAC

v
A
4m
C

B
5m

Example 38. A ball is projected at an angle of 30 above with the horizontal from the top of a tower and
strikes the ground in 5 sec at an angle of 45 with the horizontal. Find the height of the tower and the
speed with which it was projected.
Sol. ux = v0 cos30
uy = v0 sin30
Vx = uX = v0 cos30
y
vy = u y + a y t
v0
vy = v0 sin30 gt
30
x
v0
H
v y 10 5
2
v0
ax=0, ay= g
50
vy
2
But
tan 45

v x v 0 cos 30
v
v 0 cos 30 0 50
2
1
3
v0
50
2 2

v0 =

100
3 +1
100

3 1

3 1

50

3 1

3 1

Also,

1
y = - H = u yt + a yt2
2
1
H v0 sin 30 5 10 52
2

H 125 2 3 m

Example 39. A ball is thrown horizontally from a cliff such that it strikes ground
after 5 sec. The line of sight from the point of projection to the point of
hitting makes an angle of 37 with the horizontal. What is the initial velocity
of projection.
Sol. vx = v0cos37
vy = v0sin37
y
ax = gsin37 = 6 m/s2
v0
O
37
2
ay = gcos37 = 8 m/s
From O to A, displacement along y-axis is zero.
37
y = uyt + ayt 2
{ t = 5 sec.}

0 = uy 5 + 8 25
5uy = 8 25
100
uy =
= 20 m / s
5
3
20 v0
5
100
v0 =
m/s
3

37

Example 40. A ball is projected from top of a tower with a velocity of 5 m/s at an angle of 53 to horizontal.
Its speed when it is at a height of 0.45 m from the point of projection is :
(A) 2 m/s
(B) 3 m/s
(C) 4 m/s
(D) data insufficient
Sol. According to conservation principle of machenic energy
Ui + T i = Uf + T f
1
1
0 + mu 2 = mgh + mv 2
2
2
2
2
u = 2gh + v
v = u 2 - 2gh

v 52 2 10 0.45
v 25 9

16

v 4 m/s
u

Example 41. In the figure shown, the two projectiles are fired simultaneously.
20m/s
What should be the initial speed of the left side projectile for the two
60
45
projectile to hit in mid-air ?
10 m
Sol. When two projectiles are projected from same height, then for collision, vertical component of velocities
of both projectiles should be same

u sin 60 = 20 sin45
20sin 45
u=
sin 60
20 2
u

2 3

u = 20

2
m/s
3

Example 42. The speed of a particle when it is at its greatest height is 2 / 5 times of its speed when it is at
its half the maximum height. the angle of projection is _____ and the velocity vector angle at half the
maximum height is ______.
Sol. uy = usin
u
u cos
ux = ucos
vx = ucos
...(1)
2
2
vy = uy +2ayS
H
v 2y u 2 sin 2 2g ...(2)
2
2
u cos
v 2x v 2y
5
2
H
u cos
u 2 cos 2 u 2 sin 2 2g
5
2
u cos

2
5
2
u
5

u2 g

u 2 sin 2
2g

sin 2
2

2
sin
1
5
2
2
2 sin
cos2 1
5
2

cos

2 sin 2

or
,
5
5
or
5 5sin 2 sin 2 2
or
3 4 sin2 = 0
3
sin
60

2
vy
u 2 sin 2 gH
tan

and
vx
u cos
cos 2

u 2 sin 2
2g
u cos

1 sin 2

{from eqn. (1) and (2)}

sin 2
sin
2
tan
cos

tan

u 2 sin 2 g
tan

sin 2
2
tan
cos

sin 2 2

5
5

tan tan 60

2
2

tan

3
2

tan 1

3
2

Example 43. A projectile is to be thrown horizontally from the top of a wall of height 1.7 m. Calculate the
initial velocity of projection if its hits perpendicularly an incline of angle 37 which starts from the ground
at the bottom of the wall. The line of greatest slope of incline lies in the plane of motion of projectile.
Sol. ux = v0
uy = 0
ay = g = 10 m/s2
vx = v1 cos53 = 0.6 v1
vy = v1 sin53 = 0.8 v1
vx = u x = v 0
or 0.6 v1 = v0
v
10v0 5v 0
v1 = 0 =
=
...(1)
v0
O
x
0.6
6
3
1 2
vy = u y + a y t
gt
2
C
0.8v1 = 10 t
v1
h = 1.7 m A
37
5v
0.8 0 10 t
3
53
37
x 53
6
60
grad
B
t=
t
v0 =
...(2)
y
v1
0.8
8
In BAC
1
1.7 - gt 2 1.7 - 5t 2
AB
3
2
tan 37 =

=
=
AC
4
uxt
v0 t
2
or
3v0t = 6.8 20t
8v
64 v02
3v 0 0 6.8 20
or
60
3600
2
72 64 2
24 2 64v 0
v0 +
= 6.8
or

v 0 6.8
180
60
180
6.8 180
v 20
9
v0 = 3 m / s

or
136
Example 44. A hunter is riding an elephant of height 4m moving in straight line with uniform speed of 2 m/
sec. A dear running with a speed V in front at a distance of 4 5m moving perpendicular to the direction
of motion of the elephant. If hunter can throw his spear with a speed of 10 m/sec, relative to the elephant,
then at what angle to its direction of motion must he thrown his spear horizontally for a successful hit.
Find also the speed V of the dear.
1 2
Sol. h = gt
2
2h
24
8
t

g
10
10

Assume horizontal plane at xyplane.

v rel 10 cos i 10sin j

v rel u 2 i

u v rel 2 i 10 cos 2 i 10 sin j

The deer is moving along yaxis.
So, displacement of deer and displacement of spear along yaxis will be same in time t.

v t = u yt

v = 10 sin
...(1)
Also, along xaxis :

ux t = 4 5
8
4 5
10
10 4 5

10
10cos 2 4 5
or
2
8

10 cos = 8
8
4
cos

= 37
10
5
From eqn (1)
or

10cos 2

v = 10 sin = 10 sin37 = 10

3
=
5

4m
2m/s
x

6 m/s

y
A
Example 45. An object A is kept fixed at the point x = 3 m and y = 1.25 m on a
P
1.25m
plank P raised above the ground. At time t = 0 the plank starts moving along
u
the + x direction with an acceleration 1.5 m/s2. At the same instant a stone is
x
O
3.0m
projected from the origin with a velocity u as shown. A stationary person on
the ground observes the stone hitting the object during its downward motion at an angle of 45 to the horizontal.
All the motions are in x y plane. Find u and the time after which the stone hits the object. Take g = 10 m/s2.
Sol. ux = u cos
uy = u sin
ax = 0
u
u =ucos
45
ay = g
1.25
If the stone hitt the object after time t.
So that virtical displacement of stone is 1.25 m
u cos
1 2
y = uyt + a yt
2
1 2
therefore 1.25 (u sin )t gt
2
1
1.25 (u sin )t 10 t 2
2
1.25 = (u sin) t 5 t 2
(u sin)t = 1.25 + 5t 2
...(1)
Hotizontal displacement of stone is
x = 3 + displacement of object A.
Initial velocity of object is zero.

u sin

so displacement of object is
1
1
1.25 at 2 1.5 t 2 0.75 t 2
2
2
x = 3 + 0.75 t 2
(u cos)t = 3 + 0.75 t 2
Since velocity vector inclined at 45 with horizontals.
u y u sin gt
tan(45 )

ux
u cos
u cos = (u sin gt)
u cos = gt u sin
(u cos) t + (u sin) t = 10 t2
Add eqn (1) and (2)
(u cos) t + (u sin) t = 4.25 + 5.75 t2
from eqn (3) and (4)
10 t2 = 4.25 + 5 .27 t2
4.25 t2 = 4.25
t2 = 1

