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Lighting For Poultry Housing PDF

Lighting levels and duration are important factors for poultry production. Intensity affects behaviors and consumption, while photoperiod influences reproductive cycles. Typical light intensities range from 10-20 lux for broilers/layers to 80,000 lux outdoors. Photoperiod manipulation stimulates egg production. Common lighting programs provide intensities of 5-20 lux for specified durations according to poultry type and age. Fixture spacing depends on intensity level, ceiling height, and surface reflectance.

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318 views3 pages

Lighting For Poultry Housing PDF

Lighting levels and duration are important factors for poultry production. Intensity affects behaviors and consumption, while photoperiod influences reproductive cycles. Typical light intensities range from 10-20 lux for broilers/layers to 80,000 lux outdoors. Photoperiod manipulation stimulates egg production. Common lighting programs provide intensities of 5-20 lux for specified durations according to poultry type and age. Fixture spacing depends on intensity level, ceiling height, and surface reflectance.

Uploaded by

Zaynder Buble
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© © All Rights Reserved
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5602

2001:04



LIGHTING FOR POULTRY HOUSING

Author: W.Winchell, Agricultural Engineer

Light levels (intensity or illuminance) and the duration of


light (photo period) are important factors in poultry
production. Intensity has an effect on cannibalism and
aggression, along with feed and water intake, while photo
period influences reproductive and egg production cycles,
total feed intake, and growth rate.
Light intensity at the working plane (bird level, egg
collection table, work-bench level, etc.,) is measured in
lux or foot-candles (10 lux equals about one foot-candle).
Typical light levels found in broiler and layer operations
are about 10 to 20 lux (1 to 2 foot-candles), while a bright
sunny day in mid-summer is about 80,000 lux
(8,000 foot-candles). Typical light levels on the surface of
an office desk might be 400 to 500 lux
(40 to 50 foot-candles).

Variation of the photo period is used to stimulate egg


production in pullet flocks for both breeding and
commercial layers. In broilers (chickens and turkeys),
several different lighting programs are being studied to
help improve skeletal development through feed intake.
All lighting programs that use more hours of darkness
than the hours of darkness during natural day length
require light traps on fans and air inlets (see CPS leaflet
Light Restricting Fan Houses and Inlets).
The following tables provide some of the most common
lighting programs for different types of poultry operations.

Table 1 Lighting Programs for Commercial Layers


Lighting
Options
Option 1

Option 2

Flock Age

PLAN SERVICE

Photo Period
(hours of light per day)

Pullets
Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing

(4 days - 19 weeks)

5 (0.5)

Laying

(20 - 72 weeks)

10 - 30 (1 - 3)

9 to 11
Increase by hour per week
to maximum of 16 - 17 hours.

Pullets
Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing:

(4 days - 2 weeks)

5 (0.5)

23

(2 - 3 weeks)

5 (0.5)

21

(3 - 4 weeks)

5 (0.5)

19

(4 - 5 weeks)

5 (0.5)

17

(5 - 6 weeks)

5 (0.5)

15

(6 - 7 weeks)

5 (0.5)

13

(8 - 9 weeks)

5 (0.5)

11

(9 - 20 weeks)

5 (0.5)

(20 - 72 weeks)

10 - 30 (1 - 3)

11
Increase by hour per week
to maximum of 16 - 17 hours.

Laying

CANADA

Light Intensity
lux (foot-candles)

The Canada Plan Service prepares leaflets showing how to construct modern farm buildings, livestock housing
systems, storage and equipment for Canadian agriculture. Permission is given to copy this leaflet. You may contact
the Canada Plan Service through your provincial agriculture department or on the internet at www.cps.gov.on.ca.

