ST2221C

Version
: A.004
Issue Date : 2002/06/14
File Name : SP-ST2221C-A.004.doc
Total Pages : 17

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

9 7 1

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

9-7F-1, Prosperity Road I, Science Based Industrial Park,
Hsin-Chu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C.
Tel886-3-5645656
Fax886-3-5645626


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

ST2221C
16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

General Description
The ST2221C is specifically designed for LED and LED DISPLAY constant current drivers.
The value of constant current can be varied using an external resistor (Iout = 5 ~90mA). The
devices include a 16-bit shift registers, latches, and constant current drivers on a single Silicon
CMOS chip.

Features
z
z
z
z
z

Constant Current Output :

Current with one resistor for 5mA to 90mA
Maximum Clock Frequency : 25MHz (Cascade Operation)
5V CMOS Compatible Input
Package :
DIP24 , SOP24, SSOP24
Constant Current Matching: (Ta = 25CVDD = 5.0V)
Bit-to-Bit: 6.0%Chip-to-Chip : 10.0%
@ IOUT = 5 ~ 90mA

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Pin Connection (Top view)

GND
SERIAL-IN

1
2

24

VDD

23

R-EXT

CLOCK
LATCH
OUT0

3
4

22
21

SERIAL-OUT

OUT1

OUT2
OUT3

7
8

20
19
18

OUT4

OUT5
OUT6

10
11
12

OUT7

ENABLE
OUT15
OUT14
OUT13

17
16

OUT12
OUT11

15
14

OUT10

13

OUT8

OUT9

Block Diagram

R-EXT

OUT15

OUT1

OUT0
I-REG.

ENABLE
Q

ST D

ST D

ST D

LATCH
SERIAL-IN

D
CK

CK

D
CK

SERIAL-OUT

CK

CLOCK

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Timing Diagram
1

15

16
5V

CLOCK

0V
5V

SERIAL-IN

0V
5V

LATCH

0V
5V

ENABLE

0V
On
Off

OUT0

On

OUT1

Off
On

OUT2

Off

OUT15

On
Off

SERIAL-OUT

5V
0V

(Note) Latches are level sensitive (not edge triggered).

LATCH-terminal = H level, latches become transparent; LATCH-terminal = L level, latches hold data.
ENABLE-terminal = H level, all outputs (OUT0~15) are off.
An external resistor is connected between R-EXT and GND for setting up the value of constant current.
SERIAL-OUT changes state on the falling edges of clock.

Pin Description
PIN No.
1
2
3
4
5~20
21
22
23
24

PIN NAME
GND
SERIAL-IN
CLOCK
LATCH
OUT0~15
ENABLE
SERIAL-OUT
R-EXT
VDD

FUNCTION
Ground terminal
Input terminal of a data shift register
Input terminal of a clock for shift register
Input terminal of data strobe
Output terminals
Input terminal of output enable (active low)
Output terminal of a data shift register
Input terminal of an external resistor
5V Supply voltage terminal

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Equivalent Circuit of Inputs and Outputs

1. ENABLE terminal
VDD

2. LATCH terminal
VDD

RIN(up)

ENABLE

LATCH
RIN(DOWN)

GND

3. CLOCK, SERIAL-IN terminal

VDD

CLOCK,

GND

4. SERIAL-OUT terminal
VDD

15th LATCH DATA

SERIAL-OUT

SERIAL-IN

GND

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

GND

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C, Tj(max) = 140C)

CHARACTERISTIC

SYMBOL

RATING

UNIT

VDD
VIN
IOUT
VOUT
fCLK
IGND

0 ~ 7.0
-0.4 ~ VDD+0.4
90
-0.5 ~ 9.5
25
1440
2.87 (DIP-24 : Ta=25C)
1.45 (SOP-24 : Ta=25C)
1.27 (SSOP-24 : Ta=25C)
40.0 (DIP-24)
79.2 (SOP-24)
90.2 (SSOP-24)
-55 ~ 150

V
V
mA
V
MHz
mA

Supply Voltage
Input Voltage
Output Current
Output Voltage
Clock Frequency
GND Terminal Current
Power Dissipation

PD

Thermal Resistance

Rth(j-a)

Storage Temperature

Tstg

C/W
C

Recommended Operating Condition

CHARACTERISTIC
Supply Voltage
Output Voltage
Operating temperature
Output Current

Input Voltage
LATCH Pulse Width
CLOCK Pulse Width
Set-up Time for DATA
Hold Time for DATA
Set-up Time for LATCH
Clock Frequency
Power Dissipation

SYMBOL
VDD
VOUT
TOPR
IO
IOH
IOL
VIH
VIL
tw LAT
tw CLK
tsetup(D)
thold(D)
tsetup(L)
fCLK
PD

CONDITION

OUTn
SERIAL-OUT
SERIAL-OUT

MIN.
4.5

TYP.
5.0

-40
5

0.7VDD
-0.3

VDD = 4.5 ~ 5.5 V

15
15
20
20
15

Cascade operation
Ta = 85C (DIP-24)
Ta = 85C (SOP-24)
Ta = 85C (SSOP-24)

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

- 5 -

MAX.
5.5
9
85
85
1.0
-1.0
VDD+0.3
0.3VDD

25

UNIT
V
V

mA

V
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
MHz

1.37

0.69
0.61

VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Electrical Characteristics (VDD = 5.0 V, Ta = 25C unless otherwise noted)

CHARACTERISTIC

SYMBOL

CONDITION

MIN.