From eqn (1) and (2)

uy = u sin = 6.25 m/s
uy = 6.25 m/s
ux = 3.75 m/s

...(2)

...(3)

...(4)

t = 1 sec.

u = u 2x + u 2y
u = (6.25) 2 + (3.75) 2

u = 7.29 m / s

Example 46. A particle is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 30 to an inclined plane of inclination
30 to the horizontal. The particle hits the inclined plane at an angle of 30, during its journey. Find the
(a) time of impact,
(b) the height of the point of impact from the horizontal plane passing through the point of projection.
Sol. The particle hits the plane at 30 (the angle of inclination of plane). It means particle hits the plane horizontally.
(a)

T u sin

2
g

20sin 30 30
1.76 s
9.8
u 2 sin 2
H
2g
t

(b)

30
30

2
20 sin 2 60

H
15.3 m

2 9.8

Example 47. A particle is projected up an inclined plane with initial speed v = 20 m/s at an angle = 30 with plane.
Find the component of its velocity perpendicular to plane when it strikes the plane.
Sol. Component of velocity perpendicular to plane remains the same (in opposite direction)
i.e.,
u sin = 20 sin 30 = 10 m/s
Example 48. A particle is thrown horizontally with relative velocity 10 m/s from an
inclined plane, which is also moving with acceleration 10 m/s2 vertically upward.
Find the time after which it lands on the plane (g = 10 m/s2).
Sol.

ux = 10 cos30 = 5 3 m/s
uy = 10 sin30 = 5 m/s
arel =20 m/s2

10m/s2
30

y
10sin30 10 m/s2
v0= 10m/s
KINEMATICS
O
30
0
o s3
c
A 10

ax = arel sin30 = 10 m/s2

ay = arel cos30
3
10 3 m / s 2
2
when ball lands on inclined plane, y = 0
1
y = uyt + ay t 2
2
1
0 5 t 10 3 t 2
2
5 3 t =5
1
t=
sec.

3
20

30

Example 49. A particle is projected from point P with velocity 5 2 m/s perpendicular to
the surface of a hollow right angle cone whose axis is vertical. It collides at Q
normally. Find the time of the flight of the particle.
u0x = 5 2m / s
u0y = 0
ax = g sin45
ay = g cos45
At point Q, vx = 0
{ the particle collied normally at point Q}
The time taken by particle to go from P to Q is t0.
vx = u x + a x t
0 = 5 2 g sin45 t 0

Q
45

x
P

Q
45

Sol.

g 45

45

5 2
5 2 2

1 sec.
g sin 45
10
t 0 = 1 sec.

t0

Example 50. A ball is projected on smoot inclined plane in direction perpendicular to

line of greatest slope with velocity of 8m/s. Find its speed after 1 sec.
Sol. vy = uy + ayt
vy = 0 + 10 sin37 1
3
vy = 10 1
7
5
in3
gs
vy = 6 m/s
37
vx = ux = 8 m/s
x
y

v = v x2 + v 2y
= 82 + 6 2
Ans. 10 m / s

8 m/s

37

ASSERTION & REASON

it of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
1.

THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS

A statement of assertion (A) is given and a Corresponding statement of reason (R) is given just below
the statements, mark the correct answer as
If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
If A is true but R is false.
If both A and R are false.
If A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A) :
Reason (R) :

2.

Assertion (A) :

Horizontal component of the velocity of angular projectile remains unchange during its
flight.
At highest point the velocity reduces to zero.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Suppose a particle starts moving in a straight line with initial velocity +u and an acceleration
a, then velocity at displacement s comes out to be, v 2 u 2 2as . If we draw a graph
between v 2 and s, it will be a straight line as shown in figure.
2

S0

Reason (R) :

v 2 versus s graph is a straight line passing through origin with positive intercept and
negative slope.
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

3.

Assertion (A) :
Reason (R) :

A body can have acceleration even if its velocity is zero at a given instant of time.
A body is momentarily at rest when it reverses its direction of motion.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

4.

Assertion (A) :

When a body is projected with an angle 45, its range is maximum.

Reason (R) :

For maximisation of range sin 2 should be equal to one.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

5.

Assertion (A) :
Reason (R) :

Rocket in flight is not an illustration of projectile.

Rocket takes flight due to combustion of fuel and does not move under the gravity effect
alone.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

6.

Assertion (A) :

The slope of displacement-time graph of a body moving with high velocity is steeper
than the slope of displacement-time graph of a body with low velocity.
Slope of displacement-time graph = Velocity of the body.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Reason (R) :

7.

Assertion (A) :
Reason (R) :

Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by it is not zero.

The displacement is the longest distance between initial and final position.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

8.

Assertion (A) :
Reason (R) :

9.

The relative velocity between any two bodies moving in opposite direction is equal to sum
of the velocities of two bodies.
Sometimes relative velocity between two bodies is equal to difference in velocities of the
two.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Assertion (A) :
Reason (R) :

The displacement-time graph of a body moving with uniform acceleration is a straight line.
The displacement is proportional to time for uniformly accelerated motion.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

10. Assertion (A) :

Reason (R) :

A body falling freely may do so with constant velocity.

The body falls freely, when acceleration of a body is equal to acceleration due to gravity.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

11. Assertion (A) :

Reason (R) :

The speedometer of an automobile measure the average speed of the automobile.

Average velocity is equal to total displacement per total time taken.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Level # 1
1.

A train starting from rest travels the first part of its journey with constant acceleration a, second part with
constant velocity v and third part with constant retardation a, being brought to rest. The average speed for
7v
. The train travels with constant velocity for .... of the total time
the whole journey is
8
(A)

2.

3
4

(B)

7
8

(C)

5
6

(D)

9
7

A particle moving in a straight line with uniform acceleration is observed to be at a distance a from a fixed
point initially. It is at distances b, c, d from the same point after n, 2n, 3n second. The acceleration of the
particle is
(A)

c 2b a
n2

(B)

cba
9 n2

(C)

c 2b a
4 n2

(D)

c ba
n2

3.

If a, b and c be the distances travelled by the body during xth, yth and zth second from start, then which of
the following relations is true ?
(A) a(y z) + b(z x) + c(x y) = 0
(B) a(x y) + b(y z) + c(z x) = 0
(C) a(z x) + b(x y) + c(y z) = 0
(D) ax + by + cz = 0

4.

A body of mass 3 kg falls from the multi-storeyed building 100 m high and buries itself 2m deep in the sand.
The time of penetration will be
(A) 0.09 s
(B) 0.9 s
(C) 9 s
(D) 10 s

5.

Two cars A and B, each having a speed of 30 km/hr are heading towards each other along a straight path. A
bird that can fly at 60 km/hr flies off car A when the distance between the cars is 60 km, heads directly
towards car B, on reaching B, the bird directly flies back to A and so forth, then the total distance the bird
travels till the cars meet is.
(A) infinite
(B) 30 km
(C) 60 km
(D) 120 km

6.

Two cars A and B, each having a speed of 30 km/hr are heading towards each other along a straight path. A
bird that can fly at 60 km/hr flies off car A when the distance between the cars is 60 km, heads directly
towards car B, on reaching B, the bird directly flies back to A and so forth, the total no. of trips which the bird
makes till the cars meet is
(A) Four
(B) Eight
(C) Sixteen
(D) Infinite

7.

