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    What Is An Earthquake

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    Droffilc Nav Cm Muliham
    An earthquake is caused by the sudden breaking and movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. Most earthquakes occur along fault lines. When designing structures to withstand earthquakes, considerations include using symmetrical and rigid designs, avoiding brittle materials, and following current seismic codes. Important seismic codes reference standards for concrete, steel, masonry, and wood construction. The goals of seismic codes are to mitigate earthquake damage and identify hazards. While earthquakes cannot be prevented, their effects can be reduced through preparedness. Critical facilities like hospitals, police stations, and fire stations must be designed to remain operational after an earthquake.

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    What Is An Earthquake

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    Droffilc Nav Cm Muliham
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    An earthquake is caused by the sudden breaking and movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. Most earthquakes occur along fault lines. When designing structures to withstand earthquakes, considerations include using symmetrical and rigid designs, avoiding brittle materials, and following current seismic codes. Important seismic codes reference standards for concrete, steel, masonry, and wood construction. The goals of seismic codes are to mitigate earthquake damage and identify hazards. While earthquakes cannot be prevented, their effects can be reduced through preparedness. Critical facilities like hospitals, police stations, and fire stations must be designed to remain operational after an earthquake.

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    What is an Earthquake

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    An earthquake is caused by the sudden breaking and movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. Most earthquakes occur along fault lines. When designing structures to withstand earthquakes, considerations include using symmetrical and rigid designs, avoiding brittle materials, and following current seismic codes. Important seismic codes reference standards for concrete, steel, masonry, and wood construction. The goals of seismic codes are to mitigate earthquake damage and identify hazards. While earthquakes cannot be prevented, their effects can be reduced through preparedness. Critical facilities like hospitals, police stations, and fire stations must be designed to remain operational after an earthquake.

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    38 views3 pages

    What Is An Earthquake

    Uploaded by

    Droffilc Nav Cm Muliham
    An earthquake is caused by the sudden breaking and movement of tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. Most earthquakes occur along fault lines. When designing structures to withstand earthquakes, considerations include using symmetrical and rigid designs, avoiding brittle materials, and following current seismic codes. Important seismic codes reference standards for concrete, steel, masonry, and wood construction. The goals of seismic codes are to mitigate earthquake damage and identify hazards. While earthquakes cannot be prevented, their effects can be reduced through preparedness. Critical facilities like hospitals, police stations, and fire stations must be designed to remain operational after an earthquake.

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    Name: Mc Van Clifford A.

    Mahilum
    Subject: CE534A
    Prof. Engr. Rey Albert Cabotaje
    What is an earthquake?
    Earthquakes occur almost continuously around the world. Fortunately, most are so small that
    they cannot be felt.
    Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering (Steven L. Kramer)
    Earthquake can create seismic waves arise from sudden movements in a rupture zone (active
    fault) in the earth's crust. Waves of different types and velocities travel different paths before
    reaching a buildings site and subjecting the local ground to various motions.
    Seismic Conceptual Design of Buildings Basic principles for engineers, architects, building
    owners, and authorities (Hugo Bachmann)
    Earthquakes are the vibrations caused by rocks breaking under stress. The underground
    surface along which the rock breaks and moves is called a fault plane.
    (http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/hazards/earthquake/basics/what)
    An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and movement of
    large lsections (tectonic plates) of the earth's rocky outermost crust. The edges of the tectonic
    plates are marked by faults (or fractures). Most earthquakes occur along the fault lines when the
    plates slide past each other or collide against each other.
    (http://www.vtaide.com/png/George/earthquake.htm)

    What are the considerations on seismic design?


    These are the few considerations on seismic design
    Foundation: through foundation surveys are a necessity, especially in loose sands, silts and
    clays, possibility of floods or tsunami should be considered.
    Symmetry: to minimize torsional effects simple foundation and floor plans are desirable and
    these should be symmetrical about the vertical load bearing members.
    Relative rigidity: accidental stiffening of isolated columns has caused many failures and should
    be avoided.
    Brittle failure: types of construction which have a brittle mode of failure are dangerous in
    earthquakes.
    Factor of safety: roughly similar factors of safety should be achieve for all structural members,
    and this respect care is necessary in working stress design.
    Code revisions and final design check: good design implies working to current codes and
    imposing checking systems to correct basic errors such as those mentioned above.

    Name at least 3 codes for seismic design.


    -ACI 31808 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI, 2008)
    -ANSI/AISC 34105 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel buildings
    -ANSI/AISC 35805 Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel moment
    Frames For Seismic Applications
    -ANSI/AISC 36005 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
    -ANSI/AISC 30305 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
    -TMS 40208/ACI 53008/ASCE508 Building Code Requirements and Specifications for
    Masonry Structures
    -ANSI/AF&PA NDS 2005 National Design Specification for Wood Construction
    -ANSI/AF&PA SDPWS 2005 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (Wood)
    SEISMIC ENGINEERING GUIDELINES by Stanford University

    What are the goals of seismic codes?


    The goals of seismic codes is to

    Can we prevent earthquake? We cannot prevent natural earthquakes from occurring but we
    can significantly mitigate their effects by identifying hazards, building safer structures, and
    providing education on earthquake safety. By preparing for natural earthquakes we can also
    reduce the risk from human induced earthquakes.

    Enumerate the facilities that must remain operational after earthquake.


    Certain facilities that must remain operational after earthquake are Hospitals, Police, and Fire
    stations. Those facilities cannot be shut down under these circumstances. Accordingly, law
    requires that these facilities be designed to remain operational after an earthquake.
    Seismic Design of building structure tenth edition by Michael R. Lindeburg, PE with Kurt M.
    McMullin, PhD, PE

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