Table 2 Lighting Programs for Breeders (broiler and commercial layers)


Lighting
Options
Option 1

Flock Age

Light Intensity
lux (foot-candles)

Photo Period
(hours of light per day)

Pullets
Brooding

(1 - 4 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing:

(4 days - 3 weeks)

5 (0.5)

15

(3 -19 weeks)

5 (0.5)
50 - 60 (5 - 6)

11
Increase by hour per week
to maximum of 17 hours.

Light Intensity
lux (foot-candles)

Photo Period
(hours of light per day)

Laying

(20 - 60 weeks)

Table 3 Lighting Programs for Broilers/Roasters


Lighting
Options
Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

Flock Age
Brooding

(1 - 2 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing

(2 days - market)

5 (0.5)

23

Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing:

(3 - 10 days)

5 (0.5)

(10 - 15 days)

5 (0.5)

12

(15 - 21 days)

5 (0.5)

16

(21 - 35 days)

5 (0.5)

18

(35 - 42 days)

5 (0.5)

23

Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing

(3 days to market)

5 (0.5)

16

Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

20 (2)

23

Growing:

(3 - 10 days)

20 (2)

18

(10 - 15 days)

5 (0.5)

(15 - 21 days)

5 (0.5)

12

(21 - 28 days)

5 (0.5)

16

(28 - 42 days)

5 (0.5)

18

Light Intensity
lux (foot-candles)

Photo Period
(hours of light per day)

50 (5)

23

5 - 10 (0.5 - 1)

23

50 (5)

23

Table 4 Lighting Programs for Turkeys


Lighting
Options
Option 1

Option 2

Flock Age
Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

Growing

(3 days - market)

Brooding

(1 - 3 days)

Growing:

(3 days - 8 weeks)

5 - 10 (0.5 - 1)

2.5 L : 3.5 D

(8 - 12 weeks)

5 - 10 (0.5 - 1))

2.5 L : 2.5 D

Table 5 Lighting Programs for Other Functions


Other Functions

Light Intensity
lux (foot-candles)

Feed Storage/Processing

100 - 200 (10 - 20)

Barn Inspection/Cleaning

50 (5)

Egg Handling

Table 7 Light Sources and Their Efficiencies


Lamp Type

500 (50)

Egg Processing

700 - 1000 (70 - 100)

Office (desk surface)

10 - 20

Mercury Vapour

20 - 60

500 (50)

Fluorescent

40 - 100

1000 (100)

Metal Halide

50 - 110

High Pressure Sodium

50 - 140

Shop (rough bench work)

Light intensity is affected by many variables: lamp type


(i.e., incandescent versus fluorescent, versus high
pressure sodium, versus metal halide, versus low
pressure sodium, etc.); reflectance of the floor, walls,
ceiling; height of the lamp fixture above the working
plane; dirty conditions, and maintenance schedule.
Table 6 gives some typical spacings of incandescent and
fluorescent light fixtures for a typical set of poultry barn
conditions.

Table 6 Fixture Spacings

Lighting
Level

Efficiency
Lumens per Watt

Incandescent

400 - 500 (40 - 50)

Shop (detailed bench work)

Total light source output is measured in lumens


(lumens per area is equal to foot-candles or lux). The
efficiency of a light source is measured in lumens per
watt. Table 7 gives a comparison of light sources and
their efficiencies.

Recommended
Fixture Spacing (ft.)
(in row and between row)
Incandescent
100
150
W
W

Fluorescent
2 - 40 watt,
48" fixtures

50 lux (5 ft-candles)(1)

9'

12'

16'

100 lux (10 ft-candles)(2)

8'

10'

14'

500 lux (50 ft-candles)(2)

4'

5'

7'

750 lux (75 ft-candles)(3)

4'

5'

7'

1000 lux(100 ft-candles)(3)

3'

4'

6'

Note: (1) Based on rooms with 10' heights to work plane with relatively
dirty, dull walls, ceiling and floors.
(2) Based on rooms with 7' heights to work plane with relatively
bright walls, ceiling and floors.
(3) Based on small areas with 4' height to work plane with bright
reflective shrouds, and relatively bright walls and work
surfaces. For specific tasks such as detailed work bench,
egg processing.

Incandescent or fluorescent fixtures are the most


common in poultry facilities. The other types are
classified as high-intensity discharge, and although they
are more efficient, they are better suited for ceiling heights
over 12 feet, and in some cases have poor colour
rendition.
Lights in all poultry production facilities should be
dimmable in order to achieve the desired light intensity.
This is usually accomplished by a manual or
computerized rheostat. Another option might be to have
several separate lighting circuits that can be turned on or
off to achieve different light levels. The light circuitry must
also be on a timer to regulate photo period.

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