Three particles start from the origin at the same time, one with a velocity v 1 along x-axis the second along
the y-axis with a velocity v 2 and the third along x = y line. The velocity of the third so that the three may
always lie on the same line.
v1 v 2
2 v1 v 2
3 v1 v 2
(C)
(D) Zero
(B)
(A)
v1 v 2
v1 v 2
v1 v 2

8.

Choose the correct statement

(A) A body starts from rest and moving with constant acceleration travels a distance y1 and the 3rd second
y1 5
and y2 in 5th second. The ratio y 9 .
2
(B) A ball falls from the top of a tower in 8 second in 4 second, it till cover the first quarter of the distance
starting from top.
(C) The distance traveled by a freely falling stone released. With zero velocity in the last second of its
motion to that traveled by it in the last second of its motion to that traveled by it in the last but one
second is 7 : 5. The stone strike the ground with velocity 39.2 m/s.
(D) None of these

9.

A steam boat goes across a lake and comes back (i) on a quiet day when the water is still, and (ii) on a
rough day when there is a uniform current so as to help the journey onward and to impede the journey back.
If the speed of the launch, on both days, was same, the time required for the complete journey on the rough
day, as compared to that on the quiet day, will be.
(A) Less
(B) Same
(C) More
(D) Cannot be predicted

10.

A car is moving along a straight road with a uniform acceleration. It passes through two points P and Q
separated by a distance with velocity 30 km/hr and 40 km/hr respectively. The velocity of the car midway
between P and Q is
(A) 33.3 km/hr

(B) 20 3 km/hr

(C) 25 2 km/hr

(D) 35 km/hr

11.

Starting from rest a particle moves in a straight line with acceleration a = (25 t 2)1/2 m/s2 for 0 t 5 s,
3
a=
m/s2 for t > 5 s. The velocity of particle at t = 7 s is.
8
(A) 11 m/s
(B) 22 m/s
(C) 33 m/s
(D) 44 m/s

12.

A body is released from a great height and falls freely towards the earth. Exactly one sec later another body
is released. What is the distance between the two bodies 2 sec after the release of the second body.
(A) 4.9 m
(B) 9.8 m
(C) 24.5 m
(D) 50 m

13.

The distance moved by a freely falling body (starting from rest) during 1st, 2nd, 3rd, .... nth s of its motion
are proportional to.
(A) Even numbers
(B) Odd numbers
(C) All integral numbers
(D) Square of integral numbers

14.

A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 10 m/s from the top of a tower 200 m high and another is
thrown vertically downwards with the same speed simultaneously. the time difference between them in
reaching the ground in s(g = 10 m/s 2) is
(A) 12
(B) 6
(C) 2
(D) 1

15.

Between two stations a train first accelerates uniformly, then moves with uniform speed and finally, retards
uniformly. If the ratios of the time taken for acceleration, uniform speed and retarded motions are 1 : 8 : 1
and the maximum speed of the train is 60 km/h, the average speed of the train over the whole journey is.
(A) 25 km/h
(B) 54 km/h
(C) 40 km/h
(D) 50 km/h

16.

A ball is thrown vertically upwards. It was observed at a height h twice with a time interval t. The initial
velocity of the ball is.
(A)

8 gh g ( t )

(B)

g t
8 gh

(C)

1
2
2
2 8 gh g ( t )

(D)

8 gh 4g2 ( t )2

17.

A target is made of two plates, one of wood and the other of iron. The thickness of the wooden plate is 4 cm
and that of iron plate is 2 cm. A bullet fired goes through the wood first and then penetrates 1 cm into iron.
a similar bullet fired with the same velocity from opposite direction goes through iron first and then penetrates
2 cm into wood. If a1 and a2 be the retardation offered to the bullet by wood and iron plates respectively then
(A) a1 = 2a2
(B) a2 = 2a1
(C) a1 = a2
(D) Data insufficient

18.

The motion of a body falling from rest in a resisting medium is described by the equation
a and b are constants. The velocity at any time t is
a
b
(A) v t = b (1 ebt)
(B) v t = ebt
a

19.

a
(C) v t = b (1 + ebt)

(D) v t =

dv
= a bv where
dt

b bt
e
a

P
. To
o
Mv
increase the velocity of the vehicle from v 1 to v 2, the distance travelled by it (assuming no friction) is

A self-propelled vehicle of mass M whose engine delivers constant power P has an acceleration a =

(A) s =

3P 2
(v 2 v 12 )
M

(B) s =

M 2
( v 2 v 12 )
3P

(C) s =

M 3
( v 2 v 13 )
3P

(D) s =

3P 3
( v 2 v 13 )
M

For an airplane to take-off it accelerates according to the

graph shown and takes 12 s to take-off from the rest
position. The distance travelled by the airplane is.
(A) 21 m
(B) 210 m
(C) 2100 m
(D) 120 m

m/s2

20.

t (in s)

12

21. A river is flowing from west to east at a speed of 5 meters per minute. A man on the south bank of the river,
capable of swimming at 10 meters per minute in still water, wants to swim across the river in the shortest
time. He should swim in a direction.
(A) due north
(B) 30 east or north (C) 30 west of north
(D) 60 east of north
22. A boat which has a speed of 5 km/hr in still water crosses a river of width 1 km along the shortest possible
path in 15 minutes. The velocity of the river water in km/hr is
A
(A) 1

(B) 3

(C) 4

(D)

41

23. In 1, 0, s, a particle goes from point A to point B, moving in a semicircle of

radius 1.0 m (see Figure). The magnitude of the average velocity
(A) 3.14 m/s
(B) 2.0 m/s
(C) 1.0 m/s
(D) Zero

1.0 m

24. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the ground. It hits the ground and
bounces up vertically to a height

d 2 . Neglecting subsequent motion and air resistance, its velocity v varies

with the height h above the ground as

v

v
d

(A)

(B)

v
d

(C)

(D)

Acceleration
2
(m/s )
10

25. A body starts from rest at time t = 0, the acceleration time graph is shown
in the figure. The maximum velocity attained by the body will be
(A) 110 m/s
(B) 55 m/s
(C) 650 m/s
(D) 550 m/s

Time
11 (Sec.)

26. The velocity is displacement graph of a particle moving along a straight line is shown
v
v0

x0
The most suitable acceleration-displacement graph will be

(A)

a
x

(B)

(C)
x

(D)

Multiple Choice Question

27. A particle is moving eastwards with a velocity of 5 m/s. In 10s the velocity changes to 5 m/s northwards. The
average acceleration in this time is
(A) Zero
(C) 1

(B) 1

2 m s 2 towards north-east

(D)

2 m s 2 towards north-west

1
m s 2 towards north-west
2

28. A particle of mass m moves on the x-axis as follows : it starts from rest at t = 0 from the point x = 0, and
comes to rest at t = 1 at the point x = 1. NO other information is available about its motion at intermediate
times (0 < t < 1). If denotes the instantaneous acceleration of the particle, then:
(A)

(B)

cannot exceed 2 at any point in its path.

cannot remain positive for all t in the interval

0 t 1.

must be 4 at some point or points in its path.

(D) must change sign during the motion, but no other assertion can be made with the information given.
(C)

29. The coordinates of a particle moving in a plane are given by x(t) = a cos(pt) and y(t) = b sin(pt) where a, b(<a)
and p are positive constants of appropriate dimensions. Then
(A) the path of the particle is an ellipse
(B) the velocity and acceleration of the particle are normal to each other at

t 2 p .