TYP.

MAX.

Input Voltage H Level

VIH

0.7VDD

VDD

Input Voltage L Level

VIL

GND

0.3VDD

Output Leakage Current

IOH

VOH = 9.5 V

1.0

VOL

IOL = 1.0 mA

0.4

VOH

IOH = -1.0 mA

4.6

VOUT = 0.70.25V

Output Voltage ( S - OUT)

IOL1

REXT = 910

Output Current (Bit-Bit)

VOUT = 0.70.25V

IOL2

REXT = 360

UNIT
V
uA
V

IOL3

VOUT = 0.7V REXT = 910

10

IOL4

VOUT = 0.7V REXT = 360

10

Supply Voltage Regulation

% / VDD REXT = 470, Ta = -40 ~ 85C

1.5

5.0

%/V

Pull-Up Resistor

RIN(up)

150

300

600

RIN(down)

Output Current (Chip-Chip)

Pull-Down Resistor
Supply Current OFF

Supply Current ON

100

200

400

IDD(off)1 REXT = OPEN, OUT0~7 = off

0.3

0.6

IDD(0ff)2 REXT = 470, OUT0~7 = off

3.9

5.5

7.7

IDD(off)3 REXT = 250, OUT0~7 = off

7.2

10.1

14.1

IDD(on)1 REXT = 470, OUT0~7 = on

3.9

5.5

7.7

IDD(on)2 REXT = 250, OUT0~7 = on

7.2

10.1

14.1

mA

Switching Characteristics (Ta = 25 C unless otherwise noted)

CHARACTERISTIC

SYMBOL

SIN-OUTn
Propagation LATCH-OUTn
Delay Time
(L to H) ENABLE-OUTn
CLK-SOUT
SIN-OUTn
Propagation LATCH-OUTn
Delay Time
(H to L) ENABLE-OUTn
CLK-SOUT
Output Current Rise Time
Output Current Fall Time

tpLH

CONDITION
VDD=5.0V
VIH=VDD
VIL=GND
REXT=4701
VL=3.0V
RL=65
CL=13pF

tpHL
tor
tof

MIN.

TYP.

MAX.

450

550

UNIT

450

550

450

550

15

20

20

40

20

40

20

40

15

20

450

550

ns

20

40

ns

ns

ns

Delay time tpLH and Rise Time tor will both increase as the Rext value increased.

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Test Circuit
DC characteristic

IDD

VDD

OUT0

ENABLE

IOL

CLOCK

IIL ,IIH

LATCH
VIL ,VIH

OUT15

SERIAL-IN
R-EXT GND

SERIAL-OUT

I ref

AC characteristic

RL

VDD

VIL ,VIH

OUT0

ENABLE
CL
SW-

CLOCK

MATRIX

LATCH

RL
OUT15

SERIAL-IN
R-EXT GND

SERIAL-OUT

CL

CL

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

- 7 -

VL

VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Timing Diagram
1. CLOCK-SERIAL-IN, SERIAL-OUT, OUTn
tr

tf
twCLK

CLOCK

SERIAL-IN

90%
50%
10%

tsetup

90%
50%
10%

twCLK
50%

50%

thold

50%

50%

tof

tor
90%
50%
10%

OUTn (current)

90%
50%
10%

tpLH

tpHL
50%

50%

SERIAL-OUT
tpHL

tpLH

2. CLOCK-LATCH
50%

CLOCK

SERIAL-IN

L level = DATA HOLD

thold(L)
LATCH

50%

50%

tsetup(L)

3. ENABLE-OUTn

ENABLE
50%

50%

tpHL

tpLH

50%

50%

OUTn

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Iout-Duty Cycle (DIP)

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)
Vo=0.95(V)

Iout (mA/bit)

Iout (mA/bit)

Iout-Duty Cycle (DIP)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=25C

20

40

60

80

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)
Vo=0.95(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=60C

100

20

40

Iout (mA/bit)

Iout (mA/bit)

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)
Vo=0.95(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=85C

20

40

60

80

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

100

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)
Vo=0.95(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=25C

20

Duty Cycle (%)

Iout (mA/bit)

Iout (mA/bit)

Vo=0.95(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=60C

20

40

60

60

80

100

Iout - Duty Cycle (SOP)

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)

40

Duty Cycle (%)

Iout-Duty Cycle (SOP)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

100

Iout-Duty Cycle (SOP)

Iout - Duty Cycle (DIP)

80

Duty Cycle (%)

Duty Cycle (%)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

60

80

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

100

Vo=0.95(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=85C

Duty Cycle (%)

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)

20

40

60

80

100

Duty Cycle (%)

