02 Simulation of 5G Antenna Design CST

Advanced Wireless Technologies
by ROHDE&SCHWARZ
Simulation of 5G /
MIMO Antennas Design
Zeev Iluz
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com
Agenda
1. 5G Motivation and Challenges
2. Antenna Array Simulation, MIMO post-processing
3. Mobile Device Antenna Array Example
4. Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator
5G Motivation and Challenges

Consumer device bandwidth requirements increasing at
rapid rates
Historical (4, 3G) bands below 3 GHz increasingly
crowded
Push for 28+ GHz frequency for 5G
subject to relatively high atmospheric attenuation
- smaller wavelength more susceptible to multipath loss
5G Motivation and Challenges

Efficiency is critical, Gain of 12 dBi for mobile device and 25 dBi targeted
Gain cannot come at the expense of coverage beam steered arrays ideal solution
Diversity Gain can also be leveraged - MIMO
High frequency and array topology pose simulation challenges (memory, system
complexity)
Antenna Arrays Categories

Large Arrays
Small Arrays
Small Arrays
All elements need to be simulated.
Array Postprocessing
Use Combine Results and Correlation Coefficient result
templates to achieve a desired beam shape.
Purely postprocessing, no further 3D simulations
needed!
How can I achieve
a pattern like this?
All amplitudes = 1
Amplitudes = ????
Array Postprocessing
Template Based
Postprocessing as a
Simulation type
Initial beam shape
Parameters for
amplitude weights
Desired beam shape
Achieved beam shape
Large Arrays
Can be approximated as an
infinite array which
requires the simulation of
only a single element.
To include edge effects
and other physical
realities, the entire array
needs to be modeled.
CST ARRAY WIZARD
CST Array Wizard Sim Proj
Spacing X, Y = 100
Angle 60
Drag&Drop your Unit Array Element
Set Elements Active/Passive/Empty
Finite Array Sim. Proj.
MIMO Antennas
Communication Networks
Communication antennas need to cope with a complex environment
All base-station antennas are
placed near the horizontal plane
Mean Effective Gain (MEG)
Tilted reflecting planes change

signal polarization
Cross Polarization Rate (XPR)
MIMO Antenna Systems for Advanced Communication

Webinar
https://www.cst.com/Applications/Article/MIMO-Antenna-Advanced-Communication
Multi-path signal transmission

may lead to destructive signal
overlay, resulting in local deep
dips (called Rayleigh-Fading)
Diversity/MIMO
Diversity / MIMO Antennas

Simple Maximal Signal Diversity Gain
Multi-path signal transmission may

lead to destructive signal overlay
resulting in local deep dips
(called Rayleigh-Fading)
Antenna 1
Multiple antennas (antenna diversity)

may overcome this problem
Antenna 2
best of (diversity gain)
Diversity / MIMO Antennas

Select from:
Diversity Gain
Envelope Correlation Coefficient
Multiplexing Efficiency
Mean Effective Gain
Load farfield of second antenna
Envelope Correlation from Farfield:
Envelope Corr. from S-Parameters:
Mobile Antenna Array

Element -> Array Design
Device level performance
System level performance
Antenna Magus
Mobile Antenna Element Design
Magus Antenna Synthesis generates initial square

patch design for 28 GHz operating frequency
Mobile Antenna Element Performance

Magus also provides
performance estimation for
initial design qualification
Initial design is clearly
approximate Microwave
Studio can be used to optimize
and modify
Results
Retuned for 28 GHz, at the expense of

impedance match quality
Finite Array Generation
Finite Array Performance
Best Achievable Pattern

Envelope
Theta = 0 deg
Phi = 0 deg
Theta = 15 deg
Phi = 30 deg
Achievable Array
Patterns
Theta=45
Theta=10
Theta=85
Installed Performance
System Assembly Modelling
System Assembly Modelling provides

convenient layout assembly to bring in
phone + other antenna models
Several copies of array independently
placed and parameterizable
Layout Modelling
After wiring system, switch to layout view
and align antenna arrays
Layout Modelling
Lower hemispherical array needs

to be flipped to aim downward
Rotate on axis for diversity
Simulation Task
In this case, all models will

be solved together in 3D by
MWS T solver
Simulation Performance
3.5 Minutes simulation time per excitation on dual CPU workstation with nVIDIA
Kepler 20 GPU (10% GPU capacity)
3.48 GB of system Memory utilized for initial Matrix Calculation
Installed Performance - Coupling
Both arrays operating (boresight), pattern intact