(C) the acceleration of the particle is always directed towards a focus

(D) the distance travelled by the particle in time interval t = 0 to

t 2 p is a

30. At t = 0, an arrow is fired vertically upwards with a speed of 98 ms1

A second arrow is fired vertically upwards with the same speed at t = 5s. Then
(A) The two arrows will be at the same height above the ground at t = 12.5 s.
(B) The two arrows will reach back their starting points at t = 20 s and at t = 25 s.
(C) The ratio of the speeds of the first and the second arrows at t = 20 s will be 2 : 1.
(D) The maximum height attained by either arrow will be 980 m.
31. A projectile is fired with a constant speed at two different angles of projection, say,
same range. Then,

(A) cosec = sec

and

and

that give it the

are such that

(B) tan ( + ) (C) sin2 cos2 = sin2 cos2

(D) cot = cos sec

Fill in the blanks

1.

A particle moves in a circle of radius R. In half the period of revolution its displacement is _________ and
distance covered is ___________.

2.

Four persons K, L, M, N are initially at the four corners of a square of side d. Each person now moves with a
uniform speed v in such a way that K always moves directly towards L, L directly towards M, M directly
towards N, and N directly towards K. The four persons will meet at a time __________.

3.

Spotlight S rotates in a horizontal plane with constant angular velocity of 0.1 radian/second. The spot of light
P moves along the wall at a distance of 3 m. The velocity of the spot P when 45 (see figure) is
__________ ms/.
S

4.

The trajectory of a projectile in a vertical plane is y = ax bx , where a, b are

constants, and x and y are respectively the horizontal and vertical distances of
the projectile from the point of projection. The maximum height attained is
________ and the angle of projection from the horizontal is ________.

3m
P

True / False
5.

Two balls of different masses are thrown vertically upwards with the same speed. They pass through the point
of projection in their downward motion with the same speed (Neglect air resistance).

6.

A projectile fired from the ground follows a parabolic path. The speed of the projectile is minimum at the top
of its path.

7.

Two identical trains are moving on rails along the equator on the earth in opposite directions with the same
speed. They will exert the same pressure on the rails.

8.

An electric line of forces in the x-y plane is given by the equation x 2 + y2 = 1. A particle with unit positive
charge, initially at rest at the point x = 1, y = 0 in the x-y plane, will move along the circular line of force.

Table Match
9.

Match List I and List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:
Column-I
Column-II

I. Deceleration decreasing

A.

time

II. Deceleration increasing

B.

time
velocity

III.Acceleration decreasing

C.
time
velocity

IV.Uniform acceleration

D.
time
velocity

E.
time
(A) ID, IIE, IIIC, IVA
(C) IC, IIE, IIIB, IVA

(B) IE, IIB, IIIC, IVD

(D) ID, IIB, IIIA, IVC

Passage Type Questions

THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE
When an airplane flies, its total velocity with respect to the ground is

vtotal v plane vwind

Where v plane , denotes the planes velocity through motionless air, and vwind denotes the winds velocity..
Crucially, all the quantities in this equation are vectors. The magnitude of a velocity vector is often called the
speed.
Consider an airplane whose speed through motionless air is 100 m/s. To reach its destination, the plane
must fly east.
The heading of a plane is the direction in which the nose of the plane points. So, it is the direction in which
the engines propel the plane.
1.

If the plane has an eastward heading, and a 20 m/s wind blows towards the southwest, then the planes
speed is
(A) 80 m/s
(B) more than 80 m/s but less than 100 m/s
(C) 100 m/s
(D) more than 100 m/s

2.

The pilot maintains an eastward heading while a 20 m/s wind blows northward. The planes velocity is deflected
from due east by what angle?
(A) sin 1

3.

100 m s sin

1
5

(C) tan 1

1
5

(D) None of these

(B)

100 m s cos

(C)

100 m s

(D)

sin

100 m s
cos

Because the 20 m/s northward wind persists, the pilot adjusts the heading so that the planes total velocity
is eastward. By what angle does the new heading differ from due east?
(A) sin

5.

(B) cos 1

Let denote the answer to previous question. The plane in question 2 has what speed with respect to the
ground?
(A)

4.

1
5

1
5

(B) cos

1
5

(C) tan

1
5

(D) None of these

Let denote the answer to previous question. What is the total speed, with respect to the ground, of the
plane in previous question?
(A)

100 m s sin

(B)

100 m s cos

(C)

100 m s

(D)

sin

100 m s
cos

THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

During a car crash, the more rapidly a person decelerates, the more likely she is to be injured. A large
deceleration is dangerous, even if it lasts for a short time.
Airbags are designed to decrease the magnitude of the deceleration. Before the airbag inflates, the driver
continues forward at constant speed. But once the airbag inflates, the driver decelerates gradually, instead of
getting thrown into the windshield or steering wheel.
20 v
(m/s)

Airbag 1

.01 .02 .03 .04 .05 t(s)

20 v
(m/s)

Airbag 2

.01 .02 .03 .04 .05 t(s)

Airbag 3

20 v
(m/s)

.01 .02 .03 .04 .05 t(s)

Three different models of airbags were tested using identical crash test dummies. Sensors measured the
velocity of the crash test dummy as a function of time, when the car crashed at 20 m/s into a brick wall.
The shown velocity vs, time graphs resulted. Time t = 0 is the moment the car crashes.
6.

All three airbags are the same size and shape. Which one inflates most quickly?
(A) Airbag 1
(B) Airbag 2
(C) Airbag 3
(D) We cannot determine the answer from the given information.

7.

Let amax denote the largest instantaneous acceleration that the crash test dummy experiences during the
crash. The best airbag is the one for which
(A) Airbag 1
(C) Airbag 3

(B) Airbag 2
(D) We cannot determine the answer from the given information.

For airbag 2, which of the following graphs best represents the position of the crash test dummy as a function
of time? Let x = 0 m be the dummys position at time t = 0s.

.01
(A) A
9.

time(s)

time(s)

.01

(B) B

(C) C

Position

Position

Position

Position

8.

amax is as small as possible. Which airbag is best?

.01

time(s)

.01 time(s)

(D) D

For airbag 2, approximately how much distance does the dummy cover between the moment the car crashes
and the moment the dummy first makes contact with the airbag?
(A) 0.2 m
(B) 0.4 m
(C) 0.6 m
(D) 1.0 m
THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE
Recently, college teams from all over the country sent tennis players to participate in a series of experiments
conducted by the Physical Education Department of a major university. A variety of coaching methods was
used to improve the players serves, described below.
Experiment 1
Two groups of 50 tennis players worked on the speed of their basic serves for two weeks. one group consisted
solely of right-handed players; the other consisted solely of left-handed players. Half of each group watched
videos of a right-handed tennis coach. Each player was told to pattern his or her serve on that of the coach in
the video. The players received no verbal or physical guidance. the average speed of each players serve was
measured at the beginning and end of the two-week period, and changes were recorded in Table 1.

Table 1
Players'
handedness
Right
Right
Left
Left

Coach's
handedness
Right
Left
Right
Left

Average change in
speed (mph)
5
2
-1
8

Experiment 2
For two weeks, a second group of 100 right-handed tennis players watched the same videos of the righthanded tennis coach. The coach also physically guided 50 of the those players through the motions of the
serve. Again, no verbal instruction was given during the experiment. The average speed and accuracy of each
players serves were recorded at the beginning and end of this two-week period. The results are recorded in
Table - 2.