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Iout - Duty Cycle (SSOP)

Vo=0.45(V)
Vo=0.70(V)

Vo=0.95(V)

Iout (mA/bit)

Iout (mA/bit)

Iout-Duty Cycle (SSOP)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=25C

20

40

60

80

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

100

Vo=0.45(V)

Vo=0.7(V)

Vo=0.95(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=60C

Duty Cycle (%)

60

80

100

Iout-Rext
100
Iout={ Vref(V)/Rext(ohm) }*13.79

90
Vo=0.45(V)

80
70

Vo=0.7(V)

Vo=0.7(V)

Iout (mA)

Iout (mA/bit)

40

Duty Cycle (%)

Iout - Duty Cycle (SSOP)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

20

Vo=0.95(V)

60
50
40
30
20

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Ta=85C

10
0

20

40

60

80

100

100

Duty Cycle (%)

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

1000

10000

Rext ()

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

3.2
2.8
2.4
2
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0

Imax - Ta (DIP)

DIP

Iout max (mA/bit)

Power dissipation Pd (W)

Ta - Pd

SOP

SSOP

50

100

150

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Vo=0.7(V)
Vo=1.0(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Rext=470ohm

Ambient Temperature Ta

50

100

150

Ambient Temperature Ta

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Imax - Ta (SOP)

Vo=0.7(V)

Iout max (mA/bit)

Iout max (mA/bit)

Imax - Ta (SOP)

Vo=1.0(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Rext=470ohm

50

100

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

150

Vo=0.7(V)

Vo=1.0(V)

Vdd=5V
Tj=140C (Max)
16bit Active
Rext=470ohm

Ambient Temperature Ta

50

100

150

Ambient Temperature Ta

Note
As the power dissipation of a semiconductor chip is limited its package and ambient
temperature, this device requires a maximum output current be calculated for a given operating
condition. The maximum allowable power consumption (Pd (max)) of this device is
calculated as follows:
(Tj (junction temperature) (max) - Ta (ambient temperature) )(C )
Pd (max)(Watt ) =
Rth (C / Watt )
Based on the Pd (max), the maximum allowable current can be calculated as follows:
Iout = ( Pd VDDIDD) / ( # outputsVoDuty )

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

System Configuration Example

[1] Output current (IOUT)
Sink current is set by the external resistor as shown in the figure (Iout vs. Rext).
[2] LED supply voltage (VLED) setup
VLED = VCE ( Tr Vsat ) + Vf ( LED forward voltage ) + VO ( IC supply voltage)
To prevent too much power dissipated by the device due to higher VLED , an additional R
can be used to reduce the Vout when the outputs consume current:

R=

VLED VCE V f VO (min)

I O (max) * Bit (max)
VLED = 3~4 (V)

Vf

SCAN
OUT0
ENABLE

VCE

Vo

CLOCK
LATCH
SERIAL-IN
R-EXT GND

OUT15

SERIAL-OUT

CPU

OUT0
ENABLE
CLOCK
LATCH
SERIAL-IN
R-EXT GND

OUT15
SERIAL-OUT

Note
This device has only one ground pin shared by signal, output sink current, and power ground. It is
advisable to pattern the ground layout with minimized inductance such that the switching noise induced
by the input signals and the output sink current would not cause chip malfunction. To prevent the
drivers outputs from damage by overshoot stress, it is also advisable not to turn off the drivers and
scan transistors simultaneously.

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Package Outline
P-DIP 24

UNITINCH

1.250 0.03

0.355 0.02

0.300

0.258 0.005

=7 ~15

0.130 0.05
0.130 0.02

SEATING PLANE
0.210
0.100typ
0.018typ

0.060typ

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Package Outline
SOP24

0.020*45

0.406 0.013

0.295 0.004

UNITINCH

0.016typ

0.050typ

0.600 0.014

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

- 14 -

0.010

0.099 0.006

0.012max

0.004max

0.0350.015

=0~8

VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

Package Outline
SSOP24

0.020*45

0.236 0.008

0.154 0.004

UNITINCH

0.012typ

0.025typ

0.341 0.004

0.004max

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

0.01max
- 15 -

0.010

0.064 0.011

0.0250.025

=0~8

VersionA.004


ST2221C

SILICON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY INC.

The products listed herein are designed for ordinary electronic applications, such as
electrical appliances, audio-visual equipment, communications devices and so on. Hence,
it is advisable that the devices should not be used in medical instruments, surgical
implants, aerospace machinery, nuclear power control systems, disaster/crime-prevention
equipment and the like. Misusing those products may directly or indirectly endanger
human life, or cause injury and property loss.
Silicon Touch Technology, Inc. will not take any responsibilities regarding the misusage
of the products mentioned above. Anyone who purchases any products described herein
with the above-mentioned intention or with such misused applications should accept full
responsibility and indemnify. Silicon Touch Technology, Inc. and its distributors and all
their officers and employees shall defend jointly and severally against any and all claims
and litigation and all damages, cost and expenses associated with such intention and
manipulation.

16-Bit Constant Current LED Drivers

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VersionA.004