In band coupling to WIFI antenna, GPS coupling at 5G
operating freq
Installed Performance - Coupling
Installed Performance - Envelope
Relatively, low coupling to GPS at 28 GHz, but radiation angles towards GPS antenna
are affected
Best Achievable Pattern envelope clearly shows performance degraded
Cosite Interference / RF Interference

Performance degradation when multiple RF systems
are co-located in a common environment.
Mobile Phone Receiver Sensitivity

WiFi Antenna
GPS Antenna
Clock
Tri-Band Cellular
Antenna
Coupling Matrix
Cellular-WiFi Coupling
Cellular-GPS Coupling
WiFi-GPS Coupling
Transmitter / Receiver Definition

Transmitter
Defined by:
Excitation spectrum (signal)
Filter
Amplifier
Library
Receiver
Defined by:
Sensitivity spectrum
Filter
Amplifier
Library
CST DS Interference Task
Violation Matrix
Effects of Hand Model

Top hemisphere array is largely unaffected
Bottom array highly dependent on finger proximity
MIMO Base Station Array Example
[1] Konstantinos Prionidis, MIMO Configurable Array for Sector / Omni-Directional Coverage, Department of Signals
& Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2014
Huawei MIMO Base Station Example

-Novel antenna array concept study for small cell sizes
(higher capacity and efficiency), 25% bandwidth at 2GHz
-MIMO Diversity gain central to improved efficiency
-2 logical ports; Polarization diversity utilized (Eh and
Ev received)
-12 physical ports (spatial diversity)
-Unique 360azimuth plane beam forming capabilities
-Elevation up and down tilt beam steering capabillities
Horizontal Element
Horizontal (top)
Vertical (bottom)
4 printed arc-dipoles, centrally fed

Printed stack up and parasitic tuning elements used to obtain
good compromise between size and bandwidth (~27%)
Vertical Element
Vertical (top)
Horizontal (bottom)
Small ground monopole
Planar width increases bandwidth
Obtained Return Loss
Broadband impedance matching obtained, while maintaining compact antenna

configuration
Array Design and Considerations
Both horizontal and vertical elements can produce one vertical polarized
omni-directional OR one vertical polarized sector radiation pattern
Spacing between horizontal elements a challenge, grating lobes for array
Top and bottom ground plates introduce phased reflections to mitigate; acts as
a small ground for vertical monopole elements
Summary
5G Antenna Device design will require high efficiency devices at
frequencies approaching mm wave
CST Array Simulation Workflows provide smooth design process for
large and small finite arrays
Antenna Magus provides Antenna and Array synthesis for rapid
design exploration
System level simulation increasingly important for antenna
performance
Advanced
Wireless
COMCAS
2015Technologies
by ROHDE&SCHWARZ
Thank you

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Advanced Wireless Technologies

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

5G Motivation and Challenges

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

5G Motivation and Challenges

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Antenna Arrays Categories

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Initial beam shape

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Achieved beam shape

CST ARRAY WIZARD

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

CST Array Wizard Sim Proj

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Drag&Drop your Unit Array Element

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Set Elements Active/Passive/Empty

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Finite Array Sim. Proj.

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Tilted reflecting planes change

MIMO Antenna Systems for Advanced Communication

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Multi-path signal transmission

Diversity / MIMO Antennas

Multi-path signal transmission may

Multiple antennas (antenna diversity)

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Diversity / MIMO Antennas

Load farfield of second antenna

Envelope Correlation from Farfield:

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Envelope Corr. from S-Parameters:

Mobile Antenna Array

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Mobile Antenna Element Design

Magus Antenna Synthesis generates initial square

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Mobile Antenna Element Performance

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Retuned for 28 GHz, at the expense of

Finite Array Generation

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Finite Array Performance

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Best Achievable Pattern

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

System Assembly Modelling

System Assembly Modelling provides

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Lower hemispherical array needs

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

In this case, all models will