Table 2
Guided
No
Yes

Average Change in
speed (mph)
5
9

Average change in
Accuracy
15%
25%

Experiment 3
For two weeks, a third group of 100 right-handed tennis players worked on their basis serves. 50 players
received no verbal instruction; they watched the same video of the right handed tennis coach, who also
physically guided them through the motions of the serve. The other 50 players did not observe the video but
received verbal instruction from the coach, who then physically guided them thought the motions of the serve.
The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3
Guided Plus
Video
Verbal
Coaching

Average Change in
speed (mph)
7
10

10. Which of the following results would the expected if Experiment 3 were repeated using left-handed tennis
players and a left-handed coach
(A) The average service accuracy of all the players would increases by at least 30%.
(B) The average service speed of all the players would decrease slightly.
(C) Verbal coaching would improve average service speed less than would watching the video.
(D) The average service speed of the players who watched the video would increase by at least 8 mph.
11. Which of the following conclusions could NOT be supported by the results of Experiment
(A) Imitating someone whose handedness is the opposite of ones own will cause ones skills to deteriorate.
(B) Left-handed people are better than right-handed people at imitating the movement of someone with
similar handedness.
(C) People learn more easily by observing someone with similar handedness than by observing someone
with handedness opposite their own.
(D) Right-handed people are better than left-handed people at imitating the movement of someone whose
handedness is opposite their own.
12. Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the results of Experiment 2
(A) Instructional videos are more helpful for right-handed tennis players than is verbal instruction.
(B) Instructional videos are more helpful for left-handed tennis players than for right-handed tennis players.
(C) Physical guidance by a coach improves both speed and accuracy of service for right-handed tennis
players.
(D) Physical guidance by a coach improves service accuracy for right-handed tennis players more than for
left-handed players.
13. Suppose 50 left-handed tennis players watch a video of a left-handed coach and are also physically guided
by that coach. The results of the experiments suggest that the players average change in service speed will
most closely approximate
(A) 1 mph
(B) +5 mph
(C) +8 mph
(D) +12 mph
14. Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the results of Experiment 1 alone
(A) Tennis players improve less by observing coaches whose handedness is the opposite of their own than
by observing those with similar handedness.
(B) Right-handed tennis players are coached by left-handed coaches more frequently than left-handed
players are coached by right-handed coaches.
(C) Right-handed coaches are better models for all tennis players than are left-handed coaches.
(D) People learn much better from physical contact plus a visual stimulus than from the visual stimulus
alone.

THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

It is known that if a steel ball and a feather are dropped from the same height, the steel ball falls faster than
the feather. The following scientists have two different views on falling bodies:
Scientist 1 :
The force of gravity makes things fall. The greater the gravitational force on an object, the faster it falls. The
steel ball falls faster because it is more massive than the feather, and thus is attracted more strongly by the
earths gravitational field.
Scientist 2 :
The mass of an object does not determine how fast an object falls, but shape does. Two identical pieces of
paper will fall at different speeds, if one of them is crumpled into a small ball. That is because gravity is not
the only force acting on a falling object. Air buoys up objects falling through it. Since the shape of the steel
ball gives it less air resistance than a feather, it falls faster.
15. According to Scientist 1, the property that determines how fast an object will fall is its
(A) chemical composition
(B) mass
(C) shape
(D) gravity
16. According to Scientist 1, the speed of the falling ball could be increased by
(A) dropping the ball from a greater height
(B) making the ball out of aluminum
(C) reshaping the ball
(D) using a larger, steel ball
17. According to Scientist 2, a crumpled piece of paper falls at a different speed from a flat piece of paper
because of its
(A) mass
(B) air resistance
(C) gravitational attraction
(D) texture
18. Both scientists agree that the rate at which an object falls is affected by the
(A) force of gravity
(B) mass of the object
(C) objects resistance of air
(D) shape of object
19. Scientist 2 would predict that in a vacuum, two objects would fall at the same speed if they had the same
(A) shape and different masses
(B) air resistance and shape
(C) composition and air resistance
(D) mass and different shapes
20. Suppose a small ball and a feather having the same weight are dropped from the same height. Which of the
following would Scientist 1 predict?
(A) the feather would fall faster than the ball
(B) the ball and feather would fall at the same speed.
(C) the ball would fall faster than the feather
(D) none of the above.
21. Two balls of identical shape, one made of lead and one made of aluminum, are both dropped from the same
height. Which scientists prediction and reasoning is incorrect based on the arguments presented?
(A) Scientist 1 : the lead ball falls faster because the balls have different masses.
(B) Scientist 1 : the lead ball falls faster because the balls have different gravitational attraction.
(C) Scientist 2: The lead ball falls faster because the balls have the same air resistance.
(D) Scientist 2: The balls fall at the same rate because they have the same air resistance.
THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE
A student performs an experiment to determine how the range of a ball depends on the velocity with which
it is released. The range is the distance between where the ball lands and where it was released, assuming
it lands at the same height from which it was released.
In each trial, the student uses the same baseball, and launches it at the same angle. Table 1 shows the
experimental results.

Table 1
Trial
1
2
3
4

Launch speed (m/s)

10
20
30
40

Range (m)
8
31.8
70.7
122.5

Based on this data, the student then hypothesizes that the range, R, depends on the initial speed,

0 ,

according to the following to the following equation: R Cv0n , where C is a constant, and n is another
constant.
22. Based on this data, the best guess for the value of n is
(A)

1
2

(B) 1

(C) 2

(D) 3

23. The student speculates that he constant C depends on:

I.
The angle at which the ball was launch.
II.
The balls mass
III.
The balls diameter
If we neglect air resistance, then C actually depends on
(A) I only
(B) I and II
(C) I and III

(D) I, II and III.

24. The student performs another trial in which the ball is launched at speed 5.0 m/s. Its range is approximately
(A) 1.0 meters
(B) 2.0 meters
(C) 3.0 meters
(D) 4.0 meters

25. Let denote the angle of the balls initial velocity, as measured from the horizontal. Neglect air resistance.
At the peak (highest point) of its trajectory, the balls speed is
(B) 0 sin

(A) 0

(C) 0 cos

(D) 0

26. For trial 2, which of the following graphs best represents the vertical component of the balls velocity as a
function of time, assuming upward is positive?
+
vy
(A)

+
vy
time

(B)

+
vy
time

(C)

+
vy
time

(D)

time

THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

Aristotle developed a system of physics based on what he thought occurred in nature. For example, he
thought that if a stone is released from rest, it instantaneously reaches a speed that remains constant as the
stone falls. He also believed that the speed attained by a stone falling in air varies directly with the weight of
the stone. A 5pound stone, for example, falls with a constant speed 5 times as great as that of a 1-pound
stone. Aristotle also noted that stones dropped into water continue to fall, but at a slower rate than stones
falling through air. To account for this, he explained that the resistance of the medium through which an object
falls also affects the speed. Therefore, he said, the speed of a falling object also varies inversely with the
resistance of the medium, and this resistance is the same for all objects.
Galielo disagreed with Aristotles explanation. He generated the following arguments to refute. Aristotle.
Consider a stake partially driven into the ground and a heavy stone falling from various heights onto the stake.
If the stone falls from a height of 4 cubits, the stake will be driven into the ground, say, 4 finger breadths. But
if the stone falls from a height of 1 cubit, the stake will be driven in a much smaller amount. Certainly, Galileo
argued, if the stone is raised above the stake by only the thickness of a leaf, then the effect of the stones
falling on the stake will be altogether unnoticeable.
On the basis of a careful set of experiments, Galielo argued that the speed of an object released from rest
varies directly with the time of fall. Also, the distance the object falls varies directly with the square of the time
of fall if the effect of air resistance on the object is negligible. Thus, according to Galileo, objects actually fall
with constant acceleration, and if air resistance is negligible, all object exactly the same acceleration.
27. Which graph accurately represents Galileos theory of the relationship between speed and time for an object
falling from rest under conditions of negligible air resistance

Time

Time

(D)

Speed

(C)

Speed

(B)

Speed

Speed

(A)

Time

Time

28. A book dropped from a height of 1 meter falls to the floor in t seconds. To be consistent with Aristotles views,
from what height, in meters, should a book 3 times as heavy be dropped so that it will fall to the floor in the
same amount of time
(A) 1

(B) 1

(C) 1

(D) 3

29. Suppose a heavy object falls to the ground in t seconds when dropped from shoulder height. According to
Galileo, if air resistance were negligible, how many seconds would it take an object half as heavy to fall to the
ground from the same height
(A) 0.5 t
(B) 1.0 t
(C) 1.5 t
(D) 2.0 t
30. A piece of putty weighing 2 pounds is dropped down a shaft from the top of a tall building. 1 second later, a 3
pound piece of putty si dropped down the shaft. According to Aristotle, what happens to the 2 pieces of putty
if they fall for a relatively long time
(A) The separation between the 2 piece constantly increases until they strike the ground.
(B) The separation between the 2 pieces is constant until the strike the ground.
(C) The heavier piece catches up to the smaller piece. and the 2 pieces travel together with the speed of the
heavier piece.
(D) The heavier piece catches up to the smaller piece, and the 2 piece travel together with a speed faster
than the speed of either.
THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE
Abhishek and Sweta Bachhan are two friends Abhishek is Joint to IIT-Pawai and Sweta come to see off
him at Indore railway station. Non Abhishek drops ball 1 from 1 mt height, just when the train starts to move.
Abhishek observes that ball doesnt hit the floor point exactly below the dropped point, it gets deviated by 20
cm. For 50 seconds train accelerates and attains the maximum speed and starts moving with this velocity.

50 m

50 m
Initial

Final

Now Abhishek drops ball 2 at the same time (t = 50 sec.) Abhishek throw ball 3 such that it just reach Sweta.
31. Path of ball 1 seen by Sweta will be
(A) Parabolic
(B) Straight line

(C) Circle

(D) Cant predict

32. Path of ball 1 seen by Abhishek will be

(A) Parabolic
(B) Straight line

(C) Circle

(D) Cant predict

33. The acceleration of train is

(A) g/2
(B) g/4

(C) g/5

34. The path of ball 2 as seen by Sweta will be

(A) Parabolic
(B) Straight line

(C) Circle

(D) Cant predict

35. The path of ball 2 as seen by Abhishek will be

(A) Parabolic
(B) Straight line

(C) Circle

(D) Cant predict

36. The speed with which Abhishek throw ball 3 will be

(A) 30
(B) 20

(D) Cant predict

(C) 15

(D) None of these

THE NEXT QUESTIONS REFER TO THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

A circus wishes to develop a new clown act. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed setup. A clown will
be shot out of a cannon with velocity v0 at a trajectory that makes an angle

45

with the ground. At this

angle, the clown will travel a maximum horizontal distance. The cannon will accelerate the clown by applying
a constant force of 10,000 N over a very short time of 0.24 sec. The height above he ground at which the clown
begins his trajectory is 10 m.
A large hoop is to be suspended from the ceiling by a massless cable at just the right place so that the
clown will be able to dive through it when he reaches a maximum height above the ground. After passing
through the hoop he will then continue on his trajectory until arriving at the safety net.

42

vy (m/s)

28
21
80

45

60
kg

40
kg

kg

t(s)

2.1 2.8 4.2

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows a graph of the vertical component of the clowns velocity as a function of time between the
cannon and the hoop. Since the velocity depends on the mass of the particular clown performing the act, the
graph shows data for several different masses.
37. If the angle the cannon makes with the horizontal is increased from 45, the hoop will have to be:
(A) moved farther away from the cannon and lowered.
(B) moved farther away from the cannon and raised.
(C) moved closer to the cannon and lowered.
(D) moved closer to the cannon and raised.

Figure 1

38. If the clowns mass is 80 kg, what initial velocity v0 will he have as he leaves the cannon?
(A)

3m s

(B) 15 m

(C)

30 m s

(D)

300 m s

39. The slope of the line segments plotted in figure 2 is a constant. Which one of the following physical quantities
does this slope represent?
(A) g

(B) v0

(C) y y0

(D)

sin

40. From Figure 2, approximately how much time will it take for clown with a mass of 60 kg to reach the safety
net located 10 m below the height of the cannon?
(A) 4.3 s
(B) 6.4 s
(C) 5.9 s
(D) 7.2 s
41. If the mass of a clown doubles, his initial kinetic energy, mv02 2 , will:
(A) remain the same
(C) double

(B) be reduced to half

(D) four times

42. If a clown holds on to the hoop instead of passing through it, what is the expression for minimum length of the
cable so that he doesnt hit is head on the ceiling as he swings upward?

2v02
(A)
g

v02
(B)
g

v02
(C)
2g

v02
(D)
4g

Level # 2
M O TI O N I N O N E D I M E N SI O N
1.

Two intersecting straight lines moves out parallel to themselves with the speed v 1 and v 2. Calculate the
speed of the point of intersection of the lines if the angle between them is .

2.

A base ball player hits a pitched ball so that its velocity reverses direction and its speed changes from 30
m/s to 40 m/s. The bat moves at an average velocity of 30 m/s. and it is in contact with the ball for a
distance of 0.05 m.
(A) For how long are the bat and ball in contact ?
(B) What is the average acceleration of the ball while it is in contact with the bat ?

3.

A car starts from rest with an acceleration of 6 m/s2 which decreases to zero linearly with time, in 10 sec.,
after which car continues at a constant speed. Find the time required for the car to travel 400 m from the
start.

4.

The speed of a motor launch with respect to the water is v = 7 m/s, the speed of the stream u = 3 m/s. When
the launch began traveling upstream, a float was dropped from it. The launch travelled 4.2 km upstream, turned
about and caught up with the float. How long is it before the launch reaches the float again ? Assume that float
is moving with the speed of stream.

5.

The speed of a train increases at a constant rate from zero to v and then remains constant for an interval
and finally decreases to zero at a constant rate . If is the total distance described, prove that the total
time taken is t =
shortest time ?

v 1 1
. At what value of v is the time of travel the shortest ? What is the value of the
v 2

6.

A passenger is running at his maximum velocity of 8 m/s to catch a train. When he is a distance d from the
nearest entry to the train, the train starts from rest with constant acceleration a = 1 m/s2 away from the
passengers.
(A) If d = 30 m and he keeps running, will he be able to jump onto the train.
(B) Sketch the position function x(t) for the train, choosing x = 0 at t = 0. On the same graph sketch x (t)
for the passenger for various value of initial separation distance d, including d = 30 m and the critical
separation distance dc, such that he just catches the train,
(C) For the critical separation distance d0, what is the speed of the train when the passenger catches it ?
What is its average speed for the time interval from t = 0 until he catches it ? What is the value of dc.

7.

The acceleration of a particle is given by a = 4t 30, where a is in meters per second squared and t is in
seconds. Determine the velocity and displacement as functions of time. The initial displacement at t = 0 is
2
s0 = 5m, and the initial velocity is v 0 = 3 m/s.
a ,m/s
x

8.

The acceleration of a particle that moves in the positive

x-direction varies with its position as shown. If the velocity
of the particle is 0.8 m/s when x = 0, determine the velocity
v of the particle when x = 1.4 m.

0.4
0.2
0

9.

A particle starts from rest at x = 2 m and moves

along the x-axis with the velocity history shown.
Plot the corresponding acceleration and displacement
histories for the two seconds. Find the time t when
the particle crosses the origin.

0.4

0.8

1.2

v, m/s
3

0
0

2.0
0.5

1.0

1.5

-1

MOTION UNDER GRAVITY

10.

One student throws a ball vertically upward with an initial speed of 9.8 m/s. Another student standing. 5m
away starts running towards the ball on release and catches it at the same height. What was the students
acceleration ? (Assume a uniform acceleration).

11.

An aluminium ball with a mass of 4 kg and an iron ball of the same size with a mass of 11.6 kg are dropped
simultaneously from a height of 49 m.
(A) Neglecting air resistance, how long does it take the aluminium ball to gall to the ground.
(B) How much later does the heavier iron ball strike the ground ?

12.

Ball A is dropped from the top of a building at the same instant that ball B is thrown vertically upward from
the ground. When balls collide, they are moving in opposite directions and the speed of A is twice the speed
of B. At what fraction of the height of the building did the collision occur ?

13.

A ball is thrown vertically upward from the 12 m level in an elevator shaft with an initial velocity of 18 m/s. At
the same instant an open platform elevator passes the 5m level, moving upward with a constant velocity of
2 m/s. Determine (A) When and where the ball will hit the elevator, (B) the relative velocity of the ball with
respect to the elevator when the ball hits the elevator.

14.

An object is thrown upward with an initial velocity v 0. The drag on the object is assumed to be proportional
to the velocity. What time will it take the object to move upward and what maximal altitude will it reach ?

15.

A nut comes loose from a bolt on the bottom of an elevator as the elevator is moving up the shaft at 3 m/s.
The nut strikes the bottom of the shaft in 2 sec.
(A) How far from the bottom of the shaft was the elevator when the nut fell off.
(B) How far above the bottom was the nut 0.25 s after it fell off ?

16.

A helicopter is descending vertically downward with a uniform velocity. At a certain instant, a food packet is
dropped from it which takes 5 seconds to reach the ground. As this packet strikes the ground, another food
packet is dropped from it, which takes 4 seconds to reach the ground. Find the velocity with which the
helicopter is descending and its height, when second packet is dropped. Also find the distance travelled by
the helicopter during the interval of dropping the packets.

RELATIVE MOTION
17.

Two bodies moves in a straight line towards each other at initial velocities v 1 and v 2 and with constant
accelerations a1 and a2 directed against the corresponding velocities at the initial instant. What must be the
maximum initial separation max. between the bodies for which they meet during the motion ?

18.

The velocity of a ship in still water is 20 km/h. What is the velocity of a motor boat approaching the ship at
right angle to its course if it appears to people on board the ship, that the motor boat heads towards the ship
at 60 ?

19.

A man running on a horizontal road at 8 km/h, find the rain falling vertically. He increase the speed to 13 km/
h and find the drops make angle 30 with the vertical. Find the speed and the direction of the rain with
respect to the read.

20.

A person riding in the back of a pickup truck traveling at 60 km/h. On a straight, level road throws a ball with
a speed of 20 km/h relative to the truck in the direction opposite to its motion.
(A) What is the velocity of the ball relative to a stationary observer by the side of the read ?
(B) What is the velocity of the ball relative to the driver of a car moving in the same direction as the truck
at a speed of 90 km/h. ?

21.

The speed of a boat in still water is v. The boat is to make a round trip in a river whose current travels at
speed u. Derive a formula for a time needed to make a round trip of total distance D if the boat makes the
round trip by moving
(A) Upstream and back down stream.
(B) Directly across the river and back. We must assume u < v ; Why ?
O

22.

In the adjacent figure, a vertical cemented circular plane of

radius R having frictionless slots along the chords OA, OB,
OC, OD and DE is shown. OGC is the diameter of the circle.
Five Boys starts sliding down from rest along the slots OA,
OB, OC, OD and OE simultaneously. Find the time taken by
each boy to reach at the point A, B, C, D and E.

G
A

E
D

PROJECTILE MOTION
23.

A body is dropped from a stationary balloon at a height h above the ground. At the same time a bullet is fired
from a gun on the ground with a velocity u. If the angle of elevation of the balloon from the position of the gun
is , in which direction should the bullet be fired so that it strikes the body before reaching the ground. Also
find the minimum value of u required for this.

24.

Particles P and Q of mass 20 gms and 40 gms respectively are simultaneously projected from points A and
B on the ground. The initial velocities of P and Q makes 45 and 135 angles respectively with the horizontal
as shown in the figure. Each particle has in
initial speed of 49 m/s. The separation AB is 245 m.
Both particles travel in the same vertical plane and
under go a collision. After the collision P retraces its
135
path. Determine the position of Q when it hits the
45
ground. How much time after the collision does the
A
B
245 m
particle Q take to reach the ground. Take g = 9.8 m/s2.

25.

A boy throws a ball horizontally with a speed of

v 0 = 12 m/s from the gandhi setu bridge c of patna
in an effort to hit the top surface AB of a truck
travelling directly underneath the boy on the bridge.
If the truck maintains a constant speed u = 15 m/s,
and the ball is projected at the instant B on the top
of the truck appears at point C, determine the position s where the ball strikes the top of the truck.

v0=12 m/s

8m

s
u

A
C

10m

u
26.

Two inclined planes intersect in a horizontal plane. Their

inclinations to the horizontal being and . If a particle
is projected at right angle to the former from a point in it
so as to strike the other at right angles, then find the
velocity of projection.

27.

A cannon fires from under a shelter inclined at an angle

to the horizontal. The canon is located at a point at a
distance from the base of the shelter. The initial velocity of the shell is v 0 and its trajectory lies in the plane
of the figure. Determine the maximum range of the shell.

28.

A juggler manages to keep five balls in motion, throwing each sequentially up a distance of 3m. (a) Determine
the time interval between successive throws. (B) Give the positions of the other balls at the instant when
one reaches her hand. (Neglect the time taken to transfer balls from one hand to the other.)

29.

A ball is shot from the ground into the air. At a height of 9.1 m., its velocity is observed to be v 7.6 i 6.1j
in water per second ( i horizontal, j upward).
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

To what maximum height does the ball rise ?

What total horizontal distance does the ball travel ? What are
The magnitude and
The direction of the balls velocity just before it hits the ground ?

30.

A bomb bursts on contact with the ground and pieces fly off in all directions with speed up to 30 m/s. A girl
is standing 40 m away. What is the time duration over which she can be hit by a piece ?

31.

A boy sitting at the rear end of a railway compartment of a train running at a constant acceleration a on
horizontal rails fires a shot towards the fore end of the compartment with a muzzle velocity u = 20 m/s at an
angle = 37 above the horizontal when the trains velocity v = 10 m/s. If the boy catches the shot without
moving from his seat at the same height as that of projection find (a) Speed of the train at the time when he
catches the shot and (B) the acceleration of the train (g = 10 m/s2).
y

32.

A projectile of mass m is fired into a liquid at an angle 0 with

an initial velocity v 0 as shown. If the liquid develops a frictional
or drag resistance on the projectile which is proportional to its
velocity. i.e., F = kv, where k is a positive constant, determine
the x and y components of its velocity at any instant. Also, what
is the maximum distance x max. that it travels ?

33.

34.

35.

v0
0

An elevator is going up with an upward acceleration of 1 m/s2. At the instant when its velocity is 2 m/s, a stone
is projected upward from its floor with a speed of 2 m/s relative to the elevator, at an elevation of 30.
(A) Calculate the time taken by the stone to return the floor.
(B) Sketch the path of the projectile as observed by an observer outside the elevator.
(C) If the elevator was moving with a downward acceleration equal to g, how would the motion be altered ?

A particle is moving in the plane with velocity given by, u u0 i a cos t j , where i and j are unit vectors
along x and y axes respectively. If particle is at the origin at t = 0 ;
3
(A) Calculate the trajectory of the particle.
(B)
Find its distance from the origin at time
.
200

A man is travelling on a flat car which is moving up a plane inclined at cos1 (4/5) to the horizontal with a
speed 5 m/s. He throws a ball towards a stationary hoop located perpendicular to the inclined in such a way
that the ball moves parallel to the slope of the incline while going through the hoop. If the distance d of the
hoop from the level of the mans hand is such that its component perpendicular to the incline is 4 m,
calculate the time taken by the ball to reach the hoop.

36.

A rifleman on a train moving with a speed of 60 km/hr. fires at an object running away from the train at right
angles with a speed of 45 km/hr. If the line connecting the man and the object makes an angle of 30 to the
train at the instant of shooting to what angle to the train should be aim in order to hit the object if the muzzle
velocity is 850 km/hr. ?

37.

Water is ejected from the water nozzle with a speed v 0 = 14 m/s. For what value of the angle will the water
land closest to the wall after clearing the top ? Neglect the effects of wall thickness and air resistance.
Where does the water land ?

38.

A bullet is projected so as to graze the tops of two walls each of height 20 m located at distances of 30 and
170 m in the same line from the point of projection as shown in figure. Find the angle and the speed of
projection of the bullet.
V0

P1

P2
O

30 m

20 m

20 m
170 m

30

39.

Two guns are projected at each other, one upward

at an angle of 30 and the other at the same angle
of depression, the muzzles being 30 m apart as
shown in figure problem. If the guns are shot with
velocities of 350 m/s upward and 300 m/s downward respectively, find when and where the bullets
may meet.
A

30 m
P
y
30
x
Bomber

40.

A bomber is flying horizontally at a speed of 500 km/h

at an altitude of 3 km such that a ship lies in a vertical
plane through the line of sight as shown in figure.
Determine the angle of the line of sight of the bomber
with the ship at the instant a bomb is released so as
to hit the ship. Where would the bomber be at the
instant the ship is wrecked ?

Line of Flight

Trajectory

3 km
Line of Sight

ship

41.

Two guns are pointed at each other one upwards at an angle of elevation 30 and the other downwards at the
same angle of depression, the muzzles being 42 m apart. If the charges leave the guns with velocities 400
m/s and 300 m/s respectively, find when and where they meet.

42.

A particle is projected up an inclined plane of inclination with an initial velocity u at an angle to the
horizontal. Find the maximum distance of the projectile from the inclined plane.

43.

On a frictions horizontal surface, assumed to be the x-y plane, a small

trolley A is moving along a straight line parallel to the y-axis (see figure)
with a constant velocity of

3 1 m s . At a particular instant, when the

line OA makes an angle of 45 with the x-axis, a ball is thrown along the
surface from the origin O. Its velocity makes an angle with the x-axis
and it hits the trolley.
(a) The motion of the ball is observed from the frame of the trolley.
Calculate the angle made by the velocity vector of the ball

45
O

with the x-axis in this frame.

(B) Find the speed of the ball with respect to the surface, if

4
.
3

[IIT 2002]

44.

Two guns, situated on the top of a hill of height 10 m, fire one shot each with the same speed 5 3 ms1 at
some interval of time. One gun fires horizontally and other fires upwards at an angle of 60 with the horizontal.
The shots collide in air at a point P. Find
(a) the time-interval between the firings, and (b) the coordinates of the point P.
[IIT 1996]
Take origin of the coordinate system at the foot of the hill right below the muzzle and trajectories in x-y
plane.

45.

Two towers AB and CD are situated a distance d apart as shown

in figure AB is 20 m high and CD is 30 m high from the ground. An
object of mass m is thrown from the top of AB horizontally with a
velocity of

2m

10 m s towards CD.

Simultaneously another object of mass 2 m is thrown from the

top of CD at an angle of 60 to the horizontal towards AB with
the same magnitude of initial velocity as that of the first object.
The two objects move in the same vertical plane, collide in
mid-air and stick to each other.
(i) Calculate the distance d between the towers and,
(ii) Find the position where the objects hit the ground.

Answer Key
Assertion & Reason

Q.
A n s.
Q.
A n s.
Q.
A n s.
Q.
A n s.

1
A
10
C
19
C
28
AD

Que.

10

11

Ans.

2
A
11
B
20
B
29
ABC

3
A
12
C
21
A
30
ABC

L ev e l 1
4
5
A
C
13
14
B
C
22
23
B
B
31
ABD

6
D
15
B
24
A

7
B
16
C
25
B

8
AB
17
B
26
A

Fill in the Blanks / TrueFalse / Match Table

1. 2 r ,
5. T

2.

d v

6. T

3. 0.6
7. F

60

4. a 2 4b ,
8. F

tan 1 a
9. A

9
C
18
A
27
B

KINEMATICS

Passage Type
Que.
Ans.
Que.
Ans.
Que.
Ans.
Que.
Ans.

1
B
12
C
23
A
34
A

2
C
13
D
24
B
35
B

3
D
14
A
25
C
36
D

4
A
15
B
26
A
37
D

5
A
16
D
27
A
38
C

6
A
17
B
28
D
39
A

7
B
18
A
29
B
40
C

8
C
19
B
30
D
41
B

9
A
20
B
31
B
42
D

10
D
21
C
32
B

11
A
22
C
33
C

Level # 2
M O TI O N I N O N E D I M E N SI O N
1. V v 12 v 22 2 v 1v 0 cos . cos ec

4.

( )
2

2
5. t min. =
( v u)
15 t 2 + 2/3 t 3

8. V = 1.166 m/s

2. (a) 0.001667 s (b) 42000 m/s2

3. 16.678

6. (a) yes (b) 8 m/s, 4 m/s 32 m

7. v = 3 30t + 2t 2, S = 5 + 3t

9. t = 0.917 s

MOTION UNDER GRAVITY

10. 2.5 m/s2

11. 3.2 s, O

1 r v0
14. t m = r n 1 g

v2
, h = 0
2g

12. 2/3

13. (a) 3.65 s, 12.30 m (b) 19.81 m/s

15. (a) 13.6 m (b) 14 m

16. 11.04 m/s downward at 177.8 k height, 55.2 m downward.

RELATIVE MOTION
17. max

( v 1 v 2 )2
2 (a1 a 2 )

20. (a) 40 km/h (b) 50 km/h

22. t = 2

18. 34.6 km/h

21. (a)

DV
(b)
v u2
2

19. 4 7 km/h

D
2

v u2

R
g , every boy will take same time

PROJECTILE MOTION
23. , v min. =

gh
.cosec
2

2 ag

26. u sin

sin

sin

cos(

24. 122.5 m, 3.53 sec.

25. 3.84 m

v 02
1 g sin 2
27. g sin 2 sin
v0

28. (a) 310 m/s (b) 1.9 m and 2.9 m above the hands
29. (a) 11m (b) 23 m (c) 17 m/s (d) 63 below horizontal.

30. 4.6 sec

m k
k / m
t g , x = mv 0 cos 0
32. v x = v 0 cos . e( km) t, v y = k m v 0 sin g e

k
m

x
34. (a) y = a sin u (b)
0

9 2 u02 a 2
4 2

37. = 50.7, 0.835 to the right of B

31. 42 m/s
33. (a) 0.18 sec

35. 1 sec.

36. 34.5'

38. 48 m/s

39. 0.0462 s, (14 m, 8.07 m)

40. 48.9, over the ship.

41. In 0.068 s, at a point whose horizontal of vertical dist. from the 1st gun are 20.78 and 11.98 m

42. s

u 2 sin 2 ( )
2g cos

43. (a) 45

(b) 2 m/s.

44. (a) t 1 sec ond

45. 17.32, 11.547 m from B

XXXX

(b) 5 3 m